1,720,982 research outputs found
Dalla crisi del paradigma neokraepeliniano verso una nuova nosografia psichiatrica. Il DSM-5.
No full textWith this article we intend to outline the story of American psychiatry starting at the end of the 19th
century until the present time, describing the cultural, political and economic context which culminated
in the development and diffusion of biological psychiatry and its nosography.
The diffusion of psychoanalysis and of A. Meyer’s psychological psychiatry, beginning at the end of
the Second World War until the end of the Sixties, determined such as an enlargement of psychiatric
diagnosis which no longer allowed one to distinguish a sane individual from an ill individual. This
“dimensional” model caused a slow process of de-medicalization of psychiatry which removed consent
and legitimacy from the discipline. The answer was the publication in 1980 of DSM III, the work
of a small number of psychiatrists known as the “Neo-Kraepelinians”. The new nosography based on
a categorial diagnostic system, emphasized what is directly observable and therefore measurable,
and not what is clinically significant. Whit DSM III and the successive versions the interest of the psychiatrists
moved from the clinical to the epidemiological research. In the attempt to take psychiatry
back to one of the medical sciences DSM III has in reality continued the process of undermining started
whit Meyer and psychoanalysis. And now with the forthcoming publication of DSM V, psychiatry
will be confused ever more with neurosciences
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
L'intervento precoce nelle psicosi: un cambio di paradigma.
No full textThe attention of psychiatrists and researchers is shifting ever more from the management of chronicity
towards the early phases of the development of mental illness, in particular within the ambit of
psychoses. Therefore, there are many early intervention protocols in operation at an international
level, that are currently based on a set of prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic measures, inherent
to the prodromic state as well as the first psychotic episode.
This article offers a broad overview of the information and sensibilization campaigns on psychiatric
themes, on the strategies and identification instruments of the “mental states at risk”, and on the
more innovative characteristics of the modern services dedicated to the onset of psychosis. If, on the
one hand, the importance of these elements in the perspective of an improved course and prognosis of
an illness is highlighted, on the other hand we must be warned of the risk that what we consider a
changing paradigm in psychiatry, in getting away from “encephalopathy”, may transform itself into
“sociopathy”. In other words, what the authors agree on, from a pragmatic point of view, can lose
meaning totally if there is not an underlying valid theoretical structure on human beings
La dimensione paranoicale nella sua distribuzione transnosografica
Full text linkIntroduction. Research at international level is increasingly highlighting the frequency with which a psychopathological paranoid dimension is present both in the general population and in the psychiatric population. In this paper we have aimed to explor the presence of a paranoid dimension, in a sample of patients. Materials and methods. Our research sample consists of 87 patients, visiting for the first time the unit of our Service. With each patient we used the SCL-90R multidimensional scale. After the test we conducted an anamnestic research and diagnostic evaluation based on the criteria of the DSM-IV-TR. The data obtained was analysed using the SPSS software that was used to carry out a descriptive statistical analysis of the entire sample for each individual socio-demographic variable. We then evaluated the percentage of the sample which manifested a pathological paranoid dimension according the SCL-90R, and finally we measured eventual statistically significant correlations regarding the distribution of this dimension within the various categorial diagnoses and any association regarding the socio-demographic variables of the sample. Results. Out of the total sample (N=87) 13 patients who did not complete the SCL-90R test were excluded. 41 of the remaining 74 (55.4%), manifested values above the cuff-off in the "paranoid dimension" of the SCL-90R were excluded. Regarding the socio-demographic characteristics of this subgroup, a greater frequency of the feminine sex can be noted (60%). So far as civil status is concerned, single patients are more frequently affected than married patients, and the paranoid dimension is accentuated. However such dimension appeared more latent respect to others on the simptomatologic plan and therefore more difficult to characterize. Conclusions. The results obtained from the analysis of our sample seems to confirm the high frequency of the paranoid dimension and their transnosographicity. Also this dimension has turned out to be more latent than others on the plan of the manifest symptomatology and it needs in depth diagnostic investi
Distribuzione della sintomatologia depressiva e ansiosa e correlazione con le condotte di Help-Seeking in un campione comunitario di giovani adulti
No full textAims. To evaluate: (i) self-perceived stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms in a community sample of young adults; (ii) which elements have most impact on the development of mental disease; (iii) if high levels of mental disease are related to help-seeking behavior. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on a sample of 1660 university students. The evaluation of the perceived stress was conducted using the Stress-Related Vulnerability Scale (SVS), the evaluation of depressive and anxiety symptoms with Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAD. A descriptive analysis of all the data collected was carried out and the principal links between variables and level of mental disease were detected. Finally the reasons for the failure to seek help were investigated. Results. Mean scores of BDI-II and BAI were respectively 10.9 (sigma = 8.3) e 11.4 (sigma = 9.4) and about 4% of the sample showed a pathological level of stress with the SVS. Female sex, non resident status and conflictual family climate were found to be more related with more severe anxious and depressive symptoms. Moreover, the latter ones were found to be strongly related with help-seeking behavior. Conclusion. In this sample mental disease associated with distress show a significant percentage. Higher level of anxiety and depressive symptoms are more related to perceived need for help and help-seeking behavior. Nevertheless the level of unexpressed help-seeking turn out to be high for multiple reason. Clin Ter 2010; 161(2):e25-e3
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