8 research outputs found
An experimental study on the hypergolic interaction between monomethylhydrazine and nitric acid
No full textApproximate solution to the equation of radiative transfer in cylindrical participating media
No full textGender aspects of transport policies in Asia This is a referreed conference paper - no article!
No full textFor a copy pls contact the author
Thermal decomposition studies of energetic materials using confined rapid thermolysis / FTIR spectroscopy
No full textPhotochemical smog in China: scientific challenges and implications for air-quality policies
No full textSevere air-pollution events in many parts of China pose a major threat to health and ecosystems [1]. China’s air pollution is concentrated to economically developed areas, such as Beijing–Tianjin– Hebei (BTH) and Pearl–River–Delta (PRD) [2,3]. The situation has received considerable attention in international and national media, including its secondary societal and economic impacts such as lowered productivity, reduced investments and loss of professionals who have the choice of residing elsewhere. Large efforts are today underway from the government to improve the situation by measures to reduce primary emissions (see Airborne Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (2013–2017), available at http://www.gov.cn). This will also affect secondary pollutants such as ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) but how and to what magnitude are uncertain. The photochemically induced secondary pollutants will add to any severe local urban air pollution but require a very different approach for abatements. In this perspective view, we will address the complexity of photochemical smog while acknowledging the urge for similar descriptions on local urban air pollution as described elsewhere [1–4].Swedish Research Council [639-2013-6917]; National Basic Research Program from Ministry of Science and Technology, China [2013CB228503]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [91544214, 91544226]; Hong Kong Research Grants Council [C-5022-14G]SCI(E)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)EDITORIAL MATERIAL4401-403
ПОДХОДЫ И МЕТОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО УЩЕРБА ОТ ДОРОЖНО-ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ ПРОИСШЕСТВИЙ
No full textThe article reviews the issues of measuring the value of human life as well as the socio-economic costs of road accidents. The vast amount of car accidents and the high volume of road accident deaths reflect the relevance of this topic. According to research of international organizations, Russia’s road safety levels are close to those found in developing countries. This fact raises the need for developing a new policy on ensuring road safety based on scientifically objective measures of potential socio-economic effects. Namely, the article analyzes how the current approaches and methods for measuring the value of human life can be adapted to assess the effects of fatal road accidents. The author was able to establish the most significant losses that occur from car accidents as well as the most widely applied methods used to quantify these costs. The conceptual framework of these methods relies on the Value of Human Capital and Willingness To Pay approaches. Among the main challenges of implementing these frameworks in Russia, the author cites the lack of statistical data that can be used to conduct these assessments. As part of the literature review the author assessed both Russian and foreign academic papers, that have previously focused on the issues of measuring socio-economics effects in both developed and developing nations. By analyzing the best global practices on road safety measures, the author was able to establish the main shortfalls of Russia in this area. In conclusion, the author provides a set of recommendations on enhancing the current statistical evidence base and improving ongoing monitoring systems for assessing the socio-economic costs of road accidents.Рассматриваются вопросы оценки стоимости человеческой жизни и социально-экономических потерь от ДТП. Актуальность исследования обусловлена большим количеством ДТП и высокой смертностью населения в результате дорожных происшествий. В настоящее время безопасность автомобильного движения находится на уровне развивающихся стран, о чем свидетельствуют исследования международных организаций. Получение научно-обоснованных оценок социально-экономического ущерба от ДТП может служить базой для формирования новой политики в сфере обеспечения безопасности на автомобильных дорогах. В связи с этим вопросом необходимо рассмотреть современные подходы и провести анализ отечественных методик оценки последствий высокой смертности в результате ДТП. В исследовании определены наиболее существенные виды ущерба, возникающего в результате ДТП, проанализированы подходы к оценке социально-экономических потерь. Раскрыто смысловое содержание, преимущества и ограничения использования подходов к оценке на основе ценности человеческого капитала и готовности платить. Основным препятствием для комплексного применения отечественных методик оценки ущерба от ДТП является недостаточный уровень развития статистической базы и объема информации. В целях комплексного анализа были рассмотрены работы отечественных и зарубежных авторов, исследования которых легли в основу оценки социально-экономического ущерба в развитых и развивающихся странах. Обзор передового мирового опыта помог определить относительный уровень развития российских методик и возможность их практического применения. Кроме того, выявлено, какие основные проблемы препятствуют использованию имеющихся разработок в полном объеме. Сформированы рекомендации по совершенствованию соответствующей информационной и методологической базы
Plasma propellant interactions in an electrothermal-chemical gun
No full textThis Thesis covers work conducted to understand the mechanisms
underpinning the operation of the electrothermal-chemical gun. The
initial formation of plasma from electrically exploding wires, through to
the development of plasma venting from the capillary and interacting
with a densely packed energetic propellant bed is included. The prime
purpose of the work has been the development and validation of
computer codes designed for the predictive modelling of the
elect rothe rmal-ch em ical (ETC) gun.
Two main discussions in this Thesis are:
a proposed electrically insulating vapour barrier located around
condensed exploding conductors and
the deposition of metallic vapour resulting in a high energy flux to
the surface of propellant, leading to propellant ignition.
The vapour barrier hypothesis is important in a number of fields where
the passage of current through condensed material or through plasma
is significant. The importance may arise from the need to disrupt the
fragments by applying strong magnetic fields (as in the disruption of
metallic shaped charge jets); in the requirement to generate a metallic
vapour efficiently from electrically exploding wires (as per ETC ignition systems); or in the necessity to re-use the condensed material after a
discharge (as with lightning divertor strips).
The ignition by metallic vapour deposition hypothesis relies on the
transfer of latent heat during condensation. It is important for the
efficient transfer of energy from an exploded wire (or other such
metallic vapour generating device) to the surface of energetic material.
This flux is obtained far more efficiently through condensation than
from radiative energy transfer, because the energy required to
evaporate copper is far less than that required to heat it to
temperatures at which significant radiative flux would be emitte
