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APPLICATION OF TOPICAL NEGATIVE PRESSURE (VACUUM-ASSISTED CLOSURE) MANAGING THE HORSE'S WOUNDS:LITERATURE REVIEW AND THREE YEARS EXPERIENCE.
Get PDFTraumatic injuries causing major soft-tissue damage to the extremities are commonly encountered in animals (Ben-Amotz et al., 2007).
Horses often suffer wounds in relation to their habitat, their use, and their natural instinct. Veterinarians in equine practice are frequently called on to manage traumatic wounds, which can be labor-intensive and expensive. Healing of these wounds is often delayed and complicated compared with that occurring in other species, which leads to significant wastage, because a considerable number of animals are not able to continue their athletic career as a result of persisting lameness, swollen limbs, and extensive scars (Wilmink & van Weeren, 2005).
In a large, multicenter retrospective study of 122,642 cases presented to nineteen American Veterinary Colleges in a four-year period, 2% of all cases required wound treatment and 61% of these wounds were treated with debridement only and healed by second intention (Lindsay, 1990). Although primary or delayed closure is the preferred way of treatment, this can be followed by partial or total dehiscence of the wound, necessitating second-intention healing. Also, in cases of unmanageable contamination, excessive tissue loss, or severe compromise of the tissue, wound healing by second intention is often the only option (Caron, 1999).
To compound the problem, repair of full-thickness wounds by second intention is subject to numerous complications which compromise aesthetic and functional outcome in the horse, including:
•Chronic inflammation;
•Poor contraction;
•Development of exuberant granulation tissue (proud flesh);
•Slow epithelialization (Theoret, 2006).
To minimize cost and time spent on treatment, practitioners must be meticulous in their selection of techniques, dressing, and medications, which should be based on a clear understanding of the mechanisms involved in wound repair (Theoret, 2005). Therefore a lot of alternative strategies for traumatic wounds have been presented in the last years to avoid keloids formation and reduce healing time (Alford et al., 2012). The important of reliable and efficacious treatment is crucial not only to improve patient quality of life, but also to reduce cost of management. However, studies that clarify the correct utilization of medications are not available in literature; in fact, wound management is often labors and frustrate for veterinarians in equine practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and the effectiveness of VAC® in horses with traumatic wounds and report our preliminary experience. The principles of this therapy are based on the delivery of subatmospheric pressure to the wound bed through an open pore sponge dressing that is placed in the wound and covered with plastic adhesive drape. Five limb wounds (three dorsal hock, dorsal carpus, upper cranial antebrachium), one thorax wound and one neck wound were treated. The occurrence of healthy granulation tissue and the absence of secretions at every bandage change was observed in all patients. The application of VAC® therapy to horses revealed to be an effective tool in the management of large and non-healing wounds
V.A.C.TM therapy in an Italian Friesian calf
No full textVacuum Assisted Closure (V.A.C.) is a non-invasive therapy based on the application of negative pressure by controlled suction to the wound surface. V.A.C. has been widely employed in human medicine for over a decade; its use in animals is limited in pets and horses and, to our knowledge, it has not been described in cattle yet. The principles of this therapy are based on the delivery of subatmospheric pressure to the wound bed through an open pore sponge dressing, that is placed in the wound and covered with plastic adhesive drape. The application of negative pressure to the foam has been proved to be effective in improving the development of granulation tissue, decreasing of tissue edema, reducing bacterial colonization of tissues and decreasing rapidly the wound area.
The aim of the paper is to describe the first utilization of V.A.C. in a calf with a large infected wound on the left hindlimb.
A one-month-old female Italian Friesian calf was admitted to our clinic for a large wound on the left hindlimb in October 2011. History reported that the calf presented a grade 2 congenital arthrogryposis of both forelimbs. The prolonged recumbency caused by this pathology induced the compression of the skin of the left hindlimb resulting in skin necrosis and consequently in an infected large plague that extended from the dorsal surface of the knee area up to the tibio-tarsal area. Traditional methods would have likely failed with a such severe wound, therefore the use of V.A.C. was preferred. The patient underwent surgical debridement and application of the V.A.C. The skin area around the wound was cleaned, clipped and aseptically prepared. A reticulated 400-600 μm pore polyurethane foam dressing was applicated on the wound. It was then covered with an adhesive plastic drape, where a 1 cm hole was created in order to apply a trackpad connected with a computer-controlled therapy unit that allows continuous, controlled application of subatmospheric pressure of 125 mmHg. The area surrounding the wound was protected with a classic bandage.
The calf was subjected to a long antibiotic therapy till the almost complete healing of the wound. Every 3 days the wound was medicated.
The present report describes the first use of the V.A.C. in cattle. The clinical outcome was excellent although we recommend the V.A.C. therapy only in selected high value patients
La tenoscopia della borsa navicolare : nuovo approccio terapeutico a cavalli affetti da "sindrome da dolore palmare"? Revisione della tecnica endoscopica ed esperienze personali
No full textTenoscopy of the navicular bursa : a new therapeutic approach for horses affected by "palmar pain syndrome". Endoscopic technique review and personal experiences
No full textTenoscopy of the navicular bursa has been recently introduced as a diagnostic and therapeutic treatment in cases of palmar foot pain syndrome. A deep digital flexor tendon transthecal approach was suggested in 1999, and the endoscopic technique has been reviewed. Smith and coworkers have recently reported good and promising results. An anatomic cadaver limb study was performed, and the endoscopic technique was evaluated. Subsequently, a 14-year-old Argentine mare, affected by palmar foot pain syndrome, was treated. Clinical data, MRI and endoscopic findings, and a 6-month follow-up evaluation are reported
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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