1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
From seed to seedling - damping-off tolerance in Spinacia oleracea L
No full textSpinacia oleracea L. (spinach) is an economically important crop that is increasingly cultivated for the consumption of its young leaves, also called baby-leaf spinach. Damping off in spinach is a worldwide problem that can be caused by multiple soilborne pathogens, of which the oomycete Pythium ultimum seems to be most prevalent in causing pre- and post-emergence damping off. Pre-emergence damping off involves the rotting of seeds or roots that have become infected before a seedling emerges above the soil level, while post-emergence damping off involves the wilting or even mortality of seedlings after emergence. Symptoms are most severe under wet soil conditions and suboptimal soil temperatures that hamper germination and seedling emergence, which results in poor and non-uniform crop stands. In conventional spinach production, chemical treatments of seeds and fields are widely applied to manage damping off. However, there is a growing demand for organically produced or non-chemically treated crops, requiring alternative solutions. This dissertation describes the studies that were performed on the possibilities to improve damping-off tolerance in spinach through plant or seed breeding, focusing on seed traits that underlie this tolerance.Seeds from two or three seed lots of commercial spinach cultivars and from one seed lot fractionated into different seed sizes and/or maturity levels were tested. The spinach seed is botanically an indehiscent fruit with a ‘true seed’ surrounded by a fruit wall, called the pericarp. This anatomy brings a challenge for the germination potential under stressful conditions, e.g., high moisture and/or low oxygen levels. The research on moisture sensitivity of spinach seeds in the absence of P. ultimum showed that larger seeds (>3.50 mm), which had a thicker pericarp, germinated less at high moisture level compared to smaller seeds, which had a thinner pericarp and, more frequently, openings in the pericarp. The sensitivity to high moisture conditions was reduced by germinating spinach seeds under lower temperatures or elevated oxygen levels, or by removing the pericarp from the seed, also called dehulling. These results indicate that the pericarp interferes with the oxygen availability to the embryo, necessary for germination.When screening eight spinach cultivars in fields with damping-off occurrence and in the greenhouse with naturally-infested field soil, genotypic variation in damping-off tolerance could not be confirmed due to a large variation among the replicates and among seed lots of the same cultivars. These results emphasised the need for a more standardised phenotyping assay. The developed assay consisted of a relatively dry substrate of sand, perlite, and vermiculite in equal volume ratios, inoculated with a cornmeal/sand-based inoculum of a pathogenic P. ultimum isolate. The assay showed reproducible results for pre-emergence damping-off tolerance levels, but variation in tolerance levels among seed lots of the same cultivars confounded the search for cultivar variation.The large variation among seed lots was further investigated, and no correlation was found between the emergence rate and damping-off tolerance of these seed lots. However, by pre-treating the seeds using priming or dehulling methods, the rate and uniformity of seed germination and seedling emergence increased. Primed seed lots showed a higher rate of seedling emergence and pre-emergence damping-off tolerance levels compared to untreated seed lots. After dehulling, some seed lots had a higher rate of seedling emergence and damping-off tolerance levels, while other seed lots from the same cultivars showed only one of the two effects. These results indicated that rate of germination and emergence is a potential driver but not the only driver of pre-emergence damping-off tolerance.When seed lots were characterised for specific seed traits, including seed size, roundness, maturity (measured by the negatively correlating chlorophyll fluorescence level), and pericarp colour (measured by light reflectance at a broad spectrum of wavelengths), only a small part of the variation in pre-emergence damping-off tolerance levels could be attributed to differences in seed size and pericarp colour. The large variation among and within seed lots urged to zoom in on the individual seed level, which was possible with the developed assay and sowing the seeds in individual cells. Generally, more mature seeds showed higher P. ultimum tolerance than less mature seeds. Of those seeds, the smaller seeds and the seeds with a darker pericarp were more tolerant than the larger seeds and lighter-coloured seeds. The light reflectance in the violet to blue light spectrum showed the strongest negative association with P. ultimum tolerance, which may relate to the presence of phenolic compounds.In conclusion, to develop spinach cultivars with improved tolerance to P. ultimum, seed vigour of spinach seeds can be enhanced. Preferred seed traits are a smaller seed size, thinner pericarp, and darker pericarp in addition to high levels of seed maturity. Further research is needed to confirm a genetic base for one or more of these traits, which is necessary for breeding purposes. In the meantime, seeds can be pre-selected for these traits, or they can be pre-treated by dehulling (removal of the pericarp) or priming (increasing their germination rate). A combination of damping-off tolerant cultivars, post-harvest seed selection or seed treatments, and site-specific field measures will remain necessary for a sustainable control of damping off in both organic and conventional spinach production
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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