182 research outputs found
Effect of electron beam irradiation on electro synthesized hexagonal Cd₀.₃Zn₀.₇S nanosphere with excellent application in solar cell
No full textAbstract not availableH.D. Dhaygude, S.K. Shinde, D.P. Dubal, M.C. Rath, V.J. Fular
Engineering Structural And Magnetic Properties Of Mgo.95mn O.o5fe2o4 Thin Films Using 200 Mev Au Ions
No full textPulsed laser deposited thin films of Mgo.95Mn o.05Fe2O4 ferrite were irradiated by 200 MeV Au14+ with a maximum dose up to 1 × 1012 ions/cm2. The as-deposited and irradiated thin films are investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) and dc magnetization measurements. XRD and Raman spectroscopy measurements reflect the cubic spinel structure of films before and after irradiation. FESEM measurements demonstrate that films are composed of nano rods and nanocrystalline grains. Magnetic hysteresis loop measurements reveal that all the films have ferrimagnetic ordering at room temperature with enhancement in the coercive field and remnant magnetization due to irradiation. © 2009 The Ceramic Society of Japan. All rights reserved.1171365685688Brabers, V.A.M., (1995) Handbook of Magnetic Materials, 8. , Ed. by K. H. J. Buschow, Elsevier, AmsterdamBhargava, S.C., Zeman, N., (1980) Phys. Rev. B, 21, p. 1717Muralidharan, K., Srivastava, J.K., Moratha, V.R., Vijayaraghavan, R.J., (1985) Phys. C, 18, p. 5897Brand, R.A., Lauer, J., Herlach, D.M., (1984) J. Phys, F14Dormann, J.L., Nogues, M., (1990) J. Phys. Condense Matter, 2, p. 1223Dormann, J.L., Harfaouni, M.E.I., Nogues, M., Love, J., (1987) J. Phys. C, 20, pp. L161Thompson, M.W., (1969) Defects and Radiation Damage in Metals, , Cambridge University Press, CambridgeNeumeier, J.J., Hundley, M.F., Thompson, J.D., Heffner, R.H., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 52, pp. R7006Ogale, A.S., Shinde, S.R., Kulkarni, V.N., Higgins, J., Choudhary, R.J., Kundaliya, D.C., Polleto, T., Venkatesan, T., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 69, p. 235101S. B. Ogale, K. Ghosh, J. Y. Gu, R. Shreekala, S. R. Shinde, M. Downes, M. Rajeswari, R. P. Sharma, R. L. Green, TVenkatesan, Ramesh, R., Bathe, R., Patil, S.I., Kumar, R., Arora, S.K., Mehta, G.K., (1988) J. Appl. Phys, 84, p. 6255Sharma, S.K., Kumar, R., Kuma, V.V.S., Knobel, M., Reddy, V.R., Gupta, A., Singh, M., (2006) Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B, 248, pp. 37-11S. Kumar, S. K. Sharma, R. J. Alimuddin, D. M. Choudhary, Phase and R. Kumar, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B, 266, 1741-1748 (2008)Studer, F., Toulmonde, M., (1992) Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B, 65, p. 560Houpert, C., Studer, F., Groult, D., Toulmonde, M., (1989) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B, , 39, 720Y723R. Kumar, S. B. Samantra, S. K. Arora, A. Gupta, D. Kanjilal, R. Pinto and A. V. Narlikar, Solid State Commun., 106[12], 805Y810 (1998)Kumar, R., Arora, S.K., Kanjilal, D., Mehta, G.K., Bache, R., Date, S.K., Shinde, S.R., Patil, S.I., (1999) Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids, 147, p. 187Komine, T., Mitsui, Y., Shiikj, K., (1995) J. Appl. Phys, 78 (12), p. 7220Turilli, G., Baooluzi, A., Lutennti, M., Tareti, L., (1992) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 104-107, p. 114
Ischaemum dioecum Landge & R. D. Shinde 2022, sp. nov.
No full textIschaemum dioecum Landge & R. D. Shinde, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2 & 3) Type:— INDIA. Maharashtra state: Raigad district, near Patanus village, 8 August 2021, 18°26’51.7”N 73°22’17.1”E, Shahid Nawaz PR-01 A (BLAT) [ holotype ]; isotype: Shahid Nawaz PR-01 B (BLAT) [pistillate plant specimens]. Diagnosis:—Ephemeral habit, up to 20 cm high, with numerous stilt-roots from nodes; dioecious breeding system; leaves long, hispid, acute at the base and petioled; lower glume of the sessile and pedicelled spikelet (if present) 2–4- nerved; lower floret in the sessile spikelet absent or if present then barren, elodiculate and epaleate; upper floret of the staminate plant is lodiculate (lodicules giant, ca. 3.5 mm long) bearing four stamens with anthers 6.0– 10 mm long on an extremely filiform and extraordinarily elongated filaments ca. 15 mm long; upper floret of the pistillate plant is elodiculate with unusually long style ca. 14 mm long with two plumose stigma, purplish, 6.0–10 (–14) m long; peduncle in staminate plant glandular beset with tubercle-based trichomes; palea apex bi-dentate most often with a central arista; pedicelled spikelet (if present) half as long as the sessile spikelet, barren, reduced to a single glume; pedicel 1/2–4/5 of the sessile spikelet, slender, linear glabrous or ciliate on the margin. Description:—Male plant: Ephemeral, ca. 20 cm, geniculately ascending, non-caespitose, extremely delicate, weak and slender with numerous maroonish-red stilt-roots (roots very delicate and may easily break) from the nodes bearing micro papillae near the base. Leaf blade linear, acuminate, very thin membranous, hispid, 2.0–5.0 × 0.3– 0.5 cm, acute at the base with a long pseudopetiole (ca. 1.5 cm long), puberulous. Ligule ca. 3.0–4.0 mm long, oblong-lanceolate, membranous, lacerated at the apex into few segments, hairy on the margin or not. Sheath very slender, terete, striated, glabrous, margin sub-hyaline-membranous strongly overlapping, 1.0– 3.5 cm long, not keeled. Inflorescence a solitary spiciform-raceme fully exserted from the spathaceous sheath. Peduncle broad, somewhat swollen bearing tubercle-based bristles, elongated, with glandular depressions oozing a dense brownish viscous fluid. Spiciform-raceme ca. 28–42 mm long, solitary, comprising three well developed sessile spikelets with bare pedicels (on maturity deciduous together with the adjacent rhachis internode and pedicel) pedicelled spikelets are sometimes present but by a single, reduced glume. Sessile spikelet: linear-oblong, awnless, 9.0–12 (–13) mm long (including a callus); callus, ca. 1.2–2.2 mm long, densely bearded with white hairs (i.e. 6.0–9.0 mm long), reaching up to the middle of the sessile spikelet; lower glume: linear-oblong, 8.0–10 (–13) × 2.0–3.0 (3.5) mm, slightly longer than the upper glume, convex base wards and flattened upwards, initially herbaceous-membranous and later becoming somewhat coriaceous, scabrous, puberulous or glabrous, apex acute, 2–4-nerved (only 2 clearly visible other two obscure), nerves not anastomosing, margin evenly inflexed throughout the length, sharply keeled upwards, glabrous, no trace of nodulations and rugosity; upper glume: linear-lanceolate, 7.0–9.0 (–12) × 2.2–3.3 (–3.8) mm, 1–3-nerved, glabrous, acute, naviculate, keeled, slightly winged near the apex, ciliate, margins inflexed. Floret: lower floret is absent only upper floret is present, staminate: lemma linear-lanceolate, almost equal to upper glume in length but narrower, 3-nerved, glabrous, hyaline-membranous, acute, un-awned; palea linear long obspatulate, sub-equal to its lemma, broadest at the base, hyaline-membranous, 3-nerved, apex bi-dentate (often with a distinct arista from the sinus (excurrent mid-nerve), arista ca. 3.0– 4.5 mm long), glabrous. Pedicelled spikelet: Absent most of the times, if present then by a single 2-nerved reduced glume ca. 5.0 mm long. Pedicel linear, slender, 7.0– 10 mm long, ciliate on both the angles or completely glabrous. Rhachis internode sub-equal to the pedicel and almost identical in shape, ciliate on both the angles or completely glabrous, fragile and articulate. Stamens four, filaments slender, drooping, considerably elongated during anthesis reaching ca. 15 mm long; anthers 6.0– 10 mm long, orangish-yellow, exhibiting both lateral and apical dehiscence. Lodicules fleshy, sub-hyaline, clavate, sharply oblique at the apex, ca. 3.5 mm long. Pedicelled spikelets short almost reduced to a glume, barren or absent altogether. Female plant: An extremely slender, delicate, geniculately ascending, stilt-rooted, non-caespitose ephemeral grass, 10–14 cm high. Culm solitary, weak, un-branched, striated, up to 12-noded, hardly exceeding 0.6 mm diameter; the root system is extremely shallow; internodes as long as the sheath or slightly longer, terete; nodes swollen, glabrous, some lower and few upper ones with stilt roots up to about half the length of the plant. Sheaths 0.8–2.5 cm long, terete, glabrous or setaceous near the margin with bulbousbased trichomes (ca. 3.0 mm long), tightly en-clasping and disintegrating in the lower portion of the culm during anthesis, sheath near the inflorescence is quite broad, somewhat ribbed, slipping-off and slightly laterally compressed. Ligule membranous, ca. 1.0 mm long, slightly brownish, obtuse to somewhat truncate at the apex with appressed white hairs on the adaxial side. Blade: lower linear-lanceolate longer than the upper ones, 0.8–2.0 × 0.2–0.3 cm, the ones about the inflorescence are ovate-elliptic to slightly oblongish in outline, beset with bulbous-based trichomes (1.0– 1.5 mm long) on both the surfaces, margins uniseriately-pectinate. Inflorescence a highly reduced, solitary (with a triad of one sessile spikelet and two bare pedicels, sometimes with a single glume) or binate (each spiciform-raceme is reduced to only single sessile spikelet accompanied by a barren pedicel) spiciform-raceme, 5.0– 5.6 mm long, almost completely subtended by a spathaceous sheath; fragile on maturity and sessile spikelets deciduous together with the adjacent rhachis internode and pedicel. Peduncle very short, slender, clavate, glabrous, rarely more than 10 mm long, apex dilated and broad. Spikelets either sessile or in a combination of one sessile and other pedicelled (often reduced to a single, barren glume) in a raceme. Sessile spikelet: ovate-lanceolate, 5.0– 5.6 mm long (including a callus), strictly pistillate; callus 0.8–1.0 mm long, slightly oblique, broad, bearded with white hairs almost reaching the middle of the sessile spikelet; lower glume: ovate-lanceolate, 5.0–5.6 × 1.5–1.8 mm (un-opened, broadest near the base), slightly shorter than the upper glume, initially herbaceous-membranous and later becoming somewhat coriaceous, convex towards the base with two bosses and flattened upwards (sometimes with two shallow bosses in the middle and below), glabrous or hairy on the back, apex acute to somewhat bi-dentate with a short hyaline portion, 2–4-nerved (only two clearly visible others obscure), nerves not anastomosing, margins glabrous, broadly and evenly inflexed throughout the length, keels acute, no trace of nodulations and rugosity; upper glume: ovate-lanceolate, 5.1–5.7 × 1.5–1.8 mm (broadest at the base), navicular, keel herbaceous, 3-nerved, glabrous, sub-hylaine, apex acute, devoid of a hump in the middle, margin hyaline, glabrous and inflexed; lower floret: entirely absent (if present then barren and is only represented by an epaleate lemma which is ovate-lanceolate, 3.2 mm long (broadest near the base), barren, without lodicules, glabrous, hyaline-membranous, 1–3-nerved, apex obtuse or slightly oblique); upper floret: strictly female/ pistillate, elodiculate: upper lemma linear-lanceolate, 4.0–5.4 × 0.8–1.0 mm, sub-equal to lower glume, paleate, bi-fid (lobes acuminate, 1.8–2.5 mm long), glabrous, awn geniculate issuing from the sinus, 12.5 mm long (column brown 5.0 mm long and bristle pale, scabrid, 7.5 mm long), slightly humped in the middle on the dorsal side; upper palea: very linear, almost obspatulate with a broad base (enclosing an ovary) and linear upper portion, 3.0–4.0 × 0.3–0.4 mm (broadest at the base), very delicate, hyaline-membranous, margin inflexed, broader at the base, glabrous, apex bidentate (often shortly mucronate from the sinus (excurrent mid-nerve), mucro ca. 1.0–2.0 mm long), finely 3-nerved; pistil: ovary ovoid, 1.0 mm long, style ca. 14 mm long (when young, highly coiled inside the spikelet), two stigma plumose, purplish, 6.0–10 (–14) mm long; lodicules absent; caryopsis not seen. Pedicelled spikelet: represented only by a bare pedicel, which is extremely narrow, not swollen, linear, 3.2–4.0 × 0.2–0.3 mm, unusually long, flattened, excavated throughout on the inner angle, confluent into the callus, hairy along the margins or completely glabrous, apex densely bearded or with a calloid outgrowth, mostly devoid of pedicelled spikelet sometimes with a single lower glume (un-identical to the lower glume of sessile spikelet, linear-elliptic 3.2 mm long, 2–4-nerved (only two are clearly visible), sub-hyaline, herbaceous, convex on the back and apex bi-dentate). Distribution:—Hitherto, based on our surveys, the species has been observed only in a couple of localities i.e. near Patanus village and Rawalje village, Raigad District, Maharashtra (Western Ghats), India. Ischaemum dioecum is apparently an extremely rare and narrow endemic species in the genus. Flowering and fruiting:—August to mid September (life cycle of individuals hardly exceeding 20 days). Additional specimen examined:— INDIA. Maharashtra state: Raigad district, near Rawalje village, 24 August 2021, 18°26’36.9”N 73°21’29.0”E, Shahid Nawaz RR-05 (BLAT) [staminate plant specimen, spikelets were removed for the study]. Habitats and ecology:—In complex network of dense roots mingled with seasonally wet thin film of soil at the base of other taller grass species such as: Ischaemum diplopogon Hooker (1896: 129), Heteropogon ritchiei & Dimeria blatteri Bor (1949: 70), on the flank of the river associated with rocky outcrops and on the slope of basalt rocks. The microhabitats are protected from the direct sunlight, wind and precipitation; thus are special with their own specific environmental conditions that include moisture, temperature and light. These factors are regulated by the presence of benefactor species (three mentioned above) from directly influencing I. dioecum therefore contributing positively in survival of this species. In the late October, when monsoon subsides, the resultant heat generated by the basalt rocks, on prolonged exposure to sunlight is immense; eradicating all the annual and transient vegetation cover. In such challenging habitats, plants that are acclimatized rapidly complete their life cycle by bearing seeds. In which I. dioecum has the shortest life cycle, hardly exceeding 20 days! Associated species:— Arundinella pumila Steudel (1854: 114), Heteropogon ritchiei, Ischaemum diplopogon, Dimeria blatteri, Ischaemum barbatum Retzius (1791: 35), I. semisagittatum Roxburgh (1832: 320), Ischaemum sp., Geissaspis sp. Etymology:—The epithet alludes to a dioecious breeding system of the species, where male and female plants are sexually separate individuals. Population and threat:—In the first locality the habitats are encroached and disturbed by tourists visiting Devkund waterfall during monsoon when the individuals are in flowering. The first author has also observed that the shallow shores of the river attract many villagers especially women for washing clothes. However, the second locality is far from the reach, at least for villagers and their livestock. The basalt slopes make the domestic quadrupeds unable to climb and disturb the thin population of Ischaemum dioecum. These basalt habitats, during monsoon, are extremely slippery and difficult to climb upon. At least because of this, there the population of this extremely rare grass is, perhaps, on a small magnitude, protected. However, in this habitats Celosia sp. is very troublesome and exhibits a great possession. It may threat the existence of this species in future. IUCN status:—Based on our field observations, it can be asserted that the population is severely fragmented and confined over the two localities (Figs. 3 & 4) few kilometers apart from each other. The type locality exhibits tourist encroachment and disturbance. The total number of individuals in both the subpopulations is less than 25 in which female plants are relatively higher in numbers as compared to the male counterparts. The observed data suggests 7 male individuals over 18 female individuals. Hitherto, based on the limited surveys, data is not available to discuss declination thus those categories and criteria cannot be assessed. We have not seen Ischaemum dioecum in any other locality except the two given though surveyed the region more or less for almost a month during monsoon. Based on this it is perhaps not too quick to assess the plant as Critically Endangered (CR) under B1 (Extent of occurrence <100 km 2), D (mature individuals <50) of IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2019). Notes:—Since, the species is extremely delicate, slender, weak and non-tufted, it demands an additional support from the stilt-roots, that are present up to almost half of the plant height assisting it to stand upright without falling. In some specimens stilt-roots are present till the last node i.e. below the inflorescence, and may measure up to 12 cm high. The staminate and pistillate plants differed quite sufficiently in appearance of the inflorescence that one might easily mistake them for members of different species! The most striking contrast between the two is that the formers are essentially awnless, whilst those of the pistillate plants bear conspicuous awns (Figs. 1 & 2). The features that are common in both plants are such as: solitary habit with stilt-roots; leaves thin-membranous, hispid, long, petioled and acute at the base; ligule membranous; few spikelets up to three or less than three in the spiciform-raceme; 2–4-nerved lower glumes of the sessile spikelets; lower floret absent; upper palea bi-dentate at the apex with an arista from the sinus and pedicelled spikelets absent or reduced to a single glume i.e. half the length of the sessile spikelets. Females in comparison to males are, at least somewhat, easier to search in the field and tend to exist in a relatively higher numbers. Whilst, the male plants are very few and extremely rare in occurrence and challenging to trace; so far, we, during our surveys, found only few male plants in which only two were collected for further study. As compared to the female plants, males are slightly taller, more delicate, bearing thinner leaves and higher number of stilt-roots.Published as part of Landge, Shahid Nawaz & Shinde, Rajendra D., 2022, Ischaemum dioecum (Poaceae: Andropogoneae): the most strangest new species from Northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India, pp. 237-255 in Phytotaxa 533 (5) on pages 239-242, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.533.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/614492
Effect Of 200 mev Ag15+ Ion Irradiation On Structural And Magnetic Properties Of Mg0.95mn0.05fe2o4 Ferrite Thin Film
No full textNanocrystalline Mg0.95Mn0.05Fe2O4 ferrite thin films, prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique on a glass substrate coated with indium tin oxide, are irradiated with 200 MeV Ag15+ ions at different fluence values in the range from 1 × 1011 to 1 × 1012 ions/cm2. The as-deposited and irradiated thin films are investigated using X-ray diffraction, dc magnetization and atomic force microscopy techniques. X-ray diffraction analysis of the as-deposited as well as irradiated thin film indicates the single phase cubic structure as the main composition. The crystallite size evaluated from Scherrer's equation is found to be decreased from 26 nm for as-deposited thin films to 17 nm for irradiated at a fluence of 1 × 1012 ions/cm2. The decrease in crystallite size in all the thin film samples after irradiation indicates a distortion in the lattice structure caused by stress-induced defects. The zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) magnetizations have been recorded in a low field of 100 Oe and they show a typical behavior of superparamagnetic particles. This is further supported by the magnetization hysteresis (M-H) curve taken at 300 K, for the as-deposited thin film, which shows zero coercivity and remanence. The blocking temperatures calculated from the maxima of ZFC are found to decrease with the increase in irradiation fluence, which is consistent with XRD results. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.20317-1827072711Dash, J., Prasad, S., Venkataramani, N., Kishan, P., Kumar, N., Kulkarani, S.D., Date, S.K., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 86, p. 3303Acarya, B.R., Krishan, R., Prasad, S., Venkataramani, N., Ajan, A., Shringi, N., (1994) Appl. Phys. Lett., 64, p. 1579Morisako, A., Matsumoto, M., Naoe, M., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 24, p. 3024Hylton, T.L., Parker, M.A., Howard, J.K., (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., 61, p. 867Sui, X., Kryder, M.H., (1993) Appl. Phys. Lett., 63, p. 1582Cho, H.S., Kim, M.H., Kim, H.J., (1994) J. Mater. Res., 9 (9), p. 2425Venzke, S., van Dover, R.B., Philips, J.M., Gyorgy, E.M., Siegrist, T., Chen, C.H., Werder, D., Opila, R., (1996) J. Mater. Res., 11 (5), p. 1187Kumar, R., Wasi Khan, M., Srivastava, J.P., Arora, S.K., Sofin, R.G.S., Choudhary, R.J., Shevets, I.V., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100, p. 100703Chrisey, D.B., Hubler, G.K., (1994) Pulsed Laser Deposition of Thin Films, , Wiley, New YorkNewman, H.S., Chrisey, D.B., Horwitz, J.S., Weaver, B.D., Reeves, M.E., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 2540Cotell, C.M., Chrisey, D.B., Grabowski, K.S., Sprague, J.S., Gossett, C.R., (1992) J. Biomaterials, 3, p. 87Carosella, C.A., Chrisey, D.B., Lubitz, P., Horwitz, J.S., Dorsey, P., Seed, R., Vitoria, C., (1992) J. Appl. Phys., 71, p. 5107Williams, C.M., Chrisey, D.B., Lubitz, P., Grabowski, K.S., Cotell, C.M., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 75, p. 1676Neumeier, J.J., Hundley, M.F., Thompson, J.D., Heffner, R.H., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 52, pp. R7006Ogale, A., Shinde, S.R., Kulkarani, V.N., Higgins, J., Choudhary, R.J., Kundaliya, D.C., Pelleto, T., Venkatesan, T., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 69, p. 235101Ogale, S.B., Ghosh, K., Gu, J.Y., Shreekala, R., Shinde, S.R., Downes, M., Rajeswari, M., Mehta, G.K., (1988) J. Appl. Phys., 84, p. 6255Studer, F., Toulmonde, M., (1992) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B, 65, p. 560Houpert, C., Studer, F., Groult, D., Toulmonde, M., (1989) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B, 39, pp. 720Y723Kumar, R., Samantra, S.B., Arora, S.K., Gupta, A., Kanjilal, D., Pinto, R., Narlikar, A.V., (1998) Solid State Commun., 106 (12), pp. 805Y810Kumar, R., Arora, S.K., Kanjilal, D., Mehta, G.K., Bache, R., Date, S.K., Shinde, S.R., Patil, S.I., (1999) Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids, 147, p. 187Studer, F., Houpert, C.h., Groult, D., Fan, J.Y., Meftah, A., Toulemonde, M., (1993) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B, 82, p. 9
Irradiation Induced Texturing In The Mg0.95mn0.05fe2o4 Ferrite Thin Film
No full textWe present a study on the effect of swift heavy ions irradiation on the structural and magnetic properties of Mg0.95Mn0.05Fe2O4 ferrite thin film grown by pulsed laser deposition technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the as-deposited film reveals a cubic spinel structure with an intermediate phase of α-Fe2O3. This impurity phase completely dissolves upon irradiation with 200 MeV Ag15+-ions and it exhibits a strong crystallographic texture along the (440) plane. The magnetization values start increasing systematically with irradiation at lower fluence values, whereas decrease for higher one. This decrease in magnetic signal can be attributed to partial amorphization caused by irradiation in agreement with XRD and atomic/magnetic force microscopic images. Crown Copyright © 2009.517827582761Dash, J., Prasad, S., Venkataramani, N., Kishan, P., Kumar, N., Kulkarani, S.D., Date, S.K., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 86, p. 3303Acarya, B.R., Krishan, R., Prasad, S., Venkataramani, N., Ajan, A., Shringi, N., (1994) Appl. Phys. Lett., 64, p. 1579Morisako, A., Matsumoto, M., Naoe, M., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 24, p. 3024Hylton, T.L., Parker, M.A., Howard, J.K., (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., 61, p. 867Sui, X., Kryder, M.H., (1993) Appl. Phys. Lett., 63, p. 1582Cho, H.S., Kim, M.H., Kim, H.J., (1994) J. Mater. Res., 9 (9), p. 2425Venzke, S., van Dover, R.B., Philips, J.M., Gyorgy, E.M., Siegrist, T., Chen, C.H., Werder, D., Opila, R., (1996) J. Mater. Res., 11, p. 1187Kumar, R., Khan, M.W., Srivastava, J.P., Arora, S.K., Sofin, R.G.S., Choudhary, R.J., Shevets, I.V., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100, p. 033703Chrisey, D.B., Hubler, G.K., (1994) Pulsed Laser Deposition of Thin Films, , Wiley, New YorkNewman, H.S., Chrisey, D.B., Horwitz, J.S., Weaver, B.D., Reeves, M.E., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 2540Cotell, C.M., Chrisey, D.B., Grabowski, K.S., Sprague, J.S., Gossett, C.R., (1992) J. Appl. Biomater., 3, p. 87Neumeier, J.J., Hundley, M.F., Thompson, J.D., Heffner, R.H., (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 52, pp. R7006Ogale, A.S., Shinde, S.R., Kulkarani, V.N., Higgins, J., Choudhary, R.J., Kundaliya, D.C., Pelleto, T., Venkatesan, T., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 69, p. 235101Ogale, S.B., Ghosh, K., Gu, J.Y., Shreekala, R., Shinde, S.R., Downes, M., Rajeswari, M., Mehta, G.K., (1988) J. Appl. Phys., 84, p. 6255Studer, F., Toulemonde, M., (1992) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B, 65, p. 560Houpert, C., Studer, F., Groult, D., Toulemonde, M., (1989) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B, 39, p. 720Kumar, R., Samantra, S.B., Arora, S.K., Gupta, A., Kanjilal, D., Pinto, R., Narlikar, A.V., (1998) Solid State Commun., 106, p. 805Kumar, R., Arora, S.K., Kanjilal, D., Mehta, G.K., Bache, R., Date, S.K., Shinde, S.R., Patil, S.I., (1999) Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids, 147, p. 187Kumar, S., Alimuddin, Kumar, R., Dogra, A., Reddy, V.R., Banerjee, A., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08M910Wang, Z.G., Dufour, Ch., Paumier, E., Toulemonde, M., (1994) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter., 6, p. 6733Kumar, R., Choudhary, R.J., Patil, S.I., Hussain, S., Srivastava, J.P., Sanyal, S.P., Lofland, S.E., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 96, p. 7383Kumar, R., Singh, F., Angadi, B., Choi, J.W., Choi, W.K., Jeong, K., Song, J.H., Tondon, R.P., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100, p. 11370
Magnetic Study Of Nanocrystalline Ferrites And The Effect Of Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation
No full text100 MeV Si+7 irradiation induced modifications in the structural and magnetic properties of Mg0.95Mn0.05Fe 2O4 nanoparticles have been studied by using X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy and a SQUID magnetometer. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicate the presence of single-phase cubic spinel structure of the samples. The particle size was estimated from the broadened (311) X-ray diffraction peak using the well-known Scherrer equation. The milling process reduced the average particle size to the nanometer range. After irradiation a slight increase in the particle size was observed. With the room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy, superparamagnetic relaxation effects were observed in the pristine as well as in the irradiated samples. No appreciable changes were observed in the room temperature Mössbauer spectra after ion irradiation. Mössbauer spectroscopy performed on a 12 h milled pristine sample (6 nm) confirmed the transition to a magnetically ordered state for temperatures less than 140 K. All the samples showed well-defined magnetic ordering at 5 K, whereas, at room temperature they were in a superparamagnetic state. From the magnetization studies performed on the irradiated samples, it was concluded that the saturation magnetization was enhanced. This was explained on the basis of SHI irradiation induced modifications in surface states of the nanoparticles. © Springer 2005.1601-4143156Thompson, M.W., (1969) Defects and Radiation Damage in Metals, , Cambridge University Press, CambridgeStuder, F., Pascard, H., Groult, D., Houpert, C., Nguyen, N., Toulemonde, M., (1989) Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B, 32, p. 389Meftah, A., Merrien, N., Nguyen, N., Studer, F., Pascard, H., Toulemonde, M., (1991) Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B, 59-60, p. 605Studer, F., Toulemonde, M., (1992) Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B, 65, p. 560Pascard, H., Studer, F., (1997) J. Phys., 4, pp. C1-211Studer, F., Toulmonde, M., (1992) Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B, 65, p. 560Houpert, C., Studer, F., Groult, D., Toulmonde, M., (1989) Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B, 39, pp. 720-723Kumar, R., Samantra, S.B., Arora, S.K., Gupta, A., Kanjilal, D., Pinto, R., Narlikar, A.V., (1998) Solid State Commun., 106 (12), pp. 805-810Kumar, R., Arora, S.K., Kanjilal, D., Mehta, G.K., Bache, R., Date, S.K., Shinde, S.R., Patil, S.I., (1999) Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids, 147, p. 187Papian, W.N., (1995) Proceeding of Metal Powder Association, 2, p. 183. , LondonHeck, C., (1974) Magnetic Materials and Their Applications, , Butterworth, LondonDorman, J.L., Fiorani, D., (1992) Magnetic Properties of Fine Particles, , North-Holland, AmsterdamLu, L., Sui, M.L., Lu, K., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1463Raj, K., Moskowitz, R., Casciari, R., (1995) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 149, p. 174Ozaki, M., (1989) Mater. Res. Bull., 14, p. 35Gleiter, H., (1992) Nanostruct. Mater., 1, p. 1Verma, A., Goel, T.C., Mendiratta, R.G., (2000) Mater. Sci. Technol., 16, p. 712Kim, Y.I., Kim, D., Lee, C.S., (2003) Physica B, 337, pp. 42-51Rath, C., Mishra, N.C., Anand, S., Das, R.P., Sahu, K.K., Upadhyay, C., Verma, H.C., (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., 76 (4), p. 475Shinde, S.R., Bhagwat, A., Patil, S.I., Ogale, S.B., Mehta, G.K., Date, S.K., Marest, G., (1998) J. Magn. Mater., 186, p. 342Brand, R.A., Lauer, J., Herlach, D.M., (1984) J. Phys., F14, p. 55Cullity, B.D., (1978) Elements of X-ray Diffraction, , Addison-Wesely, Reading, MassachusettsDeepthy, A., Rao, K.S.R.K., Bhat, H.L., Kumar, R., Ashoken, K., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 89, p. 6560Basavraj, A., Jali, V.M., Lagare, M.T., Kini, N.S., Umarji, M., Kumar, R., Arora, S.K., Kanjilal, D., (2002) Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B, 187, p. 87Bathe, R., Date, S.K., Shinde, S.R., Saraf, L.V., Ogale, S.B., Patil, S.I., Kumar, R., Mehta, G.K., (1998) J. Appl. Phys., 83, p. 7174Rondinone, A.J., Samia, A.C.S., Zhang, Z.J., (2001) J. Phys. Chem., B, 105, p. 7967Rondinone, A.J., Samia, A.C.S., Zhang, Z.J., (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., 76, p. 3624Kodama, R.H., Berkowitz, A.E., (1999) Phys. Rev., B59, p. 6321Smit, Wijn, H.P.J., (1959) Ferrites, , Gloeilampenfabriken, Eindhoven, Hollan
Electrochemical synthesis: Monoclinic Cu 2 Se nano-dendrites with high performance for supercapacitors
No full textAbstract not availableS.K. Shinde, G.S. Ghodake, D.P. Dubal, Rahul V. Patel, R.G. Saratale, D.-Y. Kim, N.C. Maile, R.R. Koli, H.D. Dhaygude, V.J. Fular
Chloris montana Roxburgh 1832
No full textChloris montana Roxburgh (1832: 329). Lectotype (hic designatus):—[Illustration] Roxburgh Icon (inedit.) No. 882 [Figure 1 in the middle and its dissected spikelet on the lower left-hand-side], (https://archive.bsi.gov.in/botanical-details?link=549T3936S79423IX, CAL icon!) (Fig. 1). Notes on lectotypification:— Roxburgh (1832), for his new species Chloris montana, merely cited the locality as “This is a native of mountainous tracts only”; he neither cited nor indicated any collection or illustration. In order to typify the preceding species name, searches for the specimen(s) used by him were made in several herbaria, viz., A, B, BM, BR, C, E, G, K, FI, G, LIV, NY, OXF, P, PH, TCD, and UPS in which many of Roxburgh’s collections are housed (Stapfleu & Cowan 1983, Robinson 2008). However, no suitable specimen was located. Alternatively, since Roxburgh’s Flora Indica drawings housed at CAL and K can serve as the original materials for the typification of Roxburgh species names, we looked for an appropriate uncited drawing. In this regard, we located Roxburgh’s icon No. 882 (inedit.) at CAL. The drawing of floral parts with annotations by the author certainly agrees well with the description of C. montana and depicts the species characters adequately. The (Fig. 1) shows characteristic villous peduncle (albeit in the field some forms also exhibit completely glabrous peduncle), non-spherical and non-inflated glabrous sterile florets—are in combination constitute distinguishing features of this species. Since no known original specimen seems to exist, this illustration (No. 882) is perfectly agreeing with the protologue is selected as the lectotype of C. montana in conformity with an Art. 9.12, Schenzen Code (Turland et al. 2018).Published as part of Landge, Shahid Nawaz & Shinde, Rajendra D., 2022, Lectotypification of Chloris montana (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) and taxonomic notes on a few species from India, pp. 243-252 in Phytotaxa 550 (3) on page 244, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/665099
Institutional Innovation: Case study of sustenance of solar electrification projects in Rural India: Innovating institutions with technological innovations
No full textMore than 200 million Indians are without electricity, and the majority lies in the rural areas, where the central grid fails to reach due to unreliable distribution and inconsistent terrain. The solutions that reach include majorly, decentralized energy resources via solar micro-grids, or solar home systems. New projects of energy sharing are coming up which allows a household to become a consumer, as well as a producer of energy in case of excess and sell it to make profit. But these projects fail within few years due to number of social, technical, cultural, political, and environmental dynamic factors playing role in the community. Thus, the research question is raised that “Given the dynamics of rural communities of India, how can socio-technical systems of solar electrification be sustained?" This project develops an institutional innovation framework that helps answer this question. The framework is conceptualized and operationalized to understand that how the institutions around these factors can be changed by the community and individual actions in such socio-technical innovations and infrastructure systems. The study follows empirical analysis and develops simulation model (agent based model) for the case study of rural solar electrification in India, which helps in developing the institutions. The case study and the framework together emphasizes the importance of the institutional innovation approach, where institutions need to be adapted and diffused within the community to make the sustenance of the project possible in various domains. The final results show that new type of projects, labelled as hybrid projects, would be most sustained. These would be sharing projects and would only use the existing micro grids, when there is higher demand. Also, it emphasizes on the need to look at institutions development, not just as a collective perspective which happens with interactions of actions, but also a perspective of majority or collection of actions. The policies generated at two levels of usage (prioritization of resource usage, constraints on resource usage, etc.), and for acceptance of innovations (co-operative shops, in-house manufacturing, etc.) prove to help the sustenance of these electrification systems further
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