26 research outputs found
Tectonic Approach in Landscape Architecture: A Review
No full textTectonic theory is an integrative philosophy that examined the relations formed between design, construction, and space while create or experience architecture. Various tectonic perspectives since 1852 considering ‘space’ as an important parameter in tectonic were reviewed. This study aimed at proposing a new definition of landscape tectonics and exploring ways of developing new related aspects in future research. Hence, in order to promote new aspects of landscape, the tectonic approach was first subdivided into distinct concepts and a systematic analysis of the literature was then conducted to identify the knowledge gaps. A descriptive-relative study was, further, carried on including a bibliometric methodology collecting qualitative and quantitative methods of 54 articles; and the related themes and trends were determined via a qualitative comparison of the co-occurrence of the term maps. Moreover, the cluster maps from the VOS viewer program revealed the coalescence of the concepts. Finally, the most frequently cited keywords, along with the ones encoded from the articles, were pointed out based on the Web of Science (WoS) database. Based on this database, the most cited keywords were configuration, distribution pattern, land and fragment; whereas encoding the articles pointed out the terms architecture, building, space, material and environment. This study, therefore, proposes a new definition of landscape tectonic. Investigating new interactions between keywords and areas of tectonic and opened a new page for the development of the new aspects of this field in future researches.La teoria tectònica és una filosofia integradora que examina les relacions que es formen entre el disseny, la construcció i l'espai en crear o experimentar l'arquitectura. Es van revisar diverses perspectives tectòniques des de 1852 considerant l'espai com un paràmetre important en la tectònica. Aquest estudi va tenir com a objectiu proposar una nova definició de tectònica del paisatge i explorar maneres de desenvolupar nous aspectes relacionats en futures investigacions. Per tant, per promoure nous aspectes del paisatge, l'enfocament tectònic primer es va subdividir en conceptes diferents i després es va fer una anàlisi sistemàtica de la literatura per identificar les llacunes de coneixement. Es va realitzar a més un estudi descriptiu-relatiu incloent una metodologia bibliomètrica recollint mètodes qualitatius i quantitatius de 54 articles; i els temes i tendències relacionats es van determinar mitjançant una comparació qualitativa de la coexistència dels mapes de termes. A més, els mapes de conglomerats del programa de visualització VOS van revelar la fusió dels conceptes. Finalment, es van assenyalar les paraules clau més citades, juntament amb les codificades als articles, a partir de la base de dades Web of Science (WoS). Segons aquesta base de dades, les paraules clau més esmentades van ser configuració, patró de distribució, terreny i fragment; mentre que la codificació dels articles assenyalava els termes arquitectura, edificació, espai, material i medi ambient. Aquest estudi, doncs, proposa una nova definició de paisatge tectònic. Investigar noves interaccions entre paraules clau i àrees de tectònica i va obrir una nova pàgina per desenvolupar nous aspectes d'aquest camp en futures investigacions.Urban Desig
The Russia-Ukraine war, soaring food prices, and the Turkish economy: insights from computable general equilibrium
Get PDFThe ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine has led to considerable human suffering and raised concerns regarding the potential implications for the global economy. Türkiye, as a neighboring country and a major player in the region, maintains close ties with Ukraine and Russia and heavily relies on agricultural imports from both countries making it susceptible to market shocks caused by the war. In this research paper, we examine the economic impact of war-induced soaring food prices on the Turkish economy using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, which is a widely used tool for simulating the effects of shocks and policy changes on a country’s economy. We considered two utility functions with varying elasticity parameters to explore both micro-level and macro-level impacts of the price shock, encompassing household demand, industrial production, price and trade dynamics, income, investment, and welfare implications. The findings reveal significant effects on agricultural imports of crops (wheat, maize, barley, rice, and cereal grains), fruit and vegetables, and oil products, leading to an increase in both import and domestic prices, resulting in food inflation in the country. Additionally, the findings show that while the trade balance for the agricultural sector improved, the services, manufacturing, and forestry sectors have experienced an increased trade deficit. Furthermore, the war has caused a decline in foreign direct investment flowing into the country. Finally, the war-led price shock resulted in an estimated income loss of 0.2 or 0.8 percent of real GDP depending on the utility function, and a significant welfare loss. Based on these findings, several policy recommendations were discussed. The findings of the study highlight the importance of considering the interplay between food prices and micro and macroeconomic indicators
Spatial fragmentation as an opportunity for resilience building through urban acupuncture: Learning from Tehran and Bucharest
No full textThe rapid urbanization of metropolitan environments worldwide has led to increasing spatial fragmentation. Disconnected spaces have revealed spatial and social voids that reduce the adaptive capacity of a region. However, these spaces also offer latent potential for urban resilience. Accordingly, this study reveals how urban acupuncture promotes resilience in leftover spaces to reduce or embrace spatial fragmentation. This paper reviews spatial fragmentation and urban resilience from descriptive-analytical and normative perspectives. It proposes urban acupuncture to locate critical spatial structures and processes on a small scale. The study develops a conceptual framework around fragmentation and urban acupuncture. It investigates the assumptions behind the concepts of spatial fragmentation and proposes a dialectical framing of vacancy based on resilience and urban acupuncture, along with a reassessment of leftover space as a planning tool. The framework’s application is demonstrated in Tehran and Bucharest. As a result, spatial fragmentation significantly influences urban resilience to prevent expansion. Urban acupuncture opens the possibility of developing optimistic scenarios by considering leftover spaces and the broader opportunities they generate for urban resilience. Depending on the urban context, this strategy can be applied through a single intervention in a specific place or a network of coordinated interventions in different locations.Urban Desig
Small Urban Green Spaces: Insights into Perception, Preference, and Psychological Well-being in a Densely Populated Areas of Tehran, Iran
No full textIn metropolitan areas worldwide, abandoned properties are prevalent, prompting a need for small urban green spaces (SUGS) to meet the growing demand. Understanding residents’ preferences and perceptions of transformed spaces is vital for effective urban design. This study delves into residents’ preferences and perceptions regarding the transformation of such spaces into SUGS and their impact on psychological well-being. By examining how these preferences and perceived health benefits shape the value of transformed spaces, the research aims to inform effective urban design strategies. The participants underwent visual stimulation, with psychological reactions recorded through Electroencephalogram (EEG) readings and assessed via Questionnaire. Machine learning techniques analyzed EEG sub-band data, achieving an average accuracy of 92.8% when comparing leftover and designed spaces. Results revealed that different types of transformed spaces provoke distinct physiological and preference responses. Specifically, viewing SUGS was associated with significant changes in gamma wave power, suggesting a correlation between enhanced gamma activity and increased feelings of empathy. Moreover, participants also reported enhanced comfort, relaxation, and overall mood, and a strong preference for SUGS over untransformed spaces, emphasizing the value placed on these areas for their health benefits. This research highlights the positive impact of even SUGS on mental health, using EEG data to assess emotional states triggered by urban spaces. The study concludes with a call for further research to investigate the long-term benefits of SUGS on well-being, alongside an exploration of the gamma band as a neural marker for emotional restoration in urban green spaces. This research highlights the crucial role of urban design in fostering psychological well-being through the strategic development of green spaces, suggesting a paradigm shift toward more inclusive, health-promoting urban environments.Urban Desig
An application on the balloon formation in borsa ıstanbul stock returns
No full textAkkaya, Murat (Arel Author)Finansal piyasalarda olumsuz etkileri bulunan balonlar araştırmacıların ilgisini çeken konulardan birisidir. 2008 Küresel kriz ve sonrasında ise araştırmacıların üzerinde sıklıkla durduğu konuların başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye hisse senedi piyasasında Ocak 2002- Mart 2017 döneminde gerçekleşen balonların ve bu balonların oluşumunda etkili olan değişkenlerin belirlenmesidir. Analiz için Lojistik Regresyon ve Eş bütünleşme testleri kullanılmıştır. Lojistik Regresyon ve Granger Nedensellik testi sonuçlarında Yurtdışı Yerleşiklerin Hisse Senedi Portföyü ve Borsa İstanbul Getiri Endeksindeki balonlar arasında ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca İhracat, Reel Döviz Kuru, ABD Doları 1 Aylık Faizi ve Yurtdışı Yerleşiklerin Hisse Senedi Portföyü Borsa İstanbul Getiri Endeksindeki balonların Granger nedenidir
Moderating Resistances: The Reproduction of Muslim Religious Space in the Dutch East Indies
Get PDFThis study seeks to historically elaborate on the roots of moderate Islam, focusing on the productive practices towards religious spaces in the Dutch colonial periods in the East Indies. It analyses the strategic changes in the Dutch reproduction of religious space during the Aceh War and the Sarekat Islam periods. The author argues that the Dutch government frequently seized Muslim religious space to secure its colonial power. The colonial government reproduced Muslim religious space in these two eras, representing symbolic support for the Dutch colonial hegemony. The appropriation of religious space was a spatial strategy to perpetuate the hegemony in social space. This study concludes that the reproduction of Muslim space represented a moderate position towards the Dutch colonial hegemony. Meanwhile, counter-space emerged to reverse such moderating practices. By counter-space, the Dutch moderating efforts on socio-religious space were contested, opposed, and condemned.[Kajian ini berupaya menguraikan secara historis akar Islam moderat, dengan fokus pada praktik produksi ruang keagamaan pada masa penjajahan Belanda di Indonesia. Analisis difokuskan pada perubahan strategi pemerintah kolonial Belanda dalam melakukan reproduksi ruang keagamaan selama periode Perang Aceh dan Sarekat Islam. Pemerintah Belanda sering merebut ruang keagamaan umat Islam untuk mengamankan kekuasaannya. Pemerintah kolonial mereproduksi ruang keagamaan umat Islam pada dua era tersebut sebagai merupakan simbol dukungan terhadap hegemoni kolonial Belanda. Perampasan ruang keagamaan merupakan strategi spasial untuk melanggengkan hegemoni atas ruang sosial. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa reproduksi ruang keagamaan Islam merepresentasikan posisi moderat terhadap hegemoni kolonial. Sementara itu, ruang perlawanan muncul untuk membalikkan praktik-praktik moderasi tersebut. Melalui ruang perlawanan ini, upaya-upaya moderasi pemerintah kolonial Belanda dalam bidang sosial-keagamaan ditentang, ditantang, dan dikecam.
Translation of special texts from English into Russian: modern approaches to quality assessment
No full textTranslation quality assessment is an urgent and complex problem, which is widely discussed by both theoretical researchers and practicing translators but today there is no single solution for this task. This article highlights and describes three approaches to assessing the quality of special translation: scientific, normative, including standards as well as practical guides, and formalized. The author demonstrates synergetic effect of combination of these three approaches
Transforming Leftover Spaces into a Resilient Urban Landscape in Tehran: A MICMAC analysis of Key Social-Ecological Factors
No full textConcerning resilient urban landscapes, current research emphasizes that we can no longer ignore ecological systems and social aspects. Thus, planning and design approaches must fundamentally address public needs and preferences. This research focuses on resilience from a community, infrastructure, social-ecological perspective, while there are still considerable gaps in integrated and holistic views on resilience. Moreover, providing more public spaces is a challenge, especially in cities with a high population density. Considering vacancy as an underexplored resource for socio-ecological benefits, this study intends to demonstrate how intervention in urban leftover spaces can transform into socio-ecological landscapes contributing to urban resilience. Moreover, choosing the design intervention will directly influence the vacancy; therefore, user preferences should be considered. With an analysis of critical aspects through experts’ opinions of landscape resilience in leftover spaces, the paper shows that Flexibility was the most effective, while Activity affected most properties. Also, to focus on human preferences, a questionnaire was distributed among 386 residents. The findings suggest that the diversity and density of trees, type of activity, and water may create resilient urban landscapes and provoke satisfaction. The study results might inform particular research projects and interventions that consider landscape as a resource for resilience.Urban Desig
Mirage or oasis? Iranian immigrant nurses share their stories of working in overseas healthcare settings: a phenomenological hermeneutic study
Get PDFBackground and objectiveDespite the significant increase in the emigration of Iranian nurses to other countries, there is still a lack of understanding about their experiences and outcomes within healthcare settings abroad. Therefore, this study aimed to narrate the life stories of Iranian immigrant nurses who have practiced nursing in healthcare settings overseas.MethodsThis study utilized a qualitative design and employed the hermeneutic phenomenological approach to collect and analyze data. A total of 12 in-depth and unstructured interviews were conducted with six Iranian immigrant nurses. The participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The interviews were conducted on Skype from March 2023 to January 2024. The collected data was analyzed using the Van Manen method with the assistance of MAXQDA software. The trustworthiness of the study findings was ensured by following the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research.ResultsThe experiences of Iranian immigrant nurses working in overseas healthcare settings are a complex blend of challenges and opportunities, often resembling mirages and oases. Through data analysis, this study revealed two main themes: “Immigration Mirage” and “Immigration Oasis.” These themes shed light on the numerous challenges faced by Iranian immigrant nurses as they strive to improve their professional identity.ConclusionThe experiences of Iranian immigrant nurses working abroad involve challenges such as communication barriers, discrimination, and acculturation, as well as opportunities for professional growth and higher remuneration. Their contributions to global healthcare should be recognized and supported, and addressing their specific needs is crucial for enhancing healthcare systems
