504 research outputs found
Insight into the early steps of root hair formation revealed by the procuste1 cellulose synthase mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana
Get PDFBackground: formation of plant root hairs originating from epidermal cells involves selection of a polar initiation site and production of an initial hair bulge which requires local cell wall loosening. In Arabidopsis the polar initiation site is located towards the basal end of epidermal cells. However little is currently understood about the mechanism for the selection of the hair initiation site or the mechanism by which localised hair outgrowth is achieved. The Arabidopsis procuste1 (prc1-1) cellulose synthase mutant was studied in order to investigate the role of the cell wall loosening during the early stages of hair formation. Results: the prc1-1 mutant exhibits uncontrolled, preferential bulging of trichoblast cells coupled with mislocalised hair positioning. Combining the prc1-1 mutant with root hair defective6-1 (rhd6-1), which on its own is almost completely devoid of root hairs results in a significant restoration of root hair formation. The pEXPANSIN7::GFP (pEXP7::GFP) marker which is specifically expressed in trichoblast cell files of wild-type roots, is absent in the rhd6-1 mutant. However, pEXP7::GFP expression in the rhd6-1/prc1-1 double mutant is restored in a subset of epidermal cells which have either formed a root hair or exhibit a bulged phenotype consistent with a function for EXP7 during the early stages of hair formation. Conclusion: these results show that RHD6 acts upstream of the normal cell wall loosening event which involves EXP7 expression and that in the absence of a functional RHD6 the loosening and accompanying EXP7 expression is blocked. In the prc1-1 mutant background, the requirement for RHD6 during hair initiation is reduced which may result from a weaker cell wall structure mimicking the cell wall loosening events during hair formation
Administración colonial y cultura escrita. Reflexiones acerca de las prácticas de poder y del papel de los archivos bajo Felipe II
No full textGrebe M-A. Administración colonial y cultura escrita. Reflexiones acerca de las prácticas de poder y del papel de los archivos bajo Felipe II. In: Thies S, Job B, eds. Colonialism and the Culture of Writing - Language and Cultural Contact in Colonial Discourse Traditions. Guadalajara; Submitted
Factors affecting nesting success in the Great-crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus at Lake Tonga, north-east Algeria
No full textThe breeding ecology of the Great-crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus was investigated over four consecutive years (2009–2012) at Lake Tonga, north-east Algeria. In all four years, the egg-laying period was relatively short, spanning two months (end of March to end of May), and bimodal. Nests were mainly located in Phragmites australis, over water of substantial depth (178 ± 43 cm, N = 209), far from the shore and in habitat with low vegetation cover (12.37 ± 7.67%, N = 209). The overall clutch size was 3.73 ± 0.92 eggs (N = 127) and it decreased marginally over time. The overall nesting success was 70.4% (N = 209), with nest failure caused mainly by predation (65%) and flooding (23%). Breeding outcome was significantly and positively related to nest size, with bigger nests conferring better survival to eggs and young probably through affording better protection during spells of adverse weather. However, the benefits of bigger nests may be confounded by the age or intrinsic quality of birds. The location of nests in P. australis, rather than other vegetation types, increased nesting success marginally but significantly. Two cases of interspecific mixed clutches involving the Great-crested Grebe were recorded.Keywords: breeding, mixed clutches, nest-site selection, nest size, North Africa, Podiceps cristatus, waterbird
Civil society leadership in the struggle for AIDS treatment in South Africa and Uganda
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.This thesis is an attempt to theorise and operationalise empirically the notion of ‘civil society leadership’ in Sub-Saharan Africa. ‘AIDS leadership,’ which is associated with the intergovernmental institutions charged with coordinating the global response to HIV/AIDS, is both under-theorised and highly context-specific. In this study I therefore opt for an inclusive framework that draws on a range of approaches, including the literature on ‘leadership’, institutions, social movements and the ‘network’ perspective on civil society mobilisation. This framework is employed in rich and detailed empirical descriptions (‘thick description’) of civil society mobilisation around AIDS, including contentious AIDS activism, in the key case studies of South Africa and Uganda. South Africa and Uganda are widely considered key examples of poor and good leadership (from national political leaders) respectively, while the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) and The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) are both seen as highly effective civil society movements. These descriptions emphasise ‘transnational networks of influence’ in which civil society leaders participated (and at times actively constructed) in order to mobilise both symbolic and material resources aimed at exerting influence at the transnational, national and local levels
Extreme heterogeneity in CARD15 and DLG5 Crohn disease-associated polymorphisms between German and Norwegian populations
No full textThe first gene associated with Crohn disease ( CD) has been identified as CARD15 (16q12). Three variants, R702W, G908R and 1007fsinsC are strongly and independently associated with the disease. A second gene, conveying a smaller risk for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has been identified as DLG5 (10q23). We assess the frequency of the CARD15 SNPs and of the R30Q mutation in DLG5 and their contribution to the development of CD in a cohort of unrelated IBD patients ( 151 CD, 325 ulcerative colitis (UC)) and healthy controls ( 236) from South-east Norway (IBSEN cohort). Genotype-based tests of population differentiation using 23 SNPs across CARD15, together with estimates of F-ST, indicated that the German and Norwegian background populations could be differentiated at the CARD15 locus. The Norwegian and German CD samples exhibited particularly strong differentiation at the three predisposing loci and those marking their background haplotype. There were significantly lower frequencies of the CARD15 SNPs and no significant association with CD in the Norwegian samples. Only a marginal association was observed for the subphenotypes ileitis and ileocolitis vs colitis ( P = 0.048). The population attributable risk percentage ( PAR%) for CARD15 variants in the Norwegian cohort is the lowest reported for a European population ( 1.88%), except Iceland. Similarly, the DLG5 variant showed no association with CD or IBD, however, there was a negative correlation with stricture ( P = 0.035). The present results are consistent with an emerging pattern of a low frequency of the CARD15 variants in Northern countries where the prevalence of IBD is greatest
Heringer와 Gerbe의 Topologie 比較와 이의 問題点
No full textThis thesis deals mainly with the comparison of the typology between Heringer and Grebe in german. Both Heringer and Grebe are of the same dependence-grammar, but each has his own characteristics as shown below.
1. Heringer ..... Valence on the expression plane. → Calculation of the indices.
2. Grebe ........ Valence on the expression plane + Valence on the content plane → Calculation of the indices is impossible. (because valence on the expression plane and valence on the content plane are not always coincident.)
Therefore my research tried to cover the following questions :
1. What are differences, coincidences and problems of typology between Heringer and Grebe?
2. What are the reasons of them?
3. What are the view-points of other school of german grammar about these problems?
To give proper answer to the above questions this paper arranged in the follows order :
1. Explanation about Heringer's and Grebe's typology.
2. Comparison of the typology between Heringer and Grebe.
a. Chart.
b. Differences of conceptions.
C. Coincidences of their typology.
d. Differences of their typology.
3. Problems of their sentencetyps, which should be solved in any way.ABSTRACT
Ⅰ. 序論 = 1
Ⅱ. 本論 = 6
Ⅱ.1. Heringer의 Typologie 說明. = 6
Ⅱ.1.1. Heringer 의 Satz 分析. = 6
Ⅱ.1.2. V_(i)에 對하여 = 11
Ⅱ.1.3. VEBK^j_i.에 對하여 = 13
Ⅱ.1.4. PA_i,에 對하여 = 15
Ⅱ.2. Grebe의 Typolosie 設明. = 19
Ⅱ.2.1. Grebe의 Satz 分析. = 19
Ⅱ.2.2. 自動詞 Gruppe.(Zustands-, vorgangs- und Ta¨tigkei-tssa¨tze) = 21
Ⅱ.2.3. 他動詞 Gruppe(Handlungssa¨tze) = 25
Ⅱ.3. Heringer와 Grebe의 Satztypen 比較. = 28
Ⅱ.3.1. 圖表. = 28
Ⅱ.3.2. 槪念差異. = 31
Ⅱ.3.3. 兩者의 共同 Satztyren. = 34
Ⅱ.3.4. 兩者 Satztypen의 差異点 = 35
Ⅱ.3.4.1. Grebe에 있고 Heringer에 없는것. = 35
Ⅱ.3.4.2. Heringer에 있고 Grebe에 없는것. = 37
Ⅱ.3.4.3. Heringer의 Valenz가 Grebe에서 細分된 것. = 47
Ⅱ.3.4.4 Grebe의 Grdf.이 Heringer 에서 細分된것. = 48
Ⅲ. 結論 = 50
Ⅲ.1. 兩者 Satgtypen의 問題点. = 50
Ⅲ.1.1. Dativ 問題 = 50
Ⅲ.1.2. Sich 問題 = 52
Ⅲ.1.3. es 問題 = 54
Ⅲ.1.4. Grebe Sonderform에 對한 問題点. = 56
Ⅲ.1.5. Angabe와 Eranszung에 對하여. = 58
Ⅲ.1.6. Transformation에 對하여 = 59
Abku¨rzung = 60
參考文獻 = 6
Vulvar cancer: a review for dermatologists.
No full textVulvar malignancies are important tumors of the female reproductive system. They represent a serious health issue with an incidence between 2 and 7 per 100,000 and year. We provide a review about most important cancer entities, i.e., melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine cancer, and skin adnexal malignancies.Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common vulvar malignancy that can develop from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia or de novo. Basal cell carcinoma represents only 2 % of all vulvar cancers. Melanoma of the vulva exists in two major types-superficial spreading and acral lentiginous. A special feature is the occurrence of multiple vulvar melanomas. Of the adnexal cancer types Paget's disease and carcinoma are seen more frequently than other adnexal malignancies. The dermatologist should be aware of this problem, since he might be the first to be consulted by patients for vulvar disease. Treatment should be interdisciplinary in close association to gynecologists, oncologists, and radiologists
Cabussó gran, Somormujo Macachón (VER0000061)
No full textAltres noms vulgars: Great Grebe (Anglès), Grand Grèbe (Francès), Magellantaucher (Alemany)Gabinet de Vertebrats (Departament de Zoologia), Facultat de Ciències Biològiques (Campus de Burjassot), C/ Doctor Moliner, s/n, Bloque B. 5é plant, Burjassot (Valencia). Armari: 9-1La Albufer
Postmortem health and pollution investigation on harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) of the Islands Helgoland and Sylt
No full textHelgoland and Sylt are important centers of tourism in the North Sea. Harbor and grey seals are one reason for the attraction of these islands. However, little is known about these local seal groups. The present post mortem health and pollution study describes a multiparameter investigation of five ill harbor seals which were shot for animal welfare reasons. Firstly, results of pathology and blood investigations support the bad prognosis of survival made in the field. Signs of inflammation in organs, malnutrition, a high-stress level, and reduced thyroid activity were found. Secondly, metal and organic contaminants were investigated. Metal pollutants in blood, liver, muscle, and kidney tissue were not elevated. Lead and mercury concentrations showed a decreased level
compared to former studies. Additionally, interesting insights were found for several organic contaminants in comparison with other studies. The Helgoland seals may be influenced by the contaminants of the Elbe plume
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