29 research outputs found
Critical role of toll-like receptors in modulating GM-CSF activity in rodent models of colitis
No full textReasons for the sharp increase of genital chlamydia infections reported in the first months of 2007 in Sweden
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Socio-demographic Characteristics, Sexual and Test-Seeking Behaviours Amongst Men Who have Sex with Both Men and Women: Results from a Bio-behavioural Survey in 13 European Cities
No full textWithin the MSM population, men who have sex with both men and women (MSMW) are identified as a high-risk group both worldwide and in Europe. In a multi centred bio-behavioural cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the relationship(s) between socio-demographic factors, stigma, sexual behavioural patterns, test seeking behaviour and sero-status amongst MSMW. A multi-level analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with being MSMW versus Men who have Sex with Men Only (MSMO). A total of 4901 MSM were enrolled across the13 study sites. Participants were categorised as MSMW in the 12.64% of the cases. Factors such as educational status, perceived homonegativity, testing facilities knowledge and HIV testing lifetime seem to be relevant factors when characterising the MSMW group. The results highlight the vulnerability of MSMW and the wide spectrum of risky behavioural and psycho-social patterns, particularly interms of HIV testing, ‘outness', and perceived stigma
More on -semiopen sets
No full textIn 1963, Levine [2] introduced the notion of semi-open sets which is weaker than the notion of open sets in topological spaces. Since then several interesting generalized open sets came to existence. In 1968, Velicko [5] introduced -open sets, which are stronger than open sets, in order to investigate the characterization of H-closed spaces. In 1997, Park et al.[4] have offered a new notion called -semiopen sets which are stronger than semi-open sets but weaker than -open sets. They also studied the relationships between these sets and several other types of open sets. It is the aim of this paper to offer some weak separation axioms by utilizing -semiopen sets and the -semi-closure operator
Process evaluation of a bio-behavioural HIV research combined with prevention among GBMSM in 13 European countries
No full textComparative European data using Second Generation Surveillance System (SGSS) are scarce among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men. This study evaluated the implementation of Sialon II, a bio-behavioural HIV research combined with targeted HIV prevention in 13 European cities conducted in collaboration with community partners. A mixed-methods process evaluation assessed the project's coverage, outputs, quality, challenges and opportunities for improvement. Data collected through structured questionnaire from 71 data collectors from community-based organisations and semi-structured interviews with 17 managers of participating gay venues were analysed. Overall implementation was successful, achieving 4901 valid behavioural questionnaires and obtaining 4716 biological samples. Challenges in conducting bio-behavioural research in gay venues related to strict research protocols and unfavourable characteristics of venues. Formative research, collaboration with community gay venues, and offering HIV prevention emerged as facilitators. Community researchers' training was crucial for fidelity to research protocols, increased trust amongst communities and enabled data collectors to effectively address practical problems in the field. Scientifically sound SGSS with community participation is feasible and allows for including 'hard-to-reach' populations. Prevention benefits include awareness raising, capacity building and sexual health promotion in gay venues. The findings are beneficial for epidemiological research among other HIV key populations
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textA variant of Chlamydia trachomatis that had escaped detection by commonly used systems was discovered in Sweden in 2006. In a nationwide study, we found that it is now prevalent across Sweden, irrespective of the detection system used. Genetic analysis by multilocus sequence typing identified a predominant variant, suggesting recent emergence
On functions between generalized topological spaces
No full text[EN] This paper investigates generalized topological spaces and functions between such spaces from the perspective of change of generalized topology. In particular, it considers the preservation of generalized connectedness properties by various classes of functions betweengeneralized topological spaces.Bayhan, S.; Kanibir, A.; Reilly, IL. (2013). On functions between generalized topological spaces. Applied General Topology. 14(2):195-203. https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2013.1588SWORD195203142Bai, S.-Z., & Zuo, Y.-P. (2010). On g-α-irresolute functions. Acta Mathematica Hungarica, 130(4), 382-389. doi:10.1007/s10474-010-0014-xS. G. Crossley and S. K. Hildebrand, Semi-topological properties, Fund. Math. 74 (1972), 233-254.Császár, Á. (2005). Generalized open sets in generalized topologies. Acta Mathematica Hungarica, 106(1-2), 53-66. doi:10.1007/s10474-005-0005-5Császár, Á. (2002). Acta Mathematica Hungarica, 96(4), 351-357. doi:10.1023/a:1019713018007Császár, Á. (2003). -connected sets. Acta Mathematica Hungarica, 101(4), 273-279. doi:10.1023/b:amhu.0000004939.57085.9eCsászár, Á. (2007). Normal generalized topologies. Acta Mathematica Hungarica, 115(4), 309-313. doi:10.1007/s10474-007-5249-9Császár, Á. (2008). δ- and θ-modifications of generalized topologies. Acta Mathematica Hungarica, 120(3), 275-279. doi:10.1007/s10474-007-7136-9D. B. Gauld, M. Mrsevic, I. L. Reilly and M. K. Vamanamurthy, Continuity properties of functions, Colloquia Math. Soc. Janos Bolyai, 41 (1983), 311-322.Levine, N. (1963). Semi-Open Sets and Semi-Continuity in Topological Spaces. The American Mathematical Monthly, 70(1), 36. doi:10.2307/2312781Mashhour, M. Abd. El-Monsef and S. El-Deeb, On precontinuous and weak precontinuous mappings, Proc. Math. Phys. Soc. Egypt 53 (1982), 47-53.Min, W. K. (2009). Almost continuity on generalized topological spaces. Acta Mathematica Hungarica, 125(1-2), 121-125. doi:10.1007/s10474-009-8230-yMin, W. K. (2009). A note on θ(g, g′)-continuity in generalized topological spaces. Acta Mathematica Hungarica, 125(4), 387-393. doi:10.1007/s10474-009-9075-0Min, W. K. (2010). (δ,δ′)-continuity on generalized topological spaces. Acta Mathematica Hungarica, 129(4), 350-356. doi:10.1007/s10474-010-0036-4Mršević, M., Reilly, I. L., & Vamanamurthy, M. K. (1985). On semi-regularization topologies. Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A. Pure Mathematics and Statistics, 38(1), 40-54. doi:10.1017/s1446788700022588Reilly, I. L., & Vamanamurthy, M. K. (1985). On α-continuity in topological spaces. Acta Mathematica Hungarica, 45(1-2), 27-32. doi:10.1007/bf01955019Shen, R.-X. (2008). A note on generalized connectedness. Acta Mathematica Hungarica, 122(3), 231-235. doi:10.1007/s10474-008-8009-6N. V. Velicko, H-closed topological spaces, Mat. Sbornik 70 (112) (1966), 98-112
Prevalence of drug use during sex amongst MSM in Europe: results from a multi-site bio-behavioural survey
No full textBackground
Substance use has been consistently reported to be more prevalent amongst Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) compared to the general population. Substance use, in particular polydrug use, has been found to be influenced by social and contextual factors and to increase the risk of unprotected intercourse among MSM. The objective of this analysis was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of drug use during a sexual encounter and to identify specific prevention needs.
Methods/Design A multi-site bio-behavioural cross-sectional survey was implemented in 13 European cities, targeting MSM and using Time-Location Sampling and Respondent-Driven Sampling methods. Multivariable multi-level logistic random-intercept model (random effect of study site) was estimated to identify factors associated with the use of alcohol, cannabis, party drugs, sexual performance enhancement drugs and chemsex drugs.
Results
Overall, 1,261 (30.0%) participants reported drug use, and 436 of 3,706 (11.8%) reported the use of two or more drugs during their last sexual encounter. By drug class, 966 (23.0%) reported using sexual performance enhancement drugs, 353 (8.4%) - party drugs, and 142 (3.4%) the use of chemsex drugs. Respondents who reported drug use were more frequently diagnosed with HIV (10.5% vs. 3.9%) before and with other STIs during the 12 months prior to the study (16.7% vs. 9.2%). The use of all the analysed substances was significantly associated with sexual encounter with more than one partner.
Discussion
Substance and polydrug use during sexual encounters occurred amongst sampled MSM across Europe although varying greatly between study sites. Different local social norms within MSM communities may be important contextual drivers of drug use, highlighting the need for innovative and multi-faceted prevention measures to reduce HIV/STI risk in the context of drug use
<xhtml:span xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">Travel-associated gonorrhoea in four Nordic countries, 2008&#160;to&#160;2013</xhtml:span>
No full textTravel may be associated with a higher risk of gonorrhoea and infection by antibiotic-resistant strains. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk for gonorrhoea among travellers from four Nordic European countries using surveillance data and to identify at-risk travellers to help target interventions. We retrieved gonorrhoea surveillance data from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden and tourism denominator data from the Statistical Office of the European Union. A travel-associated case of gonorrhoea was defined as one for which the reported country of infection differed from the reporting country. During 2008−2013, the four countries reported 3,224 travel-associated gonorrhoea cases, of which 53% were among individuals below 35 years of age. The overall risk associated with travel abroad was 2.4 cases per million nights abroad. The highest risk was observed with travel to Asia (9.4). Cases more likely to be reported as travel-associated were: males, heterosexuals of both sexes, people older than 65 years, and foreign-born individuals. More effective interventions targeting young adults and other at-risk groups are needed. The use of travel-planning websites and social media should be explored further.</jats:p
Concerning nearly metrizable spaces
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of near metrizability for topological spaces, which is strictly weaker than the concept of metrizability. A number of characterizations of nearly metrizable spaces is achieved here as analogues of the corresponding ones for metrizable spaces. It is seen that near metrizability is a natural idea vis-a-vis near paracompactness, playing the similar role as played by paracompactness with regard to metrizabilityMukherjee, MN.; Mandal, D. (2013). Concerning nearly metrizable spaces. Applied General Topology. 14(2):135-145. https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2013.1583SWORD135145142N. Ergun, A note on nearly paracompactness, Yokahama Math. Jour. 31 (1983), 21-25.Herrington, L. L. (1974). Properties of nearly-compact spaces. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 45(3), 431-431. doi:10.1090/s0002-9939-1974-0346748-3Kovacevic, On nearly paracomapct spaces, Publ. Inst. Math. 25 (1979), 63-69.Mršević, M., Reilly, I. L., & Vamanamurthy, M. K. (1985). On semi-regularization topologies. Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A. Pure Mathematics and Statistics, 38(1), 40-54. doi:10.1017/s1446788700022588M. N. Mukherjee and D. Mandal, On some new characterizations of near paracompactness and associated results, Mat. Vesnik 65 (3) (2013), 334-345.M. K. Singal and S. P. Arya, On almost regular spaces, Glasnik Mat. 4 (24) (1969), 89-99.M. K. Singal and S. P. Arya, On nearly paracompact spaces, Mat. Vesnik 6 (21) (1969), 3-16.M. K. Singal and A. Mathur, On nearly compact spaces, Boll. Un. Mat. Ital. 4 (1969), 702-710.L. A. Steen and J. A. Seebach, Counterexamples in Topology, Spinger-Verlag, New York (1970).N. V. Velicko, H-closed topological spaces, Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. 78 (1968), 103-118
