912 research outputs found
The application of vascular immune organoids from human pluripotent stem cells in cancer immunotherapy and SARS-CoV-2 modeling
No full textOrganoid technology has advanced our understanding of development and disease models. Organoids derived from either human pluripotent stem cells or tissue stem cells offer us the amenable platform to genetically intervene in human organ development. The advance of genetic engineering and stem cell technology pushed the limit of what organoids can do. However, the current lack of both vasculatures and immune cells hinders the understanding of how vasculatures and immune cells regulate organ development as well as their role in pathologic conditions such as cancer and infection. We have previously established a unique organoid system from human pluripotent stem cells (Ohta et al., 2019; Sugimura et al., 2020, 2017). Followed by mesodermal patterning and hemato-endothelial specification with define factors, we achieved vascular immune organoids (VIOs). We identified the highly vascularized structure of VIOs. The repertoire of cells encompasses innate immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, erythroblasts, and NK cells, which demonstrated functional maturity. In this talk, we will share our recent efforts in i) engineering functional immune cells for cancer immunotherapy, ii) modeling vasculitis in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We propose that VIOs could further enhance the organoid technology in both cancer immunotherapy and SARS-CoV-2 modeling. References Ohta, R., Sugimura, R., Niwa, A., Saito, M.K., 2019. Hemogenic Endothelium Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in A Feeder- and Xeno-free Defined Condition. J. Vis. Exp. JoVE. https://doi.org/10.3791/59823 Sugimura, R., Jha, D.K., Han, A., Soria-Valles, C., da Rocha, E.L., Lu, Y.-F., Goettel, J.A., Serrao, E., Rowe, R.G., Malleshaiah, M., Wong, I., Sousa, P., Zhu, T.N., Ditadi, A., Keller, G., Engelman, A.N., Snapper, S.B., Doulatov, S., Daley, G.Q., 2017. Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Nature 545, 432–438. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22370 Sugimura, R., Ohta, R., Mori, C., Li, A., Mano, T., Sano, E., Kosugi, K., Nakahata, T., Niwa, A., Saito, M.K., Torisawa, Y.-S., 2020. Biomimetic aorta-gonad-Mesonephros-on-a-Chip to study human developmental hematopoiesis. Biomed. Microdevices 22, 34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-020-00488-
The application of vascular immune organoids from human pluripotent stem cells in cancer immunotherapy and SARS-CoV-2 modeling
No full textOrganoid technology has advanced our understanding of development and disease models. Organoids derived from either human pluripotent stem cells or tissue stem cells offer us the amenable platform to genetically intervene in human organ development. The advance of genetic engineering and stem cell technology pushed the limit of what organoids can do. However, the current lack of both vasculatures and immune cells hinders the understanding of how vasculatures and immune cells regulate organ development as well as their role in pathologic conditions such as cancer and infection. We have previously established a unique organoid system from human pluripotent stem cells (Ohta et al., 2019; Sugimura et al., 2020, 2017). Followed by mesodermal patterning and hemato-endothelial specification with define factors, we achieved vascular immune organoids (VIOs). We identified the highly vascularized structure of VIOs. The repertoire of cells encompasses innate immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, erythroblasts, and NK cells, which demonstrated functional maturity. In this talk, we will share our recent efforts in i) engineering functional immune cells for cancer immunotherapy, ii) modeling vasculitis in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We propose that VIOs could further enhance the organoid technology in both cancer immunotherapy and SARS-CoV-2 modeling. References Ohta, R., Sugimura, R., Niwa, A., Saito, M.K., 2019. Hemogenic Endothelium Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in A Feeder- and Xeno-free Defined Condition. J. Vis. Exp. JoVE. https://doi.org/10.3791/59823 Sugimura, R., Jha, D.K., Han, A., Soria-Valles, C., da Rocha, E.L., Lu, Y.-F., Goettel, J.A., Serrao, E., Rowe, R.G., Malleshaiah, M., Wong, I., Sousa, P., Zhu, T.N., Ditadi, A., Keller, G., Engelman, A.N., Snapper, S.B., Doulatov, S., Daley, G.Q., 2017. Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Nature 545, 432–438. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22370 Sugimura, R., Ohta, R., Mori, C., Li, A., Mano, T., Sano, E., Kosugi, K., Nakahata, T., Niwa, A., Saito, M.K., Torisawa, Y.-S., 2020. Biomimetic aorta-gonad-Mesonephros-on-a-Chip to study human developmental hematopoiesis. Biomed. Microdevices 22, 34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-020-00488-
Oocyte maturation and quality: role of cyclic nucleotides
No full textAdvance Publication first posted online on 15 July 2016 - Accepted manuscriptThe cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP, are the key molecules controlling mammalian oocyte meiosis. Their roles in oocyte biology have been at the forefront of oocyte research for decades and many of the long standing controversies in relation to the regulation of oocyte meiotic maturation are now resolved. It is now clear that the follicle prevents meiotic resumption through the actions of natriuretic peptides and cGMP inhibiting the hydrolysis of intra-oocyte cAMP and that the preovulatory gonadotrophin surge reverses these processes. The gonadotrophin surge also leads to a transient spike in cAMP in the somatic compartment of the follicle; research over the past 2 decades has conclusively demonstrated that this surge in cAMP is important for the subsequent developmental capacity of the oocyte. This is important, as oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) systems practiced clinically do not recapitulate this cAMP surge in vitro, possibly accounting for the lower efficiency of IVM compared to clinical IVF. This review focuses in particular on this latter aspect - the role of cAMP/cGMP in the regulation of oocyte quality. We conclude that clinical practice of IVM should reflect this new understanding of the role of cyclic nucleotides, thereby creating a new generation of ART and fertility treatment options.Gilchrist RB, Luciano AM, Richani D, Zeng HT, Wang X, De Vos M, Sugimura S, Smitz J, Richard FJ and Thompson J
Direction of associations between personality traits and educational identity processes: Between‐ and within‐person associations
No full textIntroduction: In adolescence, personality traits and educational identity processes are interwoven. Previous studies have shown that personality traits predict healthy identity commitment and exploration in education. However, the direction of associations between personality traits and an identity process that searches for another identity option (i.e., reconsideration of commitment) is unclear. Furthermore, there is a lack of prospective studies regarding the direction of the association between personality traits and the educational identity process using within-person methods. Therefore, this study examined the direction of these associations. Methods: Participants of this four-wave longitudinal study comprised 618 Japanese 13-year-old adolescents (53.3% girls). This study involved a 1-year-interval assessment. Results: Cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) indicated that four personality traits (neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) predicted three educational identity processes, while reconsideration of commitment predicted two personality traits (i.e., neuroticism and conscientiousness). Random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) indicated that agreeableness predicted healthy commitment, while commitment predicted agreeableness at within-person level. Conclusion: The findings from CLPM suggest that reconsideration of commitment is a significant factor to predict healthy (i.e., conscientiousness) and unhealthy (i.e., neuroticism) personality traits in individual differences. Furthermore, the findings from RI-CLPM suggest that agreeableness may be a key trait in promoting healthy educational identity commitment. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed
Adolescents’ Identity Development Predicts the Transition and the Adjustment to Tertiary Education or Work
No full textAlthough identity development is crucial in individuals’ psychological adjustment from adolescence to adulthood, little is known about its impact in the transition to tertiary education or work. This study examined whether identity development during high school predicts career choices and adjustment (i.e., engagement) and maladjustment (i.e., burnout) after graduation. A total of 357 Japanese adolescents participated throughout the 3-year period of vocational high school (M age = 15.75; 62.75% girls). A follow-up assessment, at 18 months after the school-to-tertiary education or school-to-work transitions, was conducted. Higher identity synthesis during high school years predicted entry into tertiary education, while higher identity confusion predicted transition to work. Furthermore, higher identity synthesis during the high school years predicted higher post-graduation academic engagement, and higher levels of identity confusion predicted higher levels of post-graduation academic or work burnout. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the role of identity development in adolescence as a valuable asset for predicting the transition and the adjustment to tertiary education or work
Trajectories of victimization across the school years: individual and peer context predictors
No full textPeer victimization can be a chronic stressor for some youth but not all youth. To understand the predictors of continuity and discontinuity of overt and relational victimization over an extended period of time, this study examined the independent and unique contributions of predictors that are associated with individual characteristics (social behavior) and a contextual factor (peer adversity), from 2nd to 8th grade, spanning the transition to middle school. In Chapter 1, the overall trajectories of victimization were found to decline for both types of victimization for both girls and boys. In Chapter 2, the independent contribution of each predictor to the intercepts and trajectories of victimization was examined. The analyses demonstrated that both individual and peer context factors contribute to 2nd grade victimization and the trajectories of victimization. Interestingly, some of these effects were stronger in boys during elementary school and in girls after the transition to middle school. In Chapter 3, unique contributions of predictors were investigated by examining the effects of predictors simultaneously. Overall, the results suggested that peer adversity did not predict 2nd grade victimization or the trajectories of victimization above and beyond individual characteristics. Results are discussed in regards to prevention of prolonged victimization, with attention to sex differences and youth who have multiple risk factors.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I only', the embargo will last until 2017-08-01The student, Niwako Sugimura, accepted the attached license on 2015-07-01 at 14:50.The student, Niwako Sugimura, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2015-07-01 at 15:00.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2015-07-02 at 14:00.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8326 on 2015-09-29 at 14:58:55Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-29T20:49:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Outer/inner morphology: The dichotomy of Japanese renyoo verbs and nouns
No full textThis paper investigates the morpho-phonological differences between the nominal and verbal conjugational forms of renyoo (a preverbal form) in terms of (i) idiosyncrasy, (ii) productivity, and (iii) accent shift. All of these properties indicate that the two renyoo morphemes appear in different syntactic positions: with renyoo-verbs, the root first merges with the categorizer v and then with the REN(yoo) head, whereas with renyoo-nouns, the root directly merges with the categorizer n, which is phonologically realized as the renyoo morpheme. Our analysis consequently supports Marantz/s (2007) inner/outer morphology division within a word, and also provides implications for Chomsky\u27s (2013) {H, H} Labeling Algorithm (Sugimura & Obata 2014)
The Interplay Between Personal Identity and Social Identity Among Vocational High School Students: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study
No full textAlthough identity research has predominantly focused on college-bound adolescents, it has largely neglected vocational high school students who enter the job market immediately after graduation. Furthermore, most studies have concentrated on personal identity and have overlooked the concurrent development of social identity. This study examined the relationship between adolescents’ personal and social identities over three years of vocational high school. The participants were 4,264 vocational high school students in Japan (Time 1: 46.44% girls; Mage = 15.78). Using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model, the results indicated that within-person increases in social identity predicted increases in personal identity one year later. These findings highlight the importance of social identity as a valuable resource for personal identity development among vocational high school students, a group underrepresented in identity research
Promotion of EGF receptor signaling improves the quality of low developmental competence oocytes
No full textAvailable online 14 May 2015Abstract not availableSatoshi Sugimura, Lesley J. Ritter, Ryan D. Rose, Jeremy G. Thompson, Johan Smitz, David G. Mottershead, Robert B. Gilchris
Formation of a nitro derivative of 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline by photo-irradiation.
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