1,721,258 research outputs found
Social Minimum in the New Welfare State: Minimum Income Protection in Slovenia
No full textNonostante l’avvento di un social investment welfare state promosso dall’UE e rilevato da vari studi, la garanzia di quel “minimo sociale” su cui la struttura del nuovo welfare dovrebbe poggiare è spesso carente, messa da parte dal prevalere della riduzione della spesa pubblica. In questo paper le politiche di protezione del reddito minimo sono utilizzate come metro di misura per testare la validità di tale affermazione. Si parte da una panoramica sugli schemi di reddito minimo nei Paesi Membri dell’UE per poi arricchire l’analisi con un dettagliato caso di studio sulla Slovenia. Facendo riferimento agli standard recentemente indicati dal Parlamento europeo, si stimano efficacia ed efficienza dello schema di reddito minimo sloveno (Denarna socialna pomoč) a seguito delle più recenti “activation reforms”. In aggiunta, si prende in esame l’interazione fra assistenza sociale e forme tradizionali di assicurazione sociale: in seguito a una graduale erosione di quest’ultime, in Slovenia la protezione del reddito minimo è di fatto divenuta l’ammortizzatore sociale di riferimento per un considerevole numero di disoccupati. L’espansione del ruolo dell’assistenza sociale pone l’accento sulla necessità di portare la garanzia del reddito minimo a livelli più adeguati in tutta l’UE, così da sancire “minimi sociali” atti a servire da fondamenta più solide per lo sviluppo di un nuovo paradigma di welfare realmente inclusivo.Notwithstanding the shift towards a social investment welfare state advocated by the EU and detected by a number of theoretical studies, the guarantee of an adequate social minimum on which the frame of the new welfare should be base d is often lacking, largely sidelined by prevailing drives for retre nchment. This paper aims at assessing the validity of this claim, using minimum income protection as yardstick. We start with a glance at the current state of minimum income schemes across EU Member States and then move to an in-depth case stud y: Slovenia. Relying on the benchmarks recently suggested by the European Parliament, we assess the efficacy and efficiency of the Slovenian minimum income scheme (Financial Social Assistance) after the latest “activation reforms”. The interplay of social assistance with the traditional unemployment insurance scheme is also examined: as a consequence of a gradual erosion of the latter, in Slovenia targeted minimum income protection has de facto become the main shock absorber for a considerable number of unemployed. This expansion of social assistance reinforces the need to rise the adequacy of minimum income protection in the whole EU in order not to neglect the social minima that should serve as essential ba sis for the development of a truly inclusive new welfare paradigm
The Social Investment Welfare Expenditure data set (SIWE): a new methodology for measuring the progress of social investment in EU welfare state budgets
No full textThe social investment perspective has become a reference framework for comparative welfare state analysis, and a powerful idea influencing the European social dimension since the Lisbon Strategy. A number of empirical studies in the field have focused on the budgetary side of welfare state change, tracking the dynamics of “new” social investment versus “old” social protection spending. Still, many data limitations (e.g. scarce country/years coverage) and the prevailing use of rough spending-over-the-GDP indicators have hindered the progress of our empirical knowledge over social investment in Europe. This working paper presents a new data set and methodology for the comparative analysis of welfare state budgets from the perspective of social investment. Based on various Eurostat data sources, the Social Investment Welfare Expenditure data set (SIWE) includes social spending data finely disaggregated into welfare functions for 29 countries (EU-28 less Croatia, plus Norway and Switzerland), and covers years from 1995 to 2013. Building on previous contributions, I develop a new methodology for measuring “budgetary welfare effort” (BWE), that is, the effort effectively put by governments on selected welfare programmes, net of the interferences due to economic and demographic oscillations. I also construct two composite BWE indices that allow to directly compare the whole social investment and social protection dimensions of welfare state budgets, in a way more accurate than what done so far. This provides researchers with a fresh tool for empirical analyses of the dynamics, causes and consequences of welfare state change from the perspective of social investment. The SIWE data set can be requested from the author’s web page
Non è un Paese per investimenti sociali? Una reinterpretazione della traiettoria di riforma del welfare e della politics del social investment in Italia = No country for social investment? Reinterpreting the welfare reform trajectory and the politics of social investment in Italy
No full textQuesto articolo inquadra le principali riforme del welfare italiano dagli anni ‘90 ad oggi nella prospettiva del SI, e propone un’interpretazione dei fattori di politics che hanno determinato la traiettoria sui generis dell’Italia rispetto alla mancata (o parziale) svolta verso l’investimento sociale. A seguito della Grande recessione, l’Italia ha affiancato alla flessibilizzazione del mercato del lavoro un’espansione in senso universale dei buffer, estendendo la copertura dei sussidi di disoccupazione, introducendo uno schema nazionale di reddito minimo garantito (fortemente ridimensionato dal governo Meloni) e un assegno unico universale per le famiglie con figli. Non sono invece stati fatti passi avanti significativi rispetto al potenziamento dei servizi per migliorare i flussi nel mercato del lavoro e nel ciclo di vita, specie nell’ambito della cura e della conciliazione lavoro-famiglia, e lo stock di capitale umano (istruzione e formazione continua). Oltre alle specificità del contesto economico ed istituzionale, lo sviluppo degli investimenti pubblici in capitale umano e servizi sociali è stato ostacolato da dinamiche che, in ambiti fortemente politicizzati, hanno favorito policy orientate al ‘consumo’ piuttosto che all’investimento, mentre in ambiti meno controversi la spinta verso il SI da parte degli interessi organizzati si è tradotta in piccoli avanzamenti incrementali.This article re-examines the main welfare reforms in Italy from the 1990s to the present through the lens of social investment (SI), and proposes an interpretation of the political factors that have shaped Italy’s sui generis trajectory, characterized by a lack of (or partial) shift towards SI. Following the Great Recession, Italy combined labour market
flexibilization with an expansion of income protection buffers, including the extension of unemployment benefit coverage, the introduction of a national minimum income scheme (significantly curtailed by the Meloni government) and of a universal child allowance for families. However, no significant progress has been made in enhancing services aimed
at improving labour market and life-course flows (particularly in the areas of care and work-family reconciliation) and human capital stock development (education and lifelong learning). Beyond the specificities of the economic and institutional context, in highly politicized policy areas, the development of public investment in human capital and social
services has been hindered by political dynamics that have prioritized consumption-oriented policies over investment. Conversely, in less contentious policy areas, pressure toward SI from organized interests has resulted in small incremental advancements
Contenere il consumo di suolo attraverso il progetto urbanistico. Il disegno della rete verde quale struttura strategica nel PGT del comune di Rescaldina
No full textWhich Roads (if any) to Social Investment? The Recalibration of EU Welfare States at the Crisis Crossroads (2000–2014)
Full text linkThe social investment approach has been advocated as a blueprint for recasting European welfare states since the years of the Lisbon Strategy. After the Euro crisis squeezed the fiscal space available for welfare recalibration, the question has been raised as to whether social investment could withstand the economic turmoil. Relying on a new welfare expenditure dataset constructed from various Eurostat sources, this article looks at the budgetary recalibration of 27 EU welfare states from the launch of the Lisbon Strategy to the aftermath of the Euro crisis (2000 to 2014). It compares the financial efforts that governments have put into social investment- and social protection-oriented policies, highlighting the different trajectories taken by EU welfare states at the crisis crossroads. Four scenarios for welfare recalibration are put forward, based on the social investment perspective and its critiques. The results show that the overall progress made by social investment in welfare budgets since 2000 came to a halt with the outbreak of the crisis. Bleaker scenarios materialised, whereas EU welfare states pursued retrenchment rather than investment, or had to face harsher budgetary trade-offs, expanding social investment to the detriment of social protection
Fondazioni di linguaggi funzionali e con controllo delle risorse (FOLLIA)
No full textProgetto FOLLIA is a continuation of MIUR-2002 PROTOCOLLO project(from PROofs TO COmputation through Linear LOgic) with a twofold goal:
FOLLIA will continue the promising development of foundational and applicative research, within Theoretical Computer Science, that followed the introduction of Linear Logic.
Starting from the theoretical results, FOLLIA will develop methodologies for the design, the analysis and the verification of paradigmatic programming languages oriented to applications in the context of mobile computations with resource guarantees.
Real issues will solicit ideas, and, will be verification tools, relatively to the obtained results, though mobile computations in presence of resource limitations will be our favorite context of reference
Is Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) in lymph node oligometastatic patients feasible and effective?
No full textObjectives: To review the available data about stereotactic body-radiotherapy (SBRT) for oligometastatic lymph node cancer recurrence. Methods: The inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: Medline search for the (1) English language (2) full paper (abstracts were excluded) on (3) adult oligometastatic solid cancer recurrence limited to lymph node that underwent SBRT (4) outcome data available and (5) published up to the 30th April 2014. Results: 38 papers fulfilling the inclusion criteria have been found: 7 review articles and 31 patient series (20 and 11 retrospective and prospective studies, respectively) including between 1 and 69 patients (636 lymph nodes). Twelve articles reported only lymph node SBRT while in 19 - all types of SBRT including lymph node SBRT were presented. Two-year local control, 4-year progression free survival and overall survival was of up to 100%, 30% and 50%, respectively. The progression was mainly out-field (10-30% of patients had a recurrence in another lymph node/nodes). The toxicity was low with mainly mild acute events and single grade 3-4 late events. When compared to SBRT for any oligometastatic cancer, SBRT for lymph node recurrence carried better prognosis and showed lower toxicity. Conclusions: SBRT is a feasible approach for oligometastatic lymph node recurrence, offering excellent in-field tumor control with low toxicity profile. The potential abscopal effect has been hypothesized as a basis of these findings. Future studies are warranted to identify the patients that benefit most from this treatment. The optimal combination with systemic treatment should also be defined
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