49 research outputs found
Déni de statut. La non-régulation des soins et services domestiques dans les foyers néerlandais
No full textFrom the Stereotypification of the Non-European Other to the Prototypification of the European Self: A Case Study of Turkey's Membership to the European Union from the French Perspective
No full textSince the Rome Treaty of 1957, the conception of Europe in the collective psyche has been gradually confused with membership to the evolving European Union (EU). Although expansion is intrinsic to the nature of the EU, the context of increasing globalisation of the past decade has emphasized the role of supranational organisations and thus accelerated its expansion process. Whilst until the last enlargement in 2004 citizens throughout the member states supported the membership of new countries, the press and opinion polls carried out across those member countries show a clear opposition to Turkey's entry into the EU. Interestingly, the debate surrounding Turkey's application to join the EU, though not new, has raised salient issues such as the notion of European identity, European culture, and European values, thus stressing the confusion between Europe and the EU and implying that membership itself is the concrete representation of a corpus of commonality shared by members. Whether in the French press or in opinion polls, issues about Europe in general and the EU in particular arise in terms of identity, suggesting that the sense of belonging to a nation that exists at country level can be extended to the EU level. This confusion is fuelled by the press and political discourse; in both the terms Europe and European are used liberally to refer to the European Union and its citizens, thus implying that non-member countries might be non-European and therefore perceived as the other different from the self
(De)constructing the 'Roma encampments' : Analysis of the processes of categorisation of shantytown residents in public action
No full textLa démarche générale de cette thèse consiste à étudier la façon dont sont administrés les espaces nommés squats, bidonvilles et campements illicites par les pouvoirs publics et, par extension, leurs habitant-es, à l'aune de l'étude de la catégorie d'habitat « campements roms » mise en mots dans une circulaire le 5 août 2010. L'analyse de la mise en œuvre de la gestion et de l'expulsion de ces espaces est fondée sur une ethnographie des bidonvilles initiée en 2012 dans différentes villes de France et plus particulièrement dans la ville de Marseille ainsi que sur des entretiens, diverses formes d'observations et l'analyse de littératures grises. De l'élaboration des politiques publiques à leur mise en œuvre par les associations opératrices d'État dans la ville de Marseille (avec un focus sur l'année 2020), cette thèse analyse l'action publique à l'échelle locale afin de proposer une interprétation de la situation nationale. Ce travail, en s'intéressant à la façon dont sont nommés et classés certains habitats précaires identifiés comme illicites voire illégaux, met en lumière les logiques de catégorisation des habitant-es de ces espaces. Ce qui est formulé comme une politique prenant pour objet le logement administre en réalité les populations l'habitent, i.e. les personnes désignées comme roms dans la circulaire de 2010. La thèse met en lumière que l'opération de mise en mots de ces espaces comme « squats », « bidonvilles », « campements », mais aussi « copropriétés dégradées » par les pouvoirs publics nous informe peu sur la nature de ces espaces (les matériaux dont ils sont faits, leur légalité ou leur pérennité) mais relève d'un processus de catégorisation des populations qui les habitent. Toutes les personnes perçues comme roms habitant en bidonville à Marseille ne connaissent pas les mêmes logiques de classement de leur habitat, et ainsi la même mise en œuvre d'un suivi social permettant l'accès à certains droits : selon leur nationalité, leur(s) langue(s), leur statut administratif, la politique publique ne revêt pas le même aspect, aussi bien concernant son volet social (suivi social à partir du diagnostic social énoncé dans la circulaire de 2012) que son volet sécuritaire (les expulsions du lieu d'habitation et du territoire français). Cette thèse entend participer à la réflexion sur la façon dont sont catégorisées les personnes dites roms migrant-es en France en s'intéressant aux rapports sociaux de race, de sexe et de classe à l'œuvre dans l'administration de l'habitat précaire nommé squat, bidonville et campement.The general approach of this thesis is to study the way in which spaces known as squats, shanty towns and illegal encampments are administered by the public authorities and, by extension, their inhabitants, in the light of the study of the housing category 'Roma encampments' that was defined by a circular on 5 August 2010. The analysis of the implementation of the management and eviction of these spaces is based on an ethnography of shantytowns initiated in 2012 in various French cities and particularly in the city of Marseille, as well as on interviews, various forms of observation and the analysis of grey literature. From the development of public policies to their implementation by state-operated associations in the city of Marseille (with a focus on the year 2020), this thesis analyses public action at the local level in order to propose an interpretation of the national situation. By looking at the way in which certain types of precarious housing identified as illicit or even illegal are named and classified, this work sheds light on the ways in which the residents of these areas are categorised. What is formulated as a housing policy actually administers the people who live there, i.e. the people designated as Roma in the 2010 circular. The thesis highlights the fact that the process of labelling these spaces as 'squats', 'shanty towns', 'encampments' and also 'copropriété dégradée' by the public authorities tells us little about the nature of these spaces (the materials of which they are made, their legality or their longevity), but is part of a process of categorising the people who live there. Not all people perceived as Roma living in shantytowns in Marseille are subject to the same logic for classifying their housing, and thus to the same implementation of social monitoring enabling access to certain rights: depending on nationality, language(s) and administrative status, public policy does not take on the same aspect, both in terms of its social aspect (social monitoring based on the social diagnosis set out in the 2012 circular) and its security aspect (housing evictions and deportation from the French territory). This thesis aims to contribute to the debate around the way in which so-called Roma migrants are categorised in France by looking at the social relations of race, gender and class at work in the administration of precarious housing known as squats, shanty towns and encampments
Accueillir des enfants dits “roms roumains” dans l’école républicaine. Le système éducatif français face à la catégorisation socioculturelle
No full textInternational audienceThis article looks at the schooling of children known as Romanian “Roma” in France, by questioning the attitudes of actors in the national education system in light of the ethnic and social otherness attributed to this population. It decodes the ways in which these actors tend to respect the republican injunction to ignore individual particularities, while also taking into account what is considered the transnational culture of this population, in order to better neutralize it. After looking at how Roma culture is stigmatized in France, at the highest level, the author shows how the stereotypes of this population form a backdrop to the way teachers see their students. Far from being an explicitly racist attitude, the analysis argues that this ethnicization is benevolent. However, it nevertheless contributes to reinforcing a social barrier within a school system that seeks to be inclusive.L’article aborde la scolarisation d’enfants dits « roms roumains » en France, en interrogeant l’attitude des acteurs de l’éducation nationale face à l’altérité ethnique et sociale attribuée à cette population. On y décrypte la façon dont ces derniers tentent de respecter l’injonction républicaine qui leur est faite de rester aveugles aux particularismes des individus tout en tenant compte, pour mieux la neutraliser, de ce qui est considéré comme la culture transnationale de cette population. Après être revenue sur la stigmatisation de la culture rom en France au plus haut niveau, l’autrice montre en quoi les stéréotypes pesant sur les « Roms » constituent la toile de fond du regard que les enseignants portent sur ces élèves. À la différence d’une attitude explicitement raciste, l’analyse souligne que cette ethnicisation est mobilisée sur un mode bienveillant. Elle n’en renforce pas moins une frontière sociale au cœur d’un système éducatif qui se voudrait intégrateur
SATISFACTION ANALYSIS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF F&B IMMERSIONISTS IN A NON-INDUSTRIALIZED SET-UP: THEORY DEVELOPMENT
No full textThe research examines the performances of immersion students whose practice is conducted outside of an actual restaurant in which they are expected to gain experience. The student-immersionists are assessed according to the level of their skills and the satisfaction rate among those who have experienced the service, which is the teachers. Moreover, their performances will be based on the following learning competencies in Food and Beverage Services; Prepare dining room/restaurant area for service, Welcome guests and take food and beverage orders, Promote food and beverage products, Provide food and beverage services to guests, Provide room service, and Receive and handle guest concerns. The study is quantitative and uses a Likert scale questionnaire to rate the performances demonstrated by the student-immersionists. It was pilot tested on 15 respondents, and a Chronbach alpha was used to test its reliability. Data gathered by the researchers had undergone Collinearity Diagnostics Statistics and Multiple Regression Analysis to determine which independent variables are considered for theory development. Results showed that preparing the dining room/restaurant area for service and welcoming guests and taking food and beverage orders have satisfied the customers well even in a non-restaurant set-up
Strategies of Visibility and Invisibility: Rumanians and Moroccans in El Ejido, Spain
No full textThe violence encountered by the migrants studied in this text is of several kinds: theywere confronted with the ‘structural violence' of poverty and economic crisis havingin their countries of origin (Galtung 1969), and they are now facing racist violence inthe place they have migrated to in order to work. Categorised not as refugees but aseconomic migrants, they do not benefit from any sort of international protectionregime.The analysis shall focus on the Almeria province of Andalusia, in the South ofSpain, where large numbers of foreign workers from various origins are employed inagriculture
