1,721,005 research outputs found
Follow the leader : a scalable approach for realistic group behavior of roaming NPCs in MMO games
No full textIn modern Massively Multiplayer Online Games, Non Playing Characters (NPCs) moving on the battlefield play a key role in term of user experience: many time players are required—alone or in groups—to fight or avoid them in order to progress in experience. Unfortunately, standard NPCs behavior, i.e., patrolling between rally points, does not put a significant challenge to players once its deterministic movement pattern is discovered. This paper addresses the problem of defining a smart, more challenging, and natural movement model for NPCs. Getting inspiration from the kids' game "follow the leader" we adopt Artificial Intelligence techniques such as behavior trees and blackboards to provide NPCs with changing paths, dynamic aggregation in parties, and tactical decisions. Following this approach, players' experience will greatly improve thanks to an always-changing battlefield scenario
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Reactions of acetylenes with noble metal carbonyl halides. 9. Preparation, chemical characterization and x-ray structural analysis of [cyclic] [Pt{C(O)CPr:CPrCPr:CPrCl}Cl]2 and the cyclocarbene derivative [Pt{CCPr:CPrCPr:CPrO}(PBu3)2Cl][PF6]
No full textThe cyclopentadienone compound [Pt{η4-C(=O)C(Pr)=C(Pr)C(Pr)=C(Pr))Cl2] (1a) and the octadienoyl complex [Pt{-C(=O)C(Pr)=C(Pr)C(Pr)=C(Pr)Cl}Cl]2 (2a) were isolated during the reaction of Pt(CO)2Cl2 with 4-octyne. The reactions of compounds 1a and 2a with nitrogen and phosphorus ligands have also been studied. Compound 2a reacts with excess of phosphines to give the complex [Pt{CC(Pr)=C(Pr)-C(Pr)=C(Pr)O}L2Cl2] [L = PPh3 (8a), PBu3 (9a)], containing a six-membered carbenic ring bonded to platinum, which is easily transformed into the ionic [Pt{CC(Pr)=C(Pr)C(Pr)=C(Pr)O}(PBu3)2Cl][PF6] complex (11a). The analogous products obtained in the reaction of 2-butyne and 3-hexyne with Pt(CO)2Cl2 have been reformulated. A 13C NMR study on a series of derivatives is reported. The crystal structures of complexes 2a and 11a have been determined by X-ray diffraction. Crystals of 2a are triclinic of space group P1 with Z = 1, a = 8.256 (2) Å, b = 10.293 (3) Å, c = 12.632 (3) Å, α = 73.50 (2)°, β = 76.50 (1)°, and γ = 81.62 (2)°. A total of 2762 reflections were used in the refinement, resulting in a final R of 0.034. The dimeric compound 2a lies on a crystallographic inversion center; the coordination around each platinum is distorted square-planar, with the olefinic double bond approximately perpendicular to the coordination plane. Crystals of 11a are orthorhombic of space group P212121 with Z = 4, a = 25.394 (6) Å, b = 14.897 (4) Å, and c = 13.858 (3) Å. The final agreement factor is R = 0.057 for 2198 independent observed reflections. The coordination around platinum is, as expected, square-planar with a Pt-C distance of 1.94 (2) Å
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
On the use of information theory for the analysis of the relationship between neural and imaging signals
No full textFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a widely used method for studying the neural basis of cognition and of sensory function. A potential problem in the interpretation of fMRI data is that fMRI measures neural activity only indirectly, as a local change of deoxyhemoglobin concentration due to the metabolic demands of neural function. To build correct sensory and cognitive maps in the human brain, it is thus crucial to understand whether fMRI and neural activity convey the same type of information about external correlates. While a substantial experimental effort has been devoted to the simultaneous recordings of hemodynamic and neural signals, so far, the development of analysis methods that elucidate how neural and hemodynamic signals represent sensory information has received less attention. In this article, we critically review why the analytical framework of information theory, the mathematical theory of communication, is ideally suited to this purpose. We review the principles of information theory and explain how they could be applied to the analysis of fMRI and neural signals. We show that a critical advantage of information theory over more traditional analysis paradigms commonly used in the fMRI literature is that it can elucidate, within a single framework, whether an empirically observed correlation between neural and fMRI signals reflects either a similar stimulus tuning or a common source of variability unrelated to the external stimuli. In addition, information theory determines the extent to which these shared sources of stimulus signal and of variability lead fMRI and neural signals to convey similar information about external correlates. We then illustrate the formalism by applying it to the analysis of the information carried by different bands of the local field potential. We conclude by discussing the current methodological challenges that need to be addressed to make the information-theoretic approach more robustly applicable to the simultaneous recordings of neural and imaging data
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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