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Seeing the unseen. Geophysics and Landscape Archaeology
No full textSEEING THE UNSEEN. GEOPHYSICS AND LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGY is a collection of papers presented at the advanced XV International Summer School in Archaeology 'Geophysics for Landscape Archaeology' (Grosseto, Italy, 10-18 July 2006). Bringing together the experience of some of the world's greatest experts in the field of archaeological prospection, the focus of this book is not so much on the analysis of single buried structures, but more on researching the entire landscape in all its multi-period complexity. The book is divided into two parts. The first part concentrates on the theoretical basis of the various methods, illustrated for the most part through case-studies and practical examples drawn from a variety of geographical and cultural contexts. The second part focuses on the work carried out in the field during the Summer School
Geophysical and Archaeological investigations on the N-E foot of Palatine Hill (Roma, Italy)
No full textI risultati delle indagini geofisiche, condotte sulle pendici del Palatino prima dello scavo, vengono confrontate con i risultati dello scavo, mostrando le potenzialità, all'interno di una situazione complessa come quella del settore indagato, delle tecniche del georadar, opportunamente calibrate per rispondere alle domande dell'archeologia preventiva
Integrated data processing for archeological magnetic surveys
No full textMagnetic methods are commonly adopted in archeological prospecting to detect and delineate shallow subsurface targets at depths of no more than 2-3 m. The examples in this article comprise a typical case where geophysical investigation has effectively delineated the main archeological features and guided the excavation in the area
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
2D and 3D data processing of archaeo-magnetic data
Full text linkIntroduction. The Sabine Necropolis at Colle del Forno (700-300 B.C.) at Montelibretti, Rome is characterized by dromos chamber tombs, most of them unexplored till now. The tombs can be assimilated to cavities of a standard volume of some cubic meters; the entrance of the tombs is a corridor 6 m long with a 1 square meter section . The surficial geology of the area consists of a series of tuffs about 10 m thick overlying Pleistocene-Quaternary sandy-clayey sediments. A thin layer of top soil (20 - 30 cm) covers the tuff. The investigation of the Necropolis in the past decade has been performed by different geophysical methodologies: electrical, electromagnetic and magnetic methods have been widely adopted to investigate several chamber tombs (Piro et al, 2001). The aim of this paper is to analyze an integrated approach to the processing of magnetic survey data. The magnetic susceptibility contrast between topsoil, subsoil and rocks (topsoil is normally more magnetic than subsoil) permits to detect ditches, pits and other silted-up features that were excavated and then silted or back-filled with topsoil. Meanwhile back-filled areas produce positive anomalies, less magnetic material introduced into topsoil, including many kinds of masonry (for example, limestone walls) may produce negative anomalies of the order of some nanoteslas. The same behavior is related to the presence of cultural voids and tombs whose magnetic anomaly is generated by the lack of magnetic materials due to the cavities of the tombs. In the area a diffused magnetisation is manly due to the presence of top soil and tuff materials and high negative susceptibility contrasts can be expected because of the presence of the tombs. The magnetic survey was performed along a regular grid of 0.5 m x 0.5 m using a optical pumped Caesium-vapour magnetometer G858 (Geometrics), in the gradient configuration, on an area which is well known as far as the presence, size and position of tombs are concerne
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Integrated geophysical and archaeological investigations of Aquinum in Frosinone, Italy,
No full textTo better understand the location and help in the conservation of buried structures at the ancient site of Aquinum in
central Italy, integrated archaeological and geophysical data were acquired. These datasets included historical and
oblique aerial photographs, which were combined with topographical and archaeological field‐walking survey. These
data showed the general location of the Roman town Aquinum. To verify preliminary interpretations groundpenetrating
radar (GPR) data were collected in an open area of the town centre. The results show very good
correspondence between the buried architecture and the aerial photograph and field walking data. A number of
unexpected buried buildings were also discovered, which were excavated in 2009 and 2010 and showed remains of a
public thermal bath
Integrated geophysical investigation to detect buried structures: examples in the south-eastern part of Rome and its surroundings (Latium, central Italy)
Full text linkNell’ambito dell’engineering geology, il problema delle cavità antropiche che interessano centri abitati è particolarmente sentito, infatti, stando a modelli geologici recentemente sviluppati, esse possono migrare verso la superfice mettendo così a repentaglio la presenza di edifici, strade e l’incolumità degli stessi abitanti. Inoltre, i metodi d’investigazione diretti (quali sondaggi geognostici e indagini dirette del reticolo caveale) risultano essere piuttosto costosi e necessitano di numerose persone oltre di una certa quantità di tempo per essere realizzate. Al contrario i metodi indiretti (geofisici), oggetto del presente lavoro, consentono di indagare cavità di dimensioni anche ridotte in maniera estensiva oltre che generalmente rapida. Ciò premesso, nell’ambito del presente Dottorato, sono stati usati diversi metodi geofisici di near surface, integrandoli fra loro, allo scopo di caratterizzare le cavità presenti in due diversi test sites in ambito urbano ed extraurbano. La prima area test, indagata con il metodo GPR e il metodo ERT, è quella del Parco della Caffarella, in cui si ha una conoscenza solamente parziale di un esteso reticolo caveale scavato nelle pozzolane rosse dal quale si estraevano, in epoca etrusca e romana, materiali per l’edilizia. L’area indagata ha dimensioni 48 m x 30 m e la zona di sovrapposizione fra il metodo ERT e il GPR risulta essere di 48m x 14 m. Più in dettaglio, sono state eseguiti 14 profili ERT (modello Syscal Junior-Iris Instrument),aventi lunghezza 47 m con i 48 elettrodi posti ogni metro. L’array scelto è stato il doppio-dipolo poiché assicura una buona risoluzione sia in termini di variazioni verticali che orizzontali delle resistività, come ampiamente noto in letteratura. L’area in oggetto è stata indagata con il GPR (Modello SIR-3000, GSSI) usando dapprima un’antenna bistatica, ad offset costante, ad alta frequenza (400 MHz) e successivamente un’antenna monostatica a bassa frequenza (70 MHz). Nel primo caso i profili sono stati acquisiti con un’interdistanza pari a 0.5 m mentre nel secondo con un’interdistanza pari a 1 m. I dati sono stati elaborati con software specifici per estrarre delle sezioni tempo-profondità (time-slice) dell’area indagata con i dati GPR e delle sezione profondità bidimensionali (depth-slice) con i dati ERT. La seconda area è sita nel territorio di Magliano Sabina-Loc. Madonna del Giglio (Rieti), nella quale, da numerose fonti archeologiche è nota la presenza di strutture funerarie a fossa (VII-VI sec. a.C.), parzialmente collassate. L’area di dimensioni 80 m x 30 m è stata indagata, dapprima con il GPR (Modello SIR-3000,GSSI) usando un’antenna bistatica ad offset costante ad alta frequenza (400 MHz) acquisendo i profili ogni 0.5 m e successivamente con il magnetometro differenziale fluxgate (FM256-Geoscan Research), suddividendo l’area in 7 quadrati di 10 m di lato, con i profili paralleli acquisiti ogni metro e le misure lungo il profilo ogni 0.5 m. La zona di sovrapposizione fra i due metodi è stata di 70 m x 10 m. Anche in questo caso dai dati GPR sono state ricavate le time-slices mentre i dati magnetici sono stati elaborati con la crosscorrelazione normalizzata bidimesionale allo scopo di far emergere le anomalie da un contesto geologico altrimenti piuttosto rumoroso. Dopo le suddette operazioni, per entrambi i siti sono stati testati diversi metodi di integrazione sia di tipo qualitativo (Contour map overlay, RGB Colour Composite) che di tipo quantitativo (data sum, data product, binary representation) oltre di tipo statistico (Principal Component Analysis, K-mean Cluster analysis, Bayesian Maximum Entropy). I risultati, incoraggianti, mostrano come alcuni dei metodi summenzionati siano fin da ora spendibili in un contesto applicativo, mentre altri si trovino ad un livello di ricerca
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