1,720,972 research outputs found
Compliance by Believing : An Experimental Exploration on Social Norms and Impartial Agreements
Full text linkThe main contribution of this paper is twofold. First of all, it focuses on the decisional process that leads to the creation of a social norm. Secondly, it analyses the mechanisms through which subjects conform their behaviour to the norm. In particular, our aim is to study the role and the nature of Normative and Empirical Expectations and their influence on people's decisions. The tool is the Exclusion Game, a sort of 'triple mini-dictator game'. It represents a situation where 3 subjects - players A - have to decide how to allocate a sum S among themselves and a fourth subject - player B - who has no decisional power. The experiment consists of three treatments. In the Baseline Treatment participants are randomly distributed in groups of four players and play the Exclusion Game. In the Agreement Treatment in each group participants are invited to vote for a specific non-binding allocation rule before playing the Exclusion Game. In the Outsider Treatment, after the voting procedure and before playing the Exclusion Game, a player A for each group (the outsider) is reassigned to a different group and instructed about the rule chosen by the new group. In all the treatments, at the end of the game and before players are informed about the decisions taken during the Exclusion Game by the other co-players, first order and second order expectations (both normative and empirical) are elicited through a brief questionnaire. The first result we obtained is that subjects' choices are in line with their empirical (not normative) expectations. The second result is that even a non-binding agreement induces convergence of empirical expectations - and, consequently, of choices. The third results is that expectation of conformity is higher in the partner protocol. This implies that a single outsider breaks the 'trust an
Contractarian Compliance and the 'Sense of Justice': A Behavioral Conformity Model and Its Experimental Support
Full text linkThe social contract approach to the study if institutions aims at providing a solution to the problem of compliance with rational agreements in situations characterized by a conflict between individual rationality and social optimality. After a short discussion of some attempts to deal with this problem from a rational choice perspective, we focus on John Rawls's idea of 'sense of justice' and its application to the explanation of the stability of a well-ordered society. We show how the relevant features of Rawls's theory can be captured by a behavioral game theory model of beliefs-dependent dispositions to comply, and we present the results of two experimental studies that provide support to the theory
“Are Genetically Modified Foods Bad for my Health?”Consumer Evaluation and Preferred Information Source
No full textWe investigate the impact of competing information on the consumer’s evaluation of
food products containing genetically modified organisms (GMos). We provide three main results.
First, we show that introducing mandatory labels to identify whether or not a food product
contains GMos significantly reduces the consumer evaluation. Second, providing additional
information on GMos with respect to labels significantly affects evaluation. Third, no
matter what kind of information previously received, the consumer prefers to seek additional
information from the information source they trust the most, i.e., their general practitioner
(GP). overall, these results indicate that the crucial issue for regulating GMos is not the presence
of the label per se, but the availability of the necessary information to make good use of
the label content in order to assess potential health risks deriving from genetically modified
foods. In particular, our findings suggest that this can be achieved by properly informing (and
convincing) GPs and other health professionals that the risks for human health are minimal
Beni comuni e funzione sociale della proprietà. Il ruolo del Comune
No full textDall'istituzione della Commissione Rodotà nel 2007, il tema dei commons ha suscitato grande interesse in Italia, sia nella dottrina del diritto pubblico che nella dottrina del diritto privato [1]. L'approccio al tema, il metodo scelto e le analisi contrastanti mostrano una grande diversità e spesso risentono di un eccesso di sistematizzazione a scapito di un approccio realistico che porta a proposte di riforma concrete ed efficaci.
Penso agli studi de jure condendo, che tendono ad integrare la riflessione sulla teoria dello Stato, anche questa particolarmente complessa, con quella sulla teoria dei beni - proprietà pubblica e privata - e quella sui diritti fondamentali in particolare. partecipazione. Penso anche alle contaminazioni tra de jure condito e de jure condendo che mescolano analisi giuridiche, politiche, filosofiche, teologiche, sociologiche per citarne solo alcune.Ciò spiega una mancanza di rigore metodologico, che legittima tutti a parlare non di commons ma di teoria giuridica dei commons.
La dottrina ha la responsabilità di andare oltre la controversia teorica e anche in assenza di norme nazionali certe e precise, deve mettere in discussione la possibilità di dare sostanza giuridica ai beni comuni per tradurli in diritto positivo. Una riforma generale sarà molto difficile e senza dubbio lunga per intervenire. D'altra parte, si possono condurre esperimenti a livello locale, cosa che la città di Napoli sta facendo
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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