313 research outputs found
A critical analysis of Christian responses to Islamic claims about the work of the Prophet Muhammad, ‘the Messenger of God’.
No full textThe aims of this study are to analyse critically the different Christian responses to the Islamic understanding of the work of Muhammad. Chapter one consists a short introduction leading to an appraisal of Muhammad which incorporates historical, hagiographal and Quranic source material, and in the light of relevant Christian and Muslim scholarship. The second chapter presents a summary critical analysis of Muhammad in Christian theological perspective, from 661 A.D. to modern times. Chapter three presents a critique of Christian responses to the Muslim allegations that the text of the Bible has been infected with corruption; and that Muhammad's advent and status are foretold in the unadulterated' scriptures, and in the Gospel of Barnabas. Chapter four examines the theological significance of the work of Muhammad for Christians. Thus, Jesus and Muhammad are critically assessed and contrasted in order to ascertain the importance, for Christians, of the Muslim claims in respect of Muhammad as ’the messenger of God’. Chapter five provides a critical evaluation of the various Christian responses to Muhammad. It is argued that many of the said responses have been entangled in myths and misperceptions which have severely distorted the true account of Muhammad's work. Consequently, many Christians have failed to appreciate the divine legitimacy of Muhammad's call to prophethood. Further, it is argued that Christians should accept that Muhammad is a genuine prophet, and the messenger of God. However, Muhammad's use of the power-structure in order to maintain Islam is in sharp contrast to Jesus’ decision to face the consequences of his ministry passively through faith in God. Accordingly, orthodox Christian belief in the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus provides another dimension to prophethood, where the messenger and the message become one, an identification which finds no parallel in Islam, and which, in the nature of the case, cannot find a parallel
Al-Sharif Al-Radi: His Life and Poetry
No full textThe aim of this work is to study al-Sharif al-Radl, his life and poetry. The first part deals with the poet’s environment and life; the second with his poetry. Chapter I deals with the political conditions under which the poet lived. The purpose of the second chapter is to portray Al-Radl's social environment and its reflection in contemporary poetry. The third chapter describes the literary environment of Al-Radl's age at some length. The fourth chapter aims to study Al-Radl's life in detail. The factors which influenced his outlook and personality are discussed. An attempt is made to discern how far these factors affected his poetry. The second part of this work deals with Al-Radl's poetry itself. In Chapter V historical observations are made on Al-Radl's Diwan o in both manuscript and published forms. Chapter VI deals with his panegyrics. General remarks are made on eulogy in Arabic poetry. The content, form and development of Al-Radl's panegyrical odes are analysed. His Ikhwaniyyat receive special attention. Chapter VII deals with Al-Radl's self-praise its content and form. An endeavour is made to explore the Utopian world which the poet tried to portray, Al-Radl's elegies (Ch. VIII). their content, form and characteristics are reviewed. In addition, his dirges on women receive attention. Shi ism in Al-Radl’s poetry is discussed in Chapter IX, Al-Radl’s love-poetry (Ch. X) is discussed. His Hijaziyyat receive particular attention. It is claimed that Al-Radl’s produced in his Hijaaiyyat a poetical amalgam which contains some aspects of ‘Udhrite and ’Umarite poetry. Chapter II deals with Al-Radl's poetical technique. His theories of poetical composition and his comments on other poets are examined. A comparison is made between Al-Radl and other poets both previous and contemporary. Special attention is paid to al-Mutanabbi's influence. In Chapter XII there is a broad re-assessment of Al-Radl’s place in the history of Arabic poetry
Conflict of law and the methodology of Tarjīẖ : a study in Islamic legal theory
No full textIslamic law never achieved unity but expressed itself in, at least, four surviving schools. More interestingly, contemporary Muslim communities are still divided among themselves on a number of issues related to their laws. This work describes how problem of legal conflicts have been tackled by Muslim jurists. It is an attempt to examine closely the phenomenon of conflict in Islamic law from the standpoint of usūl-al-fiqh or Islamic legal theory. In fact, much is heard nowadays of the contradiction in the body of Islamic law. Whilst in contrast, little is presented in terms of the methodology of removing this conflict. The present work therefore, attempts to redress this balance. The emphasis of the work will be concerned primarily with tarjīh methodology ; how to give preference to one piece of evidence or argument over the other when they conflict. Nevertheless, considerable concern is given to investigating the background to the conflict of law in the Shari'ah.
This study of a neglected area in Islamic legal scholarship will be an important source of reference to students, both practising and theoretical jurists or to anyone who merely wishes to increase his knowledge of legal themes, particularly legal conflict. The very aim of the work is to argue that conflict is a natural and unavoidable consequence of legal study because legal conflict is only conflicting principles and arguments adduced by both the classical and modern jurists to reach what is actually intended by God in the target case. Therefore, conflicts are inevitable in most of the cases in fiqh owing to the variety of principles set out to deal with one piece of legal evidence, let alone with all the pieces of legal evidence in question.
Tarjīh is therefore, an important and workable instrument in the re-examination of these conflicts and in arriving at the most accurate principle for establishing the law for as long as this is possible. It is hoped that the discovery of new facts and the increase of knowledge which results from the broadening and deepening of the research will positively contribute to the process of unification of Islamic law
Nature and death in the poetry of al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī, and certain English Romantic poets : a comparative study
No full textThe first part of this thesis, divided into two
chapters, deals with the early background of European
Romanticism; the reasons behind its appearance and
problems of definition. There follows a discussion on
the question of the originality of Arabic Romanticism,
with ,a brief review of the roots and main literary groups
of this movement in Arabic poetry.
Part two examines the influence of English poetry
and thought on three Arab Romantic poets: Nāzik Sādiq
al-Malā'ika, Abū al-Qāsim al-Shābbī and
Abd aI-Rahmān Shukrī.
This is discussed parallel with the channels of
this influence.
The main focus of this research is however, to show
the ways in which al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī perceived and reflected nature and death in their poetry.
Their attitudes towards certain phenomena in nature
such as the countryside, night, the sea, childhood and
moral and social lessons of nature are compared with
certain attitudes of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats and
Shelley.
Themes such as life and death, fear of death,
fatalism, immortality and death as a welcome experience
are also the concern of this thesis, with a comparison of
these themes in the poetry of the Arab and English
Romantic poets.
However, owing to the popularity of Keats and
Shelley with the three Arab Romantic poets, this thesis
concentrates on their poetry.
This research has selected only certain phenomena
and themes from nature--and death because of the dominance
of these subjects in the poetry of al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī. The translations of Arabic poetry in this thesis are
intended to convey the general sense of the source texts,
rather than to give a precise rendering of these texts
into English
Relationship between circulating levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐10, CXCL9 and CCL2 in pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis is dependent on disease severity
No full textProtection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is dependent on T cell and macrophage activation regulated by cytokines. Cytokines and chemokines produced at disease sites may be released into circulation. Data available on circulating cytokines in tuberculosis (TB) is mostly on pulmonary TB (PTB) with limited information on extrapulmonary disease (EPul-TB). We measured interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interkeukin-10 (IL-10), CXCL9 and CCL2 in sera of patients ( n = 80) including; PTB ( n = 42), EPul-TB ( n = 38) and BCG vaccinated healthy endemic controls (EC, n = 42). EPul-TB patients comprised those with less severe (LNTB) or severe (SevTB) disease. Serum IFN-γ, IL-10 and CXCL9 levels were significantly greater while CCL2 was reduced in TB patients as compared with EC. IFN-γ was significantly greater in PTB as compared with LNTB ( P = 0.002) and SevTB ( P = 0.029). CXCL9 was greater in PTB as compared with LNTB ( P = 0.009). In contrast, CCL2 levels were reduced in PTB as compared with LNTB ( P = 0.021) and SevTB ( P = 0.024). A Spearman’s rank correlation analysis determined a positive association between IFN-γ and IL-10 (rho = 0.473, P = 0.002) and IFN-γ and CXCL9 (rho = 0.403, P = 0.008) in the PTB group. However, in SevTB, only IFN-γ and CXCL9 were positively associated (rho = 0.529, P = 0.016). Systemic levels of cytokines are reflective of local responses at disease sites. Therefore, our data suggests that in PTB increased IFN-γ and CXCL9 balanced by IL-10 may result in a more effective cell mediated response in the host. However, elevated inflammatory chemokines CXCL9 and CCL2 in severe EPul-TB without concomitant down modulatory cytokines may exacerbate disease related pathology and hamper restriction of M. tuberculosis infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]Peer reviewedfinal article publishe
Yemeni relations with the central Islamic authorities : (9-233/630-847); a political history.
No full textThe role of the accused in English and Islamic criminal justice
No full textThis thesis is a comparative study of the role of the accused in the systems of
English and Islamic criminal justice. It seeks to explore the underlying
relationship between the individual and the state through an historical, structural
and contextual analysis of their rules relating to questioning and of confessions.
The analysis of the English system covers the period 1800 to 1984, with
particular reference to developments during the nineteenth century when the
foundations for the modern English state were established. The analysis of the
Islamic system combines traditionally Islamic and modern methods, assessing the
"Islamisation" movement in Malaysia through a religico-structural understanding
of juristic opinion from the four main schools of Sunnite jurisprudence.
The thesis contributes to existing knowledge on a number of levels: first, it
questions and revises the "myth" of "progress" that has dominated observations
of the history of the English criminal justice system; second, it elucidates the
relationship between Islamic law in theory and the law that is applied and
proposed in its name in Muslim states; third, it provides an analytical framework
for drawing comparisons between the underlying values of the systems of English
and Islamic criminal justice.
While acknowledging fundamental differences in terms of outlook and
articulation, the author concludes there are important similarities expressed
through such notions as "suspect" in the English system and "kafir"I"fasiq" in the
Islamic. These act as intermediate constitutional categories to whom the state
owe less protection. But the author notes also that these similarities are not
observed necessarily in the "law" which is implemented or proposed in Muslim
states; exact correspondence depends upon the over-arching political structure
and the institution of Caliphate.
The thesis is divided into six chapters: chapter one sets out the conventional view
of the historical development of English criminal procedure and evidence;
chapter two subjects that to a critique and chapter three offers a revised thesis.
Chapter four, explores methods for interpreting and explaining Islam; chapter
five sets out rules relating to confessions and questioning according to the four
Sunni schools; chapter six puts them into "context" through an examination of
the "Islamisation" process in Malaysia
Exclusivism: Religious Constructs in Tafsir Muhammad Bin Salih Al-'Uthaimin
No full textAbstract:
This paper analyzes the exclusive paradigm in the interpretation of Muh}ammad bin S{a>lih} al-‘Uthaimi>n. The methodology used is qualitative descriptive-analytical to describe how the exclusive paradigm of Muh}ammad bin S{a>lih} al-‘Uthaimi>n on his interpretation and implications for his religious concept. This paper uses semantic-linguistic, theological, and sociological approaches. This research found that exclusivism in the interpretation of Muhammad bin Salih al- ‘Uthaimin was built by the textualist-literal interpretation paradigm which is supported by romanticism towards the orthodoxy of traditional interpretation so that it has implications for the conception of religion which exclusively views Islam as one only true religion (truth claim), which can guarantee salvation (salvation claim).
Keywords: exclusivism, textualist, truth claim
Putusan Verstek Dan Pembebanan Nafkah Dalam Cerai Gugat Perspektif Maqasid Al-Shari'ah
No full textMuhammad Yusuf Ardiansyah 2024. Putusan Verstek dan Pembebanan Nafkah Dalam Cerai Gugat Perspektif Maqa>s}id al-Shari>’ah (Studi Perkara No. 220/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Mn). Skripsi Jurusan Hukum Keluarga Islam Fakultas Syari’ah Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Ponorogo. Pembimbing: Fuady Abdullah, M.A.
Kata Kunci/Keywords: Putusan Verstek, Pembebanan Nafkah Pasca Cerai, Cerai Gugat, Maqa>si}d al-Shari>’ah
Pengajuan cerai dalam islam sebenarnya menjadi hak mutlak untuk suami (cerai talak), tetapi perempuan diberikan keleluasaan untuk mempertahankan hak dan kehormatannya sehingga muncul istilah cerai gugat dalam lembaga peradilan. Dalam cerai talak akibat hukum selain putusnya perkawinan adalah adanya nafkah pasca cerai, sedangkan pada cerai gugat sendiri belum memiliki kejelasan terkait pemberian nafkah pasca cerai.
Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, maka sesuai dengan apa yang terjadi di Pengadilan Agama Kota Madiun Perkara No.220/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Mn, Perkara cerai gugat ini terdapat tuntutan nafkah pasca cerai, sekaligus perkara ini diputus secara verstek. Dari pertimbangan nafkah serta putusnya perkara tersebut secara verstek dapat ditinjau dari teori yang digunakan yakni maqa>s}id al-shari>’ah.
Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana perspektif maqa>si}d al-shari>’ah terhadap pertimbangan hakim dalam putusan verstek kasus cerai gugat perkara No. 220/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Mn? Bagaimana perspektif maqa>s}id al-shari>’ah terhadap pertimbangan hakim dalam memutuskan nafkah pasca cerai pada putusan cerai gugat verstek perkara No. 220/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Mn?
pertimbangan hakim mengenai putusnya perkara ini secara verstek jika dilihat dari maqa>s}id al-shari>’ah terdapat beberapa unsur yaitu, unsur Hifdz al-Di>n yang dilihat dari tidak tercapainya tujuan pernikahan yang telah disyariatkan sehingga diputuslah cerai oleh majelis hakim, Hifdz al-Nafs yang dilihat dari pertimbangan hakim yang segera memutus perkara tersebut untuk menghindari istri terus tersakiti dan terzolimi, Hifdz al-‘Aql yang dilihat dari pertimbangan hakim bahwa kedua belah pihak sudah tidak bisa untuk menyelesaikan masalahnya dengan kejernihan akal sehingga memicu pemikiran untuk saling menyakiti.
Mengenai pertimbangan hakim terhadap pembebanan nafkah pada perkara cerai gugat diatas sudah sesuai dengan pilar-pilar yang ada pada maqa>s}id al-shari>’ah yang meliputi beberapa unsur yakni Hifdz al-Ma>l yang dilihat dari diberikannya beban nafkah kepada suami mengingat harta suami masih ada hak istri yang belum diberikan. Hifdz al-Nasl dilihat dari kesamaan diberikannya idah pada cerai talak maupun gugat dengan tujuan memastikan bersihnya rahim istri dari benih anak oleh mantan suami, Hifdz al-Nafs yang dikarenakan hakim memberikan keringanan terhadap beban nafkah yang harus dibayarkan mengingat keterbatasan ekonomi dan mantan suami juga butuh materi untuk menyambung hidupnya, dan aspek tambahan yaitu Hifd al-Irdl yang dapat dilihat dari upaya hakim supaya hak istri bisa terpenuhi dengan diwajibkannya suami untuk membayar beberapa nafkah tersebut
The Dhabih Allah as metaphor for self-submission: a critical reassessment of the sacrifice narrative in Q.37:99-113
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
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