1,720,979 research outputs found
An extra-regional collaborative approach to Smart Specialization
No full textThis chapter outlines reasons for supporting and developing extra-regional collaboration between lagging and leading regions. It highlights the difficulties and inherent risks that typically lie within such an approach. We then consider existing European Union (EU) mechanisms to foster such collaboration, and explore these in the context of some illustrative examples from case research in Cornwall, UK, and Puglia, Italy. Both are officially recognised as lagging EU regions, and have been in receipt of significant EU funding. We conclude with some suggestions for policy
Industry and government in the long run: on the true story of the American model
No full textThis chapter aims at analyzing the long history of the industry-government relationship in the United States (US) and interpreting it with regard to the promotion of an American model of economy. Dealing with the debate on the government role in the US economy, it is immediately clear that indsutrial policy has been a contentious issue over America history. This chapter highlights the conflict between rhetoric and reality, by going beyond an ideological perspective in the debate about government relationship
Transforming industrial policy for the digital age: Production, territories and structural change
No full textThis book argues that digital globalization is inducing deep and productive transformations, making industrial policy necessary in order to reorientate development towards inclusive and more sustainable growth. The book also demonstrates that industrialization remains an important development process for emerging countries. Regarding the future of jobs, the authors show how the substitution of labour in automation is not inevitable since technology is also complementary to human capital. Policymakers should pay more attention to the new skills that will be required. A particular concern is is the rapid change in technology and business compared to institutions which take time to adapt. Territories have an important role to play in order to speed-up institutional adaptation, providing they can act coherently with the other levels of government
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Chinese industrialization, planning and policies: local growth and global equilibria
No full textIn this chapter, we focus on one particular initiative – the Specialized Towns program. Since the launch of the program in 2000, the number of Specialized Towns (STs from now on) has constantly grown, reaching a total of 416 in 2016 and becoming the backbone of Guangdong’s industrial growth according to its policymakers (Su & Sun, 2016). In 2015, they accounted for 37% of the provincial industrial output and 32% of the total export of the province, but in some prefectures (e.g. Foshan, Dongguan, Zhongshan) their contribution was close to 100% of the output: taken altogether, they produce nearly 384 Billion US$ a year (GDASS, 2017). A high number of the manufacturing towns included in the programme are examples of places where the alliance between Chinese and global goals has clearly been successful in incentivizing growth and industrialization. Indeed, some of them have become global production hubs, where huge quantities of manufactured goods are realized to respond to the international demand. Such towns have historically seen a strong intervention of overseas capitals and actors. The national and local government's actions have largely interacted with this production framework to plan and enhance industrial and economic performance, contributing to production efficiency, innovation, competitiveness and structural change.
Our aim is to offer detailed and unique analysis on the experience of STs. After having framed it in the literature debate (section 2) we focus on the description of the policy, on its tools and evolution in time (section 3) and on the trends of its spatial and sectoral distribution (section 4). To better describe the STs phenomenon in terms of economic and social achievements and limits, we concentrate on three cities (Dongguan, Foshan and Zhongshan) whose economic activity is predominated by STs (section 5). We conclude with some remarks about the challenges and perspectives of the program, that also set the future research agenda on the topic (section 6).
The analysis in this chapter is largely the result of a long-lasting research carried out by the authors on this topic, developed through a repeated series of fieldworks in Guangdong and in its STs, the last of which was held in July-September 2017. The fieldworks have allowed the authors to collect data and policy documents on-site, but also and above all to interview and discuss with several policy actors at various levels (provincial, city and townships), scholars and company managers and to see first-hand the results and the evolution of the STs program. These areas strongly contribute to national GDP and exports and in some specific products (smartphones, suitcases, toys only to name some) they cover a large portion of global production. It is therefore crucial to study the development trajectory of such territories to better understand the global consumption/production equilibria and the extent to which they trigger either inclusive innovation processes or mere exploitation of places
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Science-based industries and spin-offs
No full textThe paper presents a taxonomy of the different forms of spinoffs, with an analysis on their potential performance and backlashe
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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