302 research outputs found
Pleojassa wandeli Conlan 2021, new combination
No full textPleojassa wandeli (Chevreux, 1906) new combination (Figs 29–34) Jassa wandeli Chevreux, 1906, 94–99, Figs 54–56; 1913, 181, Fig. 61; J. L. Barnard, 1958, 85. Jassa falcata: Sexton & Reid, 1951, 73–74; (form 1) Thurston, 1974a, 46–47: 1974b, 101–102; Lowry & Bullock, 1976, 73. Description of male. (Not type; Billie Rocks, Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, 5 March 1965, M. H. Thurston, coll. (NHM 1969:735:39 station 10 (95)). Length 9.8 mm. Antenna 2: overlapped by antenna 1 to midway along article 5; article 5 and flagellum, posterior margin covered in a mass of plumose setae; simple setae absent; flagellum 3 articles, the last half the length of the second; article 1 87% of full flagellum length. Mandible: palp articles 2 and 3 without a dorsal fringe of setae; raker spines 4 right, 5 left. Gnathopod 1: coxal margins, anterior 113% of dorsal length; ventral margin straight; basis, anterior margins with a few fine setae spaced along their length, posterior margin with a single distal seta; carpus, length 65% of propodus length, posterior lobe 50% of anterior margin length, anterodistal setal cluster short, 39% of the anterior margin length; propodus, palm convex, with one defining spine slightly proximal of centre. Gnathopod 2: coxal margins, anterior 21% and posterior 83% of ventral length, ventral margin straight; carpus less than a quarter the length of the propodus, posterior lobe without a distal seta; propodus, palm, hinge tooth rectangular cuboid, shallowly bifid centrally, setae sparse but spread throughout the palm, thumb 36% of propodus length, distally squared, posterior margin straight, with clusters of setae subapically, and 3 groups posteriorly, and with 1 minute defining spine at its tip. Pereopod 3: coxa, greatest depth at the centre; basis, anterior margin straight; merus, anterior marginal setae in discrete, well spaced clusters, about a third the article width, article width 61% of length; carpus 44% overlapped by the merus; propodus, width 56% of length. Pereopods 5–7: setae and spines moderately abundant, basis posterodistally produced, anterior margin spinose; merus, posterior margin not spinose. Uropod 1: peduncle, posteroventral spinous process underlying 38% of the inner ramus, inner and outer rami with 7 and 13 mid-dorsal spines respectively. Uropod 2: peduncle, posteroventral spinous process underlying 10% of the inner ramus. Uropod 3: inner ramus with 2 dorso-medial spines. Condition. Without the left pereopod 5. Right appendages, telson and mouthparts slide mounted. Remaining appendages with the carcass. Description of adult female. (Not type; same location as for the male). Length 9.6 mm. Character states as in the male except as follows. Antenna 2: article 5, posterior margin with long simple setae mainly, but interspersed with a few plumose setae. Gnathopod 2: coxal margins, anterior 56% and posterior 94% of ventral length, ventral margin convex; propodus, hinge tooth strongly pronounced, palmar setae densely plumose throughout, so much so as to nearly obscure the shape of the palm. Condition. With all appendages. Right appendages, telson, and mouthparts slide mounted. Left appendages with the carcass. Variation. Maximum body length: male 10.8 mm, female 9.7 mm. In small individuals of both sexes, the filter setae on antenna 2 are long and plumose setae are absent. In the adult female, these long filter setae are also present along with some plumose setae on the flagellum (Fig. 33). In larger males, with or without thumbs, the filter setae are shorter and mixed with dense plumose setae. In the specimens available, plumose setae were evident at Ξ 5.5 mm body length. Males of a single population appeared to show a linear increase in antenna 2 article 5 length with body length (Fig. 31). Large males have long thumbs on the propodus of gnathopod 2 but unlike Jassa, development may be gradual over more than one molt (Conlan, 1989). This is indicated in the short thumbed male in Fig. 30, where a somewhat longer thumb was visible inside the cuticle. In Jassa, a thumb that is visible within the cuticle is always much longer than the subadult’s small “pre-thumb” (Conlan et al. in press). The thumb develops at the location of the single palmar defining spine. This spine, though small, can be seen at the tip of the thumb, even on some long-thumbed specimens. In the population graphed, the gnathopod 2 propodus was longer in the males than females of the same length (Fig. 32) and the relationship to body length appears to be linear in both sexes (although lack of mid-sized specimens in the males caused failure of the Durbin-Watson statistic for independent residuals and the Constant Variance Test using Spearman rank correlations). The shape of the gnathopod 2 dactyl margin also varies. In females of all sizes and in small males, the inner margin is straight. In males with a long thumb, the dactyl is curved and proximally produced (Fig. 30). Type material examined. Lectotype (here designated), ♂, Ile Booth-Wandel, Antarctica, 10 December 1904, Mission Charcot, among sponges at low tide, Expédition Antarctique Française (1903–1905) (MNHN, catalogue no. Am. 2630(1)). Paralectotypes, 1 ♀, 13 juveniles, same location. Other material examined. (excluded from type series): South Georgia: Royal Bucht, Moltke Hafen (54°15ʹS, 36°0ʹ45ʺW), 31 Aug. 1883, K. von den Steinen, coll., Deutsche Polar Commision 1882–1883, 1 juvenile (ZMH K- 32085 ex 22473). South Sandwich Group: Visokoi I. (56°42ʹS, 27°12ʹW), 13 Nov. 1908, C. A. Larsen, coll., 18–31 m depth, 1 ♀ (MfN), 1 juvenile (UiO F2973). Petermann I.: Pourquoi Pas?, Antarctica 1908–1910, 2 e Mission Charcot 1912, 1 Nov. 1909, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN Am. 2628); Pourquoi Pas?, Antarctica 1908–1910, 2 e Mission Charcot 1912, 16 Nov. 1909, M. le Dr. Liouville, coll., 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN Am. 2627). South Shetland Islands: Deception I. (62°57ʹS, 60°38ʹW), 17 Dec. 1927, C. Olstad, coll., 25 m depth, Norvegia Expedition No. 58, ~15 individuals, not sexed (UiO F2970), Kerguelen I.: S. baie du Morbihan, Port-Douzième, Durvillea antarctica holdfast, 13 Feb. 1966, J. C. Hureau, coll., littoral (D. Bellan-Santini loan), 1 ♂. South Orkney Islands: 46 collections from Billie Rocks, Berntsen Point, Elephant Flats, and Factory Cove, Signy Island, Dec., Apr. and June 1964 and Feb.–Apr. 1965, ~ 230 specimens, M. H. Thurston, coll. (NHM stations 1, 3, 4, 10, 13, 15–20, 22–26, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 46, 49 and 51). Remarks. Pleojassa wandeli resembles P. multidentata in thumb development and overall appearance. The latter can be distinguished by the shorter seta at the anterodistal junction of the carpus and propodus of gnathopod 1, lack of antenna 2 plumosity in the adult, denser plumosity of the gnathopod 2 palm in the female and juvenile, more pronounced hinge tooth, and pronounced uropod 2 peduncular process. Chevreux (1913) listed an additional specimen collected on Petermann Island at Port-Circoncision, 10 Oct. 1909, collected at 6 m depth from algae. This has not been seen but the other two collections listed were examined (listed above), which includes the long thumbed male illustrated by Chevreux (1913). A smaller male from Petermann Island (collected 16 Nov. 1909), showing an internal thumbed cuticle is illustrated in Fig. 30. Schellenberg (1926) may have been describing P. wandeli when he listed “ Jassa falcata ” from Kerguelen Island, collected in January 1902 during the Deutsche S̹dpolar-Expedition 1901–1903. Although not seen, these specimens are within the size range and location known for P. wandeli (females adult at 7–9.5 mm). This would make the first known collection of P. wandeli from Kerguelen Island much earlier than the 1966 collection of “ Jassa falcata ” lent by D. Bellan-Santini and confirmed to be P. wandeli (Table 2). Additional collections of “ Jassa falcata ” from Kerguelen and Crozet Islands reported by Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer (1973, 1974) are likely P. wandeli as well. No other species of Pleojassa, Hemijassa or Jassa are known from these islands. This would also expand the known range of P. wandeli to the Crozet Islands. Thurston (1974b) collected 572 specimens at Signy Island, naming them “ Jassa falcata form 1”. Many of these were examined for this study and are confirmed P. wandeli. Thurston (1974a) noted that his “ Jassa falcata ” from Deception Island (Γ 62.98°S 60.65°W), Hope Bay (63.3833°S, 56.9833°W), Port Lockroy (64.8252°S, 63.4945°W) and the Argentine Islands (65.25°S, 64.27°W) agreed with Chevreux’ (1906) description and figures of Pleojassa wandeli. Kim et al. (2014) found P. wandeli in a scuba collection at 20–30 m depth in Marian Cove, King George Island (62°12ʹ06.48ʺS, 58°44ʹ03.14ʺW). They included a photograph of the left lateral side of a live animal, showing the dorsum, coxae, antennae and distal part of the gnathopods pigmented dark brown. There was a contrasting reduced or lack of pigmentation around the edges of the articles, on the proximal parts of the gnathopods, and on the pereopods.Published as part of Conlan, Kathleen E., 2021, New genera for species of Jassa Leach (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and their relationship to a revised Ischyrocerini, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 4921 (1) on pages 50-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4921.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/449601
Studying Activated Fibroblast Phenotypes and Fibrosis-Linked Mechanosensing Using 3D Biomimetic Models
No full textFibrosis and solid tumor progression are closely related, with both involving pathways associated with chronic wound dysregulation. Fibroblasts contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in these processes, a crucial step in scarring, organ failure, and tumor growth, but little is known about the biophysical evolution of remodeling regulation during the development and progression of matrix-related diseases including fibrosis and cancer. A 3D collagen-based scaffold model is employed here to mimic mechanical changes in normal (2 kPa, soft) versus advanced pathological (12 kPa, stiff) tissues. Activated fibroblasts grown on stiff scaffolds show lower migration and increased cell circularity compared to those on soft scaffolds. This is reflected in gene expression profiles, with cells cultured on stiff scaffolds showing upregulated DNA replication, DNA repair, and chromosome organization gene clusters, and a concomitant loss of ability to remodel and deposit ECM. Soft scaffolds can reproduce biophysically meaningful microenvironments to investigate early stage processes in wound healing and tumor niche formation, while stiff scaffolds can mimic advanced fibrotic and cancer stages. These results establish the need for tunable, affordable 3D scaffolds as platforms for aberrant stroma research and reveal the contribution of physiological and pathological microenvironment biomechanics to gene expression changes in the stromal compartment
Peramphithoe chujaensis Kim, Hong, Conlan & Lee, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textPeramphithoe chujaensis sp. nov. (Korean name: Chu-ja-do-cham-yeop-sae-u, new) (figs 3–6) Type material. Holotype, adult male, 10.9 mm, (appendages on one slide), cat no. NIBRIV0000246630, Sangchujado Is., Jeju-si, Korea, 33 ° 57 ʹ 51 ʺN, 126 ° 17 ʹ 11 ʺE; 15 November 2008 (Y.H. Kim) by SCUBA diving at 6 m in depth. Paratypes, 1 Ƥ, 10.7 mm, dissected (appendages on one slide), NIBRIV0000246631, other data same as Holotype; 1 adult Ƥ, 6.8 mm, CMNC 2012 -0012, other data same as holotype; and the remaining paratypes (15 juveniles, 3.2–5.8 mm), DKU 201204, in the collection of the first author. Type locality. Sangchujado Is., Jeju-si, Korea. Etymology. The species name is derived from the type locality, Chujado Island located off the south coast of Korea. Diagnosis. Head as long as wide. Eye circular, medium. Epimeral plate 2 quadrate posteroventrally, epimeral plate 3 subquadrate posteroventrally. Antenna 1 peduncular article 1 subequal in length to article 2, flagellum elongate, more than 3 x as long as peduncle. Antenna 2 less than half length of antenna 1, with plumose setae ventrally (male only). Lower lip, medial lobe of outer lobe as long as lateral lobe. Maxilla 1 inner plate with 1 subapical seta. Maxilla 2 inner plate subequal in length to outer. Maxilliped outer plate extending beyond end of palp article 2. Gnathopod 1 carpus subequal to propodus. In male, gnathopod 2 propodus dilated proximally, about 0.7 x as wide as long, palm excavate. In male, pereopods 5–7 meri and carpi strongly expanded. In female, gnathopod 2 propodus, pereopods 5–7 meri and carpi rectangular, ordinary. Uropod 3 peduncle more than twice the length of rami. Description. Male, holotype. Body (figs 3, 4A) 10.9 mm long; head as long as wide, subequal in length to pereonites 1–2 combined; circular eye occupying lateral cephalic lobes; pereon and pleon smooth; Epimeral plates 1–3 (Fig. 4 B) without ventral seta or spine, epimeral plate 2 quadrate posteroventrally, epimeral plate 3 roundedquadrate posteroventrally, prominently concave midposteriorly. Antenna 1 (Fig. 4 C) less setose than antenna 2, about 0.7 x as long as body length, length ratio of peduncular articles 1–3 = 1.00: 0.92: 0.28, article 1 with 2 ventral and 3 distoventral spinules; flagellum 37 -articulate, 3.52 x as long as peduncle; accessory flagellum absent. Antenna 2 (Fig. 4 D) setose, short, about 0.4 x as long as antenna 1; length ratio peduncular articles 3–5 = 1.00: 2.50: 2.14; ventral margins of peduncular articles 3–5 and flagellum with transverse rows of plumose and simple setae; flagellum 13 -articulate, 0.61 x as long as peduncle. Lower lip (Fig. 4 E) inner lobe ovate; outer lobe tripartite, medial lobe subequal in length to lateral lobe, both lobes pubescent apically. Right mandible (Fig. 4 F) incisor with 9 blunt teeth; lacinia mobilis with 7 tiny crenulated teeth; molar truncate, fully triturating; accessory setal row of 11 setae between lacinia mobilis and molar; palp well developed, triarticulate, article 2 1.28 x as long as distal one, with one submarginal seta; article 3 with 8 pinnate unequal setae on distal margin; left mandible similar to right one, but lacinia mobilis 9 dentate, more distinct and more pointed than that of the right one. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 4 G) inner plate subtriangular, with subapical seta; outer plate with 10 sclerotized spine-teeth (3 simple, 2 bifid and 6 denticulate) apically; palp biarticulate, distal article with 1 simple and 3 tricuspidate spines apically. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 4 H) inner plate subequal in length but more slender than outer one, apical and inner margins with row of pinnate setae; outer plate with pinnate setae on apical and apicolateral margins. Maxilliped (Fig. 4 I) inner plate developed, lateral and apical submargins with pinnate setae, apical margin with 1 spine on right, 2 on left; outer plate subovate, extending beyond end of palp article 2, inner margin with 1 longitudinal row of conical, serrated teeth, distal half of outer margin with slender setiform teeth and setae; palp 4 -articulate, article 1 short, with 3 simple setae apically, article 2 1.33 x as long as article 3, with a row of pinnate setae on inner margin, article 4 0.68 x as long as article 3, with inner marginal surface covered by tiny setules; unguis acute, well developed. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 5 A) coxa subrectangular, with 4 simple setae posterodistally; carpus subequal in length to propodus, posterior margin slightly rounded with unequal simple setae; propodus subrectangular, palm transverse, straight, defined by 1 small spine; dactylus falcate, with 1 penicillate seta anteroproximally; length ratio of articles 2–7 = 1.00: 0.24: 0.37: 0.59: 0.61: 0.30. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 5 B) coxa similar to coxa 1, with 5 unequal setae on distal margin; basis subrectangular, with long setae posteriorly; carpus subtriangular, rounded posterior lobe setaceous; propodus large, about 0.7 x as wide as long, subequal in length to basis, distal part narrower than proximal; palm excavate, curved concavely, with densely long to short setae marginally; dactylus falcate, with 1 penicillate seta anteroproximally, row of setules on medial margin, 0.83 x as long as propodus. Pereopod 3 (Fig. 5 C) coxa subrectangular, ventral margin smooth, truncated, with 6 setae posterodistally; basis expanded, with row of simple setae posteriorly; merus widening anteriorly, anterodistal corner protruding; dactylus falcate, with 1 penicillate seta anteroproximally; length ratio of articles 2–7 = 1.00: 0.25: 0.47: 0.41: 0.38: 0.19. Pereopod 4 similar to pereopod 3, but coxa (Fig. 5 D) slightly wider than coxa 3. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 5 E) coxa bilobate, dorsodistal protruding lobe with 2 feeble spines; basis expanded, subequal in length to width, anterior margin with 1 proximal spine and several groups of setae, posterovental lobe slightly protruding, with 1 spine; merus subtriangular, strongly expanding distally; carpus subquadrate, expanded, 1.05 x as long as wide; propodus comparatively more slender than carpus, posterior margin with a row of 5 robust spines and 2 subdistal spines; length ratio of articles 2–7 = 1.00: 0.35: 0.68: 0.76: 0.76: 0.24. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 5 F) basis weakly expanded, 1.61 x as long as wide, with 1 spine posterodistally; merus and carpus expanded, subequal in length; propodus narrow, subrectangular, posterior margin with 5 robust spines and triad spines subdistally; length ratio of articles 2–7 = 1.00: 0.25: 0.45: 0.49: 0.76: 0.21. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 5 G) similar to pereopod 6, but longer and wider; carpus subequal in length and 3.2 x as wide as to propodus; length ratio of articles 2–7 = 1.00: 0.29: 0.68: 0.70: 0.73: 0.20. Uropod 1 (Fig. 5 H) peduncle 1.1 x as long as inner ramus, bearing enlarged distoventral spur, with 5 dorsolateral (2 proximal spines missing), 7 dorsomedial spines and a row of basofacial setae; outer ramus slightly shorter than inner one. Uropod 2 (Fig. 6 A) peduncle subequal in length to outer ramus, ventral spur short and slightly pointed, with 3 dorsolateral and 3 dorsomedial spines; outer ramus slightly shorter than inner one, both rami with 2 rows of spines, and a cluster apically. Uropod 3 (Fig. 6 B) peduncle more than twice the length of rami, with 3 groups of lateral setae, a row of 11 ventral setae laterally, duad and triad spines mediodistally; both rami subequal in length, outer ramus bearing 2 hooked terminal spines, inner one apically setose and with one small spine. Telson (Fig. 6 C) fleshy, subtriangular, wider than deep, posterodistal apex truncate and bulging, with simple or penicillate setae submarginally. Female, paratype. Body (Fig. 6 D) length 10.7 mm, morphologically similar to male in shape, including gnathopod 1, which is not sexually dimorphic, subchelate. Antenna 2, gnathopod 2 and pereopods 5-7 sexually dimorphic. Antenna 2 lacking plumose setae ventrally. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 6 E), carpus subequal in length to propodus. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 6 F), carpus subtriangular and shorter than carpus of gnathopod 1; propodus similar in shape to but wider than propodus of gnathopod 1; palm steeply oblique. Pereopods 5–7 (figs 6 G–I), meri and carpi not expanded but ordinary rectangular in form. Variation. Unfortunately, only one mature male specimen was collected in the present study so that it is impossible to judge how much variation may occur during the mature stage in male. Body length at maturity of male is 10.9 mm, female 6.8-10.7 mm, because the 6.8 mm female (CMNC 2012 -0012) was found brooding offspring. In these 2 mature females, gnathopod 1 to pereopod 7 ratio of article lengths are similar to each other. The mature female, 6.8 mm, however, pereopods 5–7 bases slightly wider than those of large female (10.7 mm long); pereopods 5–7 propodi with a row of 4, 5, and 4 spines along posterior margins, respectively, while 5, 6, and 4 spines in the large female; uropods 1–2 peduncles with 5 and 3 dorsolateral spines, while 6 and 3 in the large female; uropods 1–2 outer rami with 6 and 5 outer spines, while 7 and 5 in the large female. On the other hand, small juveniles (4.2–5.8 mm), antenna 1 has a flagellum of 17–30; antenna 2 a flagellum of 9–13 articles; pereopods 5–7 propodi with a row of 3 –4, 4, 3–4 spines posteriorly; uropods 1–2 peduncles with 3–4 and 2 dorsolateral spines; uropods 1–2 rami with 3–5 and 3–4 outer spines. Remarks. Among the species of genus Peramphithoe, only 3 other species have some degree of enlargement or broadening of pereopods 5–7 in the male: P. fa l s a Barnard, 1932, P. s p u r i a Krapp-Schickel, 1978 and P. p a r m e rong Poore & Lowry, 1997. However, male of P. chujaensis sp. nov. has a concave palm in the gnathopod 2 and ventral plumose setae on the antenna 2. These conditions do not occur in its congeners. Molecular data. CO 1 gene sequences (GenBank accession numbers JN 575621 – JN 575622) were obtained from two specimens. Sequence alignment was straightforward without any insertion or deletion. Intra-specific variation of the CO 1 gene sequence of P. chujaensis sp. nov. ranged 0.4 %, while inter-specific variation ranged from a low of 9.1 % (P. chujaensis sp. nov. and P. namhaensis) to a high of 12.1 % (P. chujaensis sp. nov. and P. t e a) (Figure 12, Table 2). Distribution. Korea (Chujado Is.).Published as part of Kim, Young-Hyo, Hong, Soon-Sang, Conlan, Kathleen E. & Lee, Kyung-Sook, 2012, The genus Peramphithoe Conlan & Bousfield, 1982 from Korean waters (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ampithoidae), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3400 on pages 6-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21118
The major outer-membrane proteins of Chlamydia trachomatis serovars A and B: intra-serovar amino acid changes do not alter specificities of serovar- and C subspecies-reactive antibody-binding domains
No full textThe major outer-membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis is a promising candidate antigen for chlamydial vaccine development. We have sequenced the MOMP genes for a serovar A and a serovar B isolate and have compared these new sequences with those already reported. Intra-serovar changes in the inferred amino acid sequences of the surface-exposed variable segments known to be responsible for binding of neutralizing antibody were observed. Nevertheless, epitope mapping with solid-phase peptides showed that these intra-serovar changes did not affect the binding of serovar- and subspecies-specific, potentially protective antibodies. Variable segment 1 of C. trachomatis serovar A contained two adjacent antibody-binding sites, one of which was C-subspecies specific while the other was serovar A specific. Therefore the subspecies binding site for C-complex organisms is in variable segment 1, whilst that for B-complex organisms is in variable segment 4. This work shows that MOMP sequences are relatively stable within the serovar categorization for isolates taken decades apart from different continents. Within a given serovar, however, limited interchange of functionally related amino acids may occur without impairing the binding of serovar-specific antibody
Thermal robustness of magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular shape anisotropy
No full textThe concept of Perpendicular Shape Anisotropy STT-MRAM (PSA-STT-MRAM) has been recently proposed as a solution to enable the downsize scalability of STT-MRAM devices beyond the sub-20 nm technology node. For conventional p-STT-MRAM devices with sub-20 nm diameters, the perpendicular anisotropy arising from the MgO/CoFeB interface becomes too weak to ensure thermal stability of the storage layer. In addition, this interfacial anisotropy rapidly decreases with increasing temperature which constitutes a drawback in applications with a large range of operating temperatures. Here, we show that by using a PSA based storage layer, the source of anisotropy is much more robust against thermal fluctuations than the interfacial anisotropy, which allows considerable reduction of the temperature dependence of the coercivity. From a practical point of view, this is very interesting for applications having to operate on a wide range of temperatures (e.g. automotive -40 °C/+150 °C)
Ischyrocerini Kroyer 1838
No full textKey to genera of the Ischyrocerini 1 Urosome 1 bearing 3 dorsal teeth or cusps (Fig. 35a).................................. Bathyphotis Stephensen, 1944 – Urosome 1 without dorsal teeth although there may be a pair of short setae (Fig. 35b)............................... 2 2 Pereopods 5–7, ischium posteriorly winged (Fig. 35c). Uropod 3 uniramous, ramus ending in a cluster of spines (Fig. 35e).................................................................................. Alatajassa Conlan, 2007 – Pereopods 5–7, ischium not posteriorly winged (Fig. 35d). Uropod 3 biramous (Fig. 35f)...............................3 3 Pereopods 3–4, propodus prehensile (Fig. 35g)......................................... Isaeopsis K.H. Barnard, 1916 – Pereopods 3–4, propodus rectangular or oval and not expanded distally (Fig. 35h).....................................4 4 Coxa 4 posteriorly excavate (Fig. 35i)........................................................................5 – Coxa 4 not posteriorly excavate (though it may be shallowly concave) (Fig. 35j)......................................7 5 Gnathopod 1, carpus longer than the propodus (carpus:propodus length ~125%). Gnathopod 2, female, propodus massive, length ~175% the length of the propodus of gnathopod 1, palm toothed (Fig. 35k)............. Veronajassa Vader and Myers, 1996 – Gnathopod 1, carpus subequal to or shorter than the propodus (carpus: propodus length ~45–95%). Gnathopod 2, female, propodus not massive, length ~125% the length of the propodus of gnathopod 1, palm not toothed (Fig. 35l)....................6 6 Eyes absent. Maxilla 1, inner plate with a long apical seta (Fig. 36a). Coxa 1 more than half the depth of coxae 2–4. Gnathopod 1, carpus length ~95% the length of the propodus; propodus, palm shallowly excavate (Figs 36c, d)................................................................................................. Myersius Souza-Filho & Serejo, 2014 – Eyes present. Maxilla 1, inner plate without a long apical seta (Fig. 36b). Coxa 1 ± half the depth of coxae 2–4. Gnathopod 1, carpus length ~45–50% the length of the propodus; propodus, palm convex (Figs 36e, f)........... Microjassa Stebbing, 1899 7 Gnathopod 1, carpus ~100% the length of the propodus. Pereopods 3 and 4, dactyl ~175% the length of the propodus (Fig. 36g)................................................................................ Scutischyrocerus Myers, 1995 – Gnathopod 1, carpus shorter than the propodus. Pereopods 3 and 4, dactyl ±90% the length of the propodus (Fig. 36h)........8 8 Uropod 3 with a cluster of distolateral setae beside the outer ramus (Fig. 36i). Jassa group..............................9 – Uropod 3 without a cluster of distolateral setae beside the outer ramus Fig. 36j)......................................13 9 Antenna 1, accessory flagellum absent or scale-like (Fig. 37a)................................ Parajassa Stebbing, 1899 – Antenna 1, accessory flagellum 2 articles, the second minute (Fig. 37b)............................................10 10 Gnathopods and pereopods 3–4 clothed in abundant, long plumose setae (Fig. 3). Gnathopod 2, either sex, propodus, palm bearing a central tooth and a second tooth at the palmar angle, with or without a single large spine at the palmar angle (Fig. 37c)............................................................................................. Plumulojassa n. gen. – Gnathopods and pereopods 3–4, setae simple or finely pectinate except in the palm of the male gnathopod 2 where the setae may be plumose (Figs 17, 22, 25 and 27– 29). Gnathopod 2, either sex, propodus, palm sinuous, concave or with a pronounced thumb defining the palm proximally, spines if present grouped in triplicate or if single, very small (Figs 37 d–f)..................11 11 Gnathopods 1 and 2, propodus, palm defined by 1 spine. Gnathopod 2 without a gill. Pereopod 5, carpus with a cluster of spines posterodistally. Pleopods, rami very short, length ± depth of the pleon (Figs 22–28)....................... Pleojassa n. gen. – Gnathopods 1 and 2, propodus, palm defined by multiple spines (usually 3–4). Gnathopod 2 with a gill. Pereopod 5, carpus not spinose posterodistally. Pleopods, rami long, length> depth of the pleon (Fig. 17)....................................12 12 Gnathopod 2, propodus, both sexes producing a thumb at adulthood, palmar defining spines, if present, at the thumb tip (Fig. 37e), juvenile palm sinuous, without a thumb; pereopods 3 and 4, carpus <25% overlapped by the merus; uropod 3, outer ramus with many minute cusps proximal of the dorsally recurved terminal spine but without additional larger cusps (Figs 17–21)............................................................................................. Hemijassa Walker, 1907 – Gnathopod 2, propodus, only the male producing a thumb at adulthood, palmar defining spines, if present, proximal of the thumb tip (Fig. 37f), juvenile palm concave or sinuous, without a thumb; pereopods 3 and 4, carpus 80–100% overlapped by the merus; uropod 3, outer ramus with 2 (usually) larger cusps in addition to minute cusps proximal of the dorsally recurved terminal spine (Figs 35b,d,f,h, 36 h,i and 37f)................................................................ Jassa Leach, 1814 13 Uropods 1, 2 and/or 3, peduncle with lateral row of setae (Fig. 37g)..................... Ruffojassa Vader and Myers, 19961 – Uropods 1, 2 and/or 3, peduncle without a lateral row of setae...................................................14 14 Antenna 1, accessory flagellum 3–4 articles, the last minute. Uropod 3, outer ramus with one to several medial setae projecting dorsally (Fig. 37h)................................................................ Ventojassa J. L. Barnard, 1970 – Antenna 1, accessory flagellum 1–2 articles, the last minute. Uropod 3, outer ramus without medial setae projecting dorsally.........................................................................................................15 15 Gnathopod 1, carpus longer than the propodus (carpus ~120% of the propodus length). Known only from subantarctic islands and Brazil, 44–1058 m......................................................... Pseudischyrocerus Schellenberg, 1931 – Gnathopod 1, carpus shorter than the propodus (carpus ~50–95% of the propodus length). Various locations and depths......16 16 Mandibular palp, article 3 slender, ventrally convex and broadest centrally, tip acute (Fig. 37i). Antennae 1 and 2, length Ξ85% of the body length (headlobe to end of uropods), antenna 2 not stouter than antenna 1. Pereopods 3 and 4, merus not overlapping the carpus anteriorly. Uropod 2, outer ramus, length 65% of the inner ramus....................... Paradryope Stebbing, 18882 – Mandibular palp, article 3 broad distally, end rounded (Fig. 37j). Antennae 1 and 2, length ±65% of the body length (headlobe to end of uropods), antenna 2 stouter than or similar to antenna 1. Pereopods 3 and 4, merus overlapping 10–100% of the carpus. Uropod 2, outer ramus, length 75–80% of the inner ramus.......................................................17 17 Adult male gnathopod 2 grossly lengthened and pendulate, length 190–350% of the length of gnathopod 1, propodus slender, length 180–400% of its width at the centre, dactyl 50–100% of the length of the propodus (Figs 38 a-c). Uropod 3 with 1–2 rows of mid-dorsal spines but without a corona of multiple spines on the distal margin (Fig. 38d). Warm temperate and tropical, Northern and Southern Hemisphere, known from 9– 40°N and 5– 34°S, 0–16 m depth................... Neoischyrocerus Conlan, 1995 – Adult male gnathopod 2 variable in length but not pendulate, length 100–220% of the length of gnathopod 1, propodus variably slender or stout, length 120–290% of its width at the centre, dactyl 33–75% of the length of the propodus (Figs 38 e-g). Uropod 3 with 1–2 rows of mid-dorsal spines and a corona of numerous spines on the distal margin 3 (Fig. 38h). Cold temperate and polar, primarily Northern Hemisphere, known from 36– 81°N and 42°S, 1–2000 m depth............... Ischyrocerus Krøyer, 1838Published as part of Conlan, Kathleen E., 2021, New genera for species of Jassa Leach (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and their relationship to a revised Ischyrocerini, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 4921 (1) on pages 61-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4921.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/449601
Serologic study of pig-associated viral zoonoses in Laos
No full textWe conducted a serologic survey of four high-priority pig-associated viral zoonoses, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), Nipah virus (NiV), and swine influenza virus (SIV), in Laos. We collected blood from pigs at slaughter during May 2008-January 2009 in four northern provinces. Japanese encephalitis virus hemagglutination inhibition seroprevalence was 74.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 71.5-77.9%), JEV IgM seroprevalence was 2.3% (95% CI = 1.2-3.2%), and HEV seroprevalence was 21.1% (95% CI = 18.1-24.0%). Antibodies to SIV were detected in 1.8% (95% CI = 0.8-2.8%) of pigs by screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and only subtype H3N2 was detected by hemagglutination inhibition in two animals with an inconclusive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay result. No NiV antibody-positive pigs were detected. Our evidence indicates that peak JEV and HEV transmission coincides with the start of the monsoonal wet season and poses the greatest risk for human infection
Thomas John Wydrzynski (8 July 1947–16 March 2018)
No full textWith this Tribute, we remember and honor Thomas John (Tom) Wydrzynski. Tom was a highly innovative, independent and committed researcher, who had, early in his career, defined his life-long research goal. He was committed to understand how Photosystem II produces molecular oxygen from water, using the energy of sunlight, and to apply this knowledge towards making artificial systems. In this tribute, we summarize his research journey, which involved working on 'soft money' in several laboratories around the world for many years, as well as his research achievements. We also reflect upon his approach to life, science and student supervision, as we perceive it. Tom was not only a thoughtful scientist that inspired many to enter this field of research, but also a wonderful supervisor and friend, who is deeply missed (see footnote*).Biographical item</p
Fluorinated/siloxane copolymer blends for fouling release: chemical characterisation and biological evaluation with algae and barnacles
No full textFouling-release coatings were prepared from blends of a fluorinated/siloxane copolymer with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) matrix in order to couple the low modulus character of PDMS with the low surface tension typical for fluorinated polymers. The content of the surface-active copolymer was varied in the blend over a broad range (0.15-10 wt % with respect to PDMS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling analyses were performed on the coatings to establish the distribution of specific chemical constituents throughout the coatings, and proved enrichment in fluorine of the outermost layers of the coating surface. Addition of the fluorinated/siloxane copolymer to the PDMS matrix resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in settlement of barnacles showed that adhesion strength on the fluorinated/siloxane copolymer was significantly lower than the siloxane control. However, differences in adhesion strength were not directly correlated with the concentration of copolymer in the blends
Iceberg Scour and Shell Damage in the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica
No full textWe document differences in shell damage and shell thickness in a bivalve mollusc (Laternula elliptica) from seven sites around Antarctica with differing exposures to ice movement. These range from 60% of the sea bed impacted by ice per year (Hangar Cove, Antarctic Peninsula) to those protected by virtually permanent sea ice cover (McMurdo Sound). Patterns of shell damage consistent with blunt force trauma were observed in populations where ice scour frequently occurs; damage repair frequencies and the thickness of shells correlated positively with the frequency of iceberg scour at the different sites with the highest repair rates and thicker shells at Hangar Cove (74.2% of animals damaged) compared to the other less impacted sites (less than 10% at McMurdo Sound). Genetic analysis of population structure using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) revealed no genetic differences between the two sites showing the greatest difference in shell morphology and repair rates. Taken together, our results suggest that L. elliptica exhibits considerable phenotypic plasticity in response to geographic variation in physical disturbance
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