3,555 research outputs found
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
No full textThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
No full textIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
Making Globalization Work: Towards Global Economic Justice
No full textGlobalization as a corporate-led process has come under much justifiable criticism. This paper attempts to give the term analytic content distinct from its more ideological formulations.. It then focuses on a normative analysis of globalization from the capabilities perspective. A freedom-centered perspective such as the capabilities approach emphasizes policies and institutions that can enhance freedom globally and locally. A global governance structure based on transparent principles of both economic efficiency and social justice is shown to be a desirable state of affairs; however, the present fractured process of globalization is more likely to end up in a fragmenting regionalism or even national protectionism and rivalry. Multilateral cooperation on the basis of the framework advanced here is an urgent necessity.To this end the creation of international regimes of cooperation in areas ranging from trade and finance to ecological and women's and minorities rights issues must be put on the international and national social and political agendasGlobalization, Global Justice, Capabilities, Financial Crisis, Global Financial Architecture, Global Society
Maria Angela ORLANDI, Le Costituzioni dei paesi dell'Europa centro-orientale di ispirazione sovietica, in F. Bonini e S. Guerrieri (a cura di), La scrittura delle Costituzioni. Il secondo dopoguerra in un quadro mondiale, Bologna, Il Mulino,
No full textL’articolo analizza le diverse fasi che hanno condotto alla diffusione dello Stato socialista nei Paesi dell’Europa centro orientale al termine della II guerra mondiale. Un passaggio sancito dall’adozione di nuove Costituzioni chiaramente ispirate al testo costituzionale staliniano del 1936 e che recepiscono già sia sotto il profilo istituzionale sia sotto quello dei diritti alcuni dei principi propri di questa forma di Stato.The article investigates the different phases leading to the diffusion of the socialist state in Central and Eastern European countries at the end of the Second World War. This passage was ratified by the adoption of new Constitutions based explicitly on the Stalinist constitutional text of 1936 and which already incorporate several principles of this form of State from an institutional and a legal point of view
Off-label and unlicensed drug use in hospitalized newborns in a Saudi tertiary care hospital: A cohort study
No full textObjective: To determine the extent of off-label and unlicensed prescribing in hospitalized newborns and to identify patient-related risk factors associated with off-label prescribing. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted between January and March 2016 at a neonatology department of a tertiary-care hospital in the Eastern province. All consecutive admissions to all neonatal care levels meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were eligible for enrollment. All prescriptions were classified as off-label or unlicensed according to drug product monograph. Clinical and prescription data were extracted using a pilot-tested structured data collection sheet. Results: During the study period 583 prescriptions were made for 138 newborns, of which 29.7% (173/583) and 12.9% (75/583) were classified as off-label and unlicensed drugs respectively for use in neonates. Thirty-four percent (47/138) of patients received at least one off-label/unlicensed medicine. Mechanical ventilation, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit and length of hospital stay were identified as independent risk factors associated with prescribing of at least one off-label medication. Conclusion: Use of off-label and unlicensed drugs in hospitalized newborns seems to be a common practice in this Saudi hospital. Future research should evaluate safety and efficacy of off-label and/or unlicensed use of drugs in neonates
Expression of the hMSH6 mismatch-repair protein in colon cancer and HeLa cells
No full textPRINCIPLES: 10 to 15% of human colon cancers are associated with an inherited or somatic defect of the DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR) system, which has evolved to correct biosynthetic errors such as nucleotide mis-incorporations or misalignments arising during DNA replication in the S phase of the cell-cycle. Although expression of the MMR genes was expected to be cell-cycle dependent, we and others observed that the MMR proteins hMSH2 and hMLH1 are expressed constitutively in proliferating cells. METHODS: In this study we extend our observations to another essential MMR protein, hMSH6. We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression pattern of this protein in human colorectal mucosa and tumours, as well as in synchronised HeLa-S3 cells, in which we analysed its steady-state levels during the cell-cycle. RESULTS: We show that the immunohistochemical pattern of expression of hMSH6 in normal colorectal crypts and in colon cancers differs significantly from that of the other MMR proteins, with a much lower percentage of replicating cells being hMSH6-positive. This implies that hMSH6 could be cell-cycle regulated. In order to test this hypothesis in a model system, we synchronised HeLa-S3 cells with mitotic shake-off and found that the hMSH6 protein was detectable throughout the cell-cycle, but that its steady-state level increased when cells progressed from G1 to S-phase. DISCUSSION: The increase of hMSH6 steadystate level when cells enter S-phase was expected, since MMR acts during DNA replication. However, the overall low level of oscillations of hMSH6 during the cell-cycle in this cellular model apparently does not fit the immunohistochemical phenotype. We believe that this discrepancy is due to the fact that human cell lines proliferate at a much higher rate than normal and neoplastic colorectal cells in vivo
Prospective study of NSAIDs prescribing in Saudi Arabia: Cardiovascular and gastrointestinal risk in patients with diabetes mellitus
No full textObjectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prescriptions in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and to evaluate their suitability based on patient gastrointestinal/cardiovascular (GI/CV) risk profiles. Materials and methods: We retrospectively identified patients with DM, who were seen at a primary care facility from March 1 to 31, 2016. GI risk factors, CV histories, and current medications were recorded. Data were evaluated for appropriateness of NSAID prescribing by using current understanding and accepted guidelines. Results: A total of 443 evaluable patients were reviewed. NSAIDs were prescribed in 171 patients (38.5%). Ibuprofen (23.5%) was the most frequently prescribed drug, followed by celecoxib (20%) and naproxen (14.1%). Of 171 patients, 76 (44.4%) had a previous history of CV events, while 52 patients without CV history had a moderate to very high 10-year risk of heart disease. Markedly fewer patients with CV history (19.1%) than patients without CV history were prescribed naproxen. Patients at high GI risk (22.9%) were prescribed traditional NSAIDs without a gastroprotective agent. Overall, 22.9% of patients at high GI risk and 65.8% at high CV risk were prescribed NSAIDs that were not in accordance with current guidelines or recommendations of regulatory agencies. Conclusion: Inappropriate prescribing of NSAIDs was found in more than half of the studied DM patients who were at risk for significant GI and CV adverse events. Assessment of GI and CV risks in DM patients is crucial to tailor NSAID selection and optimize patient outcomes
4-Methylbenzyl 4-aminobenzoate
No full textThe dihedral angle between the two benzene rings in the title compound, C15H15NO2, is 65.28 (12)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H ... N and N—H ... O hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of supramolecular chains along the a-axis direction
Role of the Microbiome in the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Cancers
No full textPurpose: Stomach and esophageal cancers are among the highest mortality from cancers worldwide. Microbiota has an interplaying role within the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Dysbiosis occurs when a disruption of the balance between the microbiota and the host happens. With this narrative review, we discuss the main alterations in the microbiome of gastroesophageal cancer, revealing its potential role in the pathogenesis, early detection, and treatment. Results: Helicobacter pylori plays a major role the development of a cascade of preneoplastic conditions ranging from atrophic gastritis to metaplasia and dysplasia, ultimately culminating in gastric cancer, while other pathogenic agents are Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, and Lactobacillus. Campylobacter species (spp.)'s role in the progression of esophageal adenocarcinoma may parallel that of Helicobacter pylori in the context of gastric cancer, with other esophageal carcinogenic agents being Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Moreover, gut microbiome could significantly alter the outcomes of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The gut microbiome can be modulated through interventions such as antibiotics, probiotics, or prebiotics intake. Fecal microbiota transplantation has emerged as a therapeutic strategy as well. Conclusions: Nowadays, it is widely accepted that changes in the normal gut microbiome causing dysbiosis and immune dysregulation play a role gastroesophageal cancer. Different interventions, including probiotics and prebiotics intake are being developed to improve therapeutic outcomes and mitigate toxicities associated with anticancer treatment. Further studies are required in order to introduce the microbiome among the available tools of precision medicine in the field of anticancer treatment
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