292 research outputs found
Microfluidic particle tracking technique towards white blood cell subtype counting and serum protein quantification
No full textMicrofluidic technologies have gained wide acceptance in the past decade as diagnostics tools in clinical setting world-wide. This is primarily due to the fact that microfluidic technologies enable rapid, quantitative assays from small amount of physiological sample in an easy-to-use, portable platform. In this work, we will describe a microfluidic technique that can be built upon to count white blood cell subtypes or serum protein from a drop of blood. Traditionally, researchers have counted white blood cell subtypes by capturing them. However, an elegant and more accurate way to do the same is by exploiting the transitory interactions between the antigen on the surface of the cell and a cognate antibody. Cells expressing the antigen of interest will take longer to traverse a microchannel which has been coated with a cognate antibody compared to the cells which don't express that antigen. To our knowledge, no microfluidic assay exists which can rapidly count cells using this principle. Towards this end, we have developed a repeatable experimental technique to control the transit time and the order of particles in a microchannel. To least affect the uniformity of transit time, we have also optimized the geometry of pillars in the microchannel on which antibodies are functionalized.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2018-08-01The student, Tanmay Ghonge, accepted the attached license on 2016-07-20 at 20:20.The student, Tanmay Ghonge, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-07-20 at 20:22.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-07-22 at 15:07.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10043 on 2016-11-10 at 12:21:02Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T18:27:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
GHONGE-THESIS-2016.pdf: 2007682 bytes, checksum: 2e84b6da47c9ce69ad66e0b45f92a31f (MD5)
LICENSE.txt: 4210 bytes, checksum: 80de1a9885d9f902620d9b6cd84a0e36 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-07-22Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 95295
Lift date: 2018-11-10T18:28:02Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 95295 on 2018-11-11T10:15:11Z
Point-of-care microfluidic assays for measuring expression level of antigen on blood cells
No full textElevated expression of a membrane protein CD64 on neutrophils is linked with the onset of sepsis, a life-threatening syndrome that contributes to millions of deaths annually worldwide. The survival rate of septic patients falls rapidly every hour the appropriate medication is delayed. Therefore, automated and periodic measurements of CD64 expression (nCD64) at the patient’s bedside could lead to timely medical intervention, thereby saving lives and billions of dollars. Gold standard assays for measuring nCD64, such as flow cytometry, require manual sample preparation and long incubation times. For point-of-care applications, however, an assay should be able to measure nCD64 with little to no sample preparation.
This dissertation addresses the need by investigating portable, point-of-care platforms for measuring nCD64 from whole blood without any off-chip sample preparation. Our first platform is an electrical biosensor that measures nCD64 by measuring the fraction of immunologically captured cells expressing CD64. It consists of a capture chamber, for immunologically capturing cells and microfluidic coulter counters at its entrance and exit. In our study, we found that the fraction of cells expressing CD64 correlates linearly with nCD64. For our study, we optimized the geometry of the capture chamber and the coulter counters from the first principles of fluid mechanics and electrostatics respectively. This biosensor can produce a readout of nCD64 starting from just 10 μL of blood in 10 mins. Although this technique does not require off-chip sample preparation, red blood cells have to be lysed on-chip so that white blood cells can be counted by the electrical counters.
Lysing red blood cells on-chip adds a step which requires multiple pumps running in parallel. Ideally, the technique should be able to measure nCD64 without red blood cell lysis. Towards that, we have developed an optical, microfluidic cell capture assay that works from whole blood. We demonstrate the proof-of-concept of this assay by measuring the density of biotin molecules on beads. We injected beads in a capture chamber that is functionalized with neutravidin. Beads that have a higher density of travel, on average, shorter distances in the chamber before they get captured compared to the beads with a lower density of biotin. We developed a statistical model to extract the probability of capture (ε) per interaction with a pillar from the spatial distribution of beads in the channel. ε is found to be linearly proportional to the surface density of biotin.
We expanded this optical technique to measure the nCD64 on neutrophils. One μL blood whole blood is injected in a microfluidic channel consisting of a capture chamber functionalized with anti-CD64 antibodies. As was the case with beads, the immunologically captured have a distinct spatial signature of capture depending on the CD64 expression level. Samples with higher CD64 expression travel, on average, a shorter distance in the channel. Using the same statistical model used to quantify biotin density on beads, we quantified CD64 expression on neutrophils. To make this technique easily translatable to a point-of-care device, we assembled a smartphone-imaging set-up to replace bulky microscopes. Our smartphone microscope can measure CD64 from whole blood without the need for any sample preparation in about 20 mins. We believe that deploying this technology in hospitals could save millions of lives worldwide.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-05-01The student, Tanmay Ghonge, accepted the attached license on 2019-02-19 at 21:50.The student, Tanmay Ghonge, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-02-19 at 21:56.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-02-28 at 09:39.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13396 on 2019-08-22 at 16:19:57Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T20:44:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4
GHONGE-DISSERTATION-2019.pdf: 6173436 bytes, checksum: e019c78e550dfe824345201dcfadce00 (MD5)
Supplementary movie 1.mp4: 2673428 bytes, checksum: 817416641bad1a3ab3e06c0ebad7072d (MD5)
Supplementary movie 2.mp4: 1779519 bytes, checksum: 057a1fb688c9c39fe8441ab6723ca551 (MD5)
LICENSE.txt: 4210 bytes, checksum: 9bc36e1e230870dbc2ce23553dd18cc1 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2019-02-28Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112254
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:44:50Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112254
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:46:41Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112254
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:47:38Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112254
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:48:32Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 112254 on 2021-08-24T09:15:20Z
Case Report: Spontaneous aneurysm of ductus arteriosus: A rare cause of hoarseness of voice in adults
No full textOrtner′s syndrome (left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy caused by cardiovascular pathology) is described in literature as occurring secondary to a variety of conditions. Spontaneous aneurysm of ductus arteriosus is a rare cause of this condition. We present a case where an adult patient with an aneurysm of the ductus arteriosus presented for the first time at the age of 62 years with hoarseness of voice secondary to left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
Imaging Findings in Amyloid Arthropathy of the Hip Joints: The Eyes Cannot See What the Mind Does Not Know
No full textAmyloid arthropathy is a rare but serious complication in patients with chronic renal failure with a history of prolonged hemodialysis. The underlying pathophysiology is the accumulation of beta-2 microglobulin in intra- and periarticular tissues, with consequent synovial thickening and erosions. Imaging-based diagnosis of amyloid arthropathy allows prompt clinical management and better patient outcomes. In view of vague clinical presentation and uncommon incidence, the radiologist is often the first one to suspect this complication. We hereby describe the case of a 66-year-old man with gradually progressive left hip pain for the past 6 months who was diagnosed to have bilateral amyloid arthropathy and was subsequently confirmed with computed tomography (CT) guided synovial biopsy. Amyloid arthropathy should be considered in patients with hip pain who are on long-term hemodialysis and present with suggestive findings on radiograph, CT, and magnetic resonance studies
Mutations in Extracellular Matrix Genes NID1 and LAMC1 Cause Autosomal Dominant Dandy-Walker Malformation and Occipital Cephaloceles
No full textMultidisciplinary approach to modern digital steganography
No full textSteganography is the art of secret writing. The purpose of steganography is to hide the presence of a message from the intruder by using state-of-the-art methods, algorithms, architectures, models, and methodologies in the domains of cloud, internet of things (IoT), and the Android platform. Though security controls in cloud computing, IoT, and Android platforms are not much different than security controls in an IT environment, they might still present different types of risks to an organization than the classic IT solutions. Therefore, a detailed discussion is needed in case there is a breach in security. It is important to review the security aspects of cloud, IoT, and Android platforms related to steganography to determine how this new technology is being utilized and improved continuously to protect information digitally. The benefits and challenges, along with the current and potential developments for the future, are important keystones in this critical area of security research. Multidisciplinary Approach to Modern Digital Steganography reviews the security aspects of cloud, IoT, and Android platforms related to steganography and addresses emerging security concerns, new algorithms, and case studies in the field. Furthermore, the book presents a new approach to secure data storage on cloud infrastructure and IoT along with including discussions on optimization models and security controls that could be implemented. Other important topics include data transmission, deep learning techniques, machine learning, and both image and text stenography. This book is essential for forensic engineers, forensic analysts, cybersecurity analysts, cyber forensic examiners, security engineers, cybersecurity network analysts, cyber network defense analysts, and digital forensic examiners along with practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in the latest techniques and state-of-the-art methods in digital steganography. © 2021 by IGI Global. All rights reserved
Prevalence of hypertension and its association with obesity among school children of Pune city, Maharashtra, India: a cross sectional study
No full textBackground:There are numerous psychological, physical and economic consequences of obesity. Conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, which were noted primarily in adults, are becoming more common among children with the increase in the prevalence of obesity. The objective of the study was to find out prevalence of hypertension and its association with obesity among school children.Methods: The present cross sectional study was undertaken during July 2009 to April 2011 in randomly selected 4 schools of Pune city. Total 1281 children between the age group of 10 to 15 years were examined after taking written informed consent of their parents using pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured performa. Anthropometric measurements were taken and BMI were calculated. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were determined based on the IOTF (International Obesity Task Force) criteria. Blood pressure was measured in the left arm to the nearest 1 mmHg using an electronic machine (Omron Corporation Tokyo, Japan), with the participant seated in a relaxed position. Thus collected data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Open- Epi Software. (Version 2.3)Results: Out of 1281 children, 54.09% were males. Overall prevalence of obesity and overweight was 5.62% and 9.99% respectively. Overall, amongst 200 obese and overweight children identified, prevalence of hypertension was 6% and that of pre hypertension was 4.5% as compared to 1.25% and 1.5% ,respectively among the normal weight children. Mean MAC (Mid Upper Arm Circumference) of obese and overweight was 24.8 cm and that of Normal weight children, was 19.1cm with standard deviations of 2.8 and 2.4 cm, respectively. Average Waist-Hip ratio of obese and overweight was 0.87 and that of normal weight children, was 0.80. Mean SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure) of obese and overweight was 111 mm Hg and that of normal weight children was 107 mm of Hg. Mean DBP (Diastolic Blood Pressure) of obese and overweight was 73 mm of Hg and that of normal weight was 69 mm of Hg.Conclusions: Anthropometric measurements like Waist Hip Ratio, MAC and mean SBP and DBP among obese and overweight group of children were significantly higher as compared to normal weight group of children.
- …
