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Chthonius caprai Gardini 1977
No full textChthonius caprai Gardini, 1977 (Figs 49–59, 411) Chthonius (Neochthonius) caprai Gardini, 1977: 216, figs 1–7. Chthonius (N.) caprai: Callaini 1979a: 129. Chthonius (C.) caprai: Gardini 1995: 44. Chthonius (Chthonius) leoi: Gardini 2011: 825 (Golfo Aranci, Chiaramonti, Villa Scema) Type locality: Italy, Liguria, Genoa Province, Camogli, Monte di Portofino, Semaforo Nuovo (44°19’20”N, 9°09’09”E). Distribution. Italy (Liguria, Sicily and Sardinia). Diagnosis (♂ ♀). An anophthalmic (rarely microphthalmic) epigean Chthonius that differs from other species of the ischnocheles group in the following combination of characters: anterior margin of carapace with 1 (rarely without) preocular microsetae; posterior margin of carapace with 6 (rarely 4) macrosetae; chelicerae with 1 or 2 lateral microsetae; chela length 0.31–0.43 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.21–0.28 mm; chelal fingers with contiguous teeth; movable chelal finger with coupled sensilla pc on a weak tubercle. Type material examined. ITALY — Liguria: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (holotype and paratype), Camogli, Monte di Portofino, Semaforo Nuovo, 2.II.1975, G. Gardini leg. (MSNG); 6 ♀ (paratypes), id. (MHNG, MNHN, NHMW); 1 ♂ 9 ♀ (paratypes), id. (G. Gardini coll., Genoa); 2 ♀ (paratypes), Ne, Pian di Fieno, 8. VIII.1976, G. Gardini leg. (G. Gardini coll., Genoa). Other material examined. ITALY — Liguria: Genoa Prov. — 1 ♀, Genova, Villetta Di Negro, 1. V.1975, R. Poggi leg., sieved under Quercus ilex; 1 ♀, Ne, Monte Bossea, 20.IX.2018, M. Zinni & D. Badano leg., under Buxus; 2 ♀, San Colombano Certenoli, SE slope of Monte Ramaceto, 750 m a.s.l., 28. V.2010, L. Galli & G. Torrisi leg., under Pteridium; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Villagrande di Cichero, SE slope of Monte Mignano, 4. VI.2012, M. Capurro leg. Liguria: Imperia Prov. — 1 ♂, Diano San Pietro, Monte Colletto, 400 m a.s.l., 30. V.2007, T. Ardissone leg., Quercus pubescens wood. Liguria: La Spezia Prov. — 1 ♀, Deiva Marina, 26.X.1972, R. Poggi leg., Quercus suber wood; 5 ♂ 9 ♀, Vernazza, 25.II.2014, G. Lionetti leg., vineyard. Liguria: Savona Prov. — 1 ♂, Laigueglia, Colla Micheli, 132 m a.s.l., 13.I.2019, P. Gardini & C. Giusto leg., under Quercus ilex. Sicily: Agrigento Prov. — 1 ♀, Isola Lampedusa, Cala Galera, 2.XII.1992, R. Poggi leg. (MSNG). Sicily: Ragusa Prov. — 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Cava d’Ispica, 3.IV.2010, G. Gardini leg., under Ceratonia . Sicily: Trapani Prov. — 6 ♀, Isola di Pantelleria, 7.X.1994, S. Ragusa di Chiara leg., leaf litter; 5 ♀, id., 14.XII.1994, S. Ragusa di Chiara leg., leaf litter; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, id., 20.II.2002, B. Massa leg. Sardinia: Cagliari Prov. — 1 ♀, Villacidro, Villa Scema, 20.IX.1986, P. Leo leg. Sardinia: Sassari Prov. — 1 ♀, Chiaramonti, 30.XII.1994, L. Fancello & P. Leo leg.; 1 ♀, Golfo Aranci, 19.I.1994, L. Fancello & P. Leo leg. Description of adults (♂ ♀). Integument slightly pigmented, carapace, tergites, chelicerae and pedipalps pale brown; weak hispid granulation on lateral surfaces of carapace, on cheliceral palm and on base of fixed chelal finger. Carapace (Fig. 51) 0.95–1.0 times longer than broad, quadrate, weakly constricted posteriorly; anterior margin between median macrosetae with a prominent epistome, that has sharp denticles, mainly in females (Figs 49–50); no eyes or eye-spots [rarely microphthalmic, according to Callaini (1979a)]; standard chaetotaxy m 4m:6:4:2:6(24), lateral macrosetae of posterior margin of carapace mainly shorter than medial ones; specimens from Sardinia (Chiaramonti, Golfo Aranci, Villa Scema) and Pantelleria Isl. without preocular microsetae; posterior margin of carapace rarely with five macrosetae (Fig. 51), with four, five or six macrosetae in females from Pantelleria Isl. (see also Gardini 1995); length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.05–0.06 mm. Chaetotaxy of tergites 4:4:4:4:6:6:6:6:1T2T1:4:1T2T1:0. Chaetotaxy of sternites 8–11:(3)8–10(3):(2)6–8(2):8–9:6–7:6:6:6:2T1T2:0:2; genital opening of males flanked by 6 (rarely 5) setae on each side. Chelicerae (Fig. 52) 1.95–2.0 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae and 1 or 2 lateral microsetae; fixed finger with 8–11 teeth; movable finger with an isolated subapical tooth (di) located more proximal than the spinneret, and 7–8 teeth proximally reduced in size; gs ratio 0.55–0.62; spinneret prominent in both sexes (Figs 52–53); rallum with 11 blades; serrulae interior and exterior with 10–12 and 12–14 blades respectively. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 3 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5–6, IV 6–7; coxa II with 3–7 coxal spines, coxa III with 1–5 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 3.8–4.1 (♂) or 3.4–4.0 (♀) times as long as broad, femoral chaetotaxy 3:5:2:5:1; chela (Figs 56, 59) 4.4–4.7 (♂) or 4.1–4.6 (♀) times as long as deep; hand of chela 1.4–1.6 (♂ ♀) times as long as deep, ovoid in dorsal view (Figs 54–55); fixed chelal finger with 42–53 contiguous teeth, tall and rectangular in the distal half of the finger, apically truncated and then rounded in the proximal half (Figs 57–58); all teeth with dental canal; fixed finger at level of est-it with about 11 teeth occupying 0.05 mm; tip of fixed chelal finger with apical sensilla af 1- 2 , distal paraxial seta gradually curved and thin; movable chelal finger with 37–47 contiguous teeth, similar to those of fixed chelal finger, apically rounded from sb towards finger base (Figs 56–59); movable finger at level of st-t with about 11 teeth occupying 0.05 mm; coupled sensilla pc mainly just distad of sb and on a weak tubercle; tip of movable chelal finger with apical sensilla am 1- 2 ; trichobothria as in figs 56, 59; trichobothrium sb halfway between b and st or just closer to b; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.75–2.1 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.9–1.0 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 0.8–1.0 (♂ ♀). Measurements (in mm). Body length 0.6–0.7 (♂) or 0.75–0.95 (♀). Carapace 0.22–0.24 × 0.22–0.24 (♂) or 0.26–0.28 × 0.26–0.29 (♀). Chelicerae 0.18–0.20 × 0.09–0.10 (♂) or 0.215–0.25 × 0.105–0.12 (♀); movable finger length 0.09–0.105 (♂) or 0.105–0.13 (♀). Pedipalp: femur 0.19–0.20 × 0.05 (♂) or 0.21–0.275 × 0.06–0.075 (♀); chela 0.31–0.35 × 0.07 (♂) or 0.34–0.43 × 0.08–0.10 (♀); hand length 0.10–0.11 (♂) or 0.12–0.16 (♀); movable finger length 0.21–0.225 (♂) or 0.23–0.28 (♀). Remarks. Among the species of the Chthonius ischnocheles group, C. caprai is morphologically similar to the epigean C. jonicus Beier, 1931 also known from central and southern Italy, Sicily and Sardinia, and to C. leoi (Callaini, 1988) from Sardinia. Chthonius caprai differs from C. jonicus in the following characters: posterior margin of carapace mainly with 6 macrosetae (with 4 macrosetae in C. jonicus); no eyes (anterior eyes with flat lens, posterior ones reduced to a pale cuticular area in C. jonicus); chelicerae with 1 or 2 lateral microsetae (without lateral microsetae in C. jonicus); chela length 0.31–0.43 mm (0.40–0.51 mm in C. jonicus); movable chelal finger length 0.21–0.28 mm (0.275–0.34 mm in C. jonicus); movable chelal finger with coupled sensilla pc on a weak tubercle (coupled sensilla pc not on a tubercle in C. jonicus). Chthonius caprai differs from C. leoi in the following characters: anterior margin of carapace mainly with 1 preocular microseta on each side (without preocular microsetae in C. leoi); posterior margin of carapace mainly with 6 macrosetae (with 4 macrosetae in C. leoi). The disjointed distribution of Chthonius caprai (Fig. 411), not recorded so far from central and southern Italy, may be caused by a lack of sampling and difficulties imposed by the small size of the species. Ligurian specimens show stability in carapacal chaetotaxy (anterior margin with 1 preocular microseta on each side, posterior margin with 6, rarely 5, macrosetae) while specimens from Pantelleria Isl. and Sardinia lack preocular microsetae, and specimens from Pantelleria Isl. have the posterior margin of carapace with 4 to 6 macrosetae. Moreover, part of the specimens from the Aeolian Archipelago are microphthalmic (Callaini 1979a). Variability of the main characters used to distinguish Chthonius leoi from C. caprai may suggest a probable synonymy of the two species, which however is not formally proposed here due to the scarcity of the Sardinian specimens available for examination. The above description of Chthonius caprai incorporates the data provided by Gardini (1977).Published as part of Gardini, Giulio, 2021, The Italian species of the Chthonius ischnocheles group (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae), with reference to neighbouring countries, pp. 1-131 in Zootaxa 4987 (1) on pages 19-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4987.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/497965
STRUCTURAL BIOINFORMATICS: A WINDOW TO OBSERVE THE PROTEIN UNIVERSE
No full textAnalyzing huge amounts of data that are stored in biologically relevant databases to find information to be translated into new general knowledge, is the essence of Bioinformatics. During my PhD training, have implemented Structural Bioinformatics procedures to derive information from the wealth of structural data that is publically available from the Protein Data Bank. From the thousands of experimentally derived structures where proteins are bound to other proteins, nucleic acids or small organic molecules, We found signals for interpreting the rationale underneath Nature’s assignment of codon multiplicity. The fact that arginine appeared as the most common amino acid at protein-nucleic acid interfaces, not only explained the reason why the latter amino acids has six different codons, in spite of its average occurrence in proteins [Gardini S, Cheli S, Baroni S, Di Lascio G, Mangiavacchi G, Micheletti N, Monaco CL, Savini L, Alocci D, Mangani S, Niccolai N. On Nature's Strategy for Assigning Genetic Code Multiplicity. PLoS One. 2016 Feb 5;11(2):e0148174], but also suggested possible roles of natural amino acids to determine specific dynamics of protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions. I investigated in details the dynamics of protein-DNA approaches, by analysing amino acid occurrence at protein-DNA interfaces in a series of refined PDB files. The presence of negatively charged side chains of aspartate and glutamate at the protein-DNA interface was observed in a large majority of DNA complexes with enzymes such as polymerases, helicases, topoisomerases etc., that is in all those structures related to systems requiring a very dynamic intermolecular approach. Whenever a more static protein-DNA is needed, for instance in the case of histons, the largest presence of interfacial arginines is found to ensure sticky interactions between its guanidine side chains with DNA phosphate backbone groups. Transcription factors, interestingly, exhibited an intermediate behaviour [Gardini S, Furini S, Santucci A, Niccolai N. A structural bioinformatics investigation on protein-DNA complexes delineates their modes of interaction. Mol Biosyst. 2017 May 2;13(5):1010-1017]. The latter results, having an extreme relevance in possible biotechnological applications, stimulated Gardini to test, with computational and experimental procedures, the validity of his hypothesis. This activity has been carried out in Prof. Matteo Dal Peraro’s lab in Losanna and in Prof. Annalisa Pastore’s lab in London. He tried to use Molecular Dynamics simulations by using the computational facilities of the Swiss lab to confirm how Arg/Lys replacements could modulate protein sliding along DNA rails. In London, he tried to engineer amino acid mutations on model systems of DNA related enzymes. Both investigations will require additional time, as in the three months spent both in Switzerland and United Kingdom, he could not achieve unambiguous results. A third Structural Bioinformatics project is now close to its completion that is to find messages in protein core compositions, which can determine specific protein folding. In this respect, encouraging results have been obtained and a manuscript is in preparation
Zaragozachthonius siculus Gardini 2020, n. sp.
No full textZaragozachthonius siculus n. sp. (Figs 1–18, 38) Type locality: Italy, Sicily, Syracuse Prov., Melilli, Integral Nature Reserve of Villasmundo–S. Alfio (37°13’0.91”N 15°06’1.36”E) Distribution. Italy (Sicily). Etymology. From the Latin adjective siculus, relative or pertaining to Sicily. Diagnosis (³♀). An anophthalmous or microphthalmous endogean Zaragozachthonius species that differs from Z. karamanianus in the following characters: no eyes or anterior ones reduced to a pale cuticular area (anterior eyes with slightly convex lens, posterior ones reduced to a pale cuticular area in Z. karamanianus), fixed chelal finger with 34–45 teeth (with 44–55 teeth in Z. karamanianus), distal half of fixed chelal finger with teeth that more broadly spaced, at level of est-it with about 7–9 teeth occupying 0.05 mm (with more close-set teeth, at level of est-it with about 8–10 teeth occupying 0.05 mm in Z. karamanianus), basal apodeme of movable chelal finger long, finger–shaped (apodeme short and squat in Z. karamanianus). Type material. ITALY— Sicily: Syracuse Prov. — 1 ♀ (holotype) 1 ♂ (paratype), Melilli, Integral Nature Reserve of Villasmundo-S. Alfio, 150 m a.s.l., 21.X.2019, G. Nicolosi leg., pitfall traps in MSS limestone (MHNG); 2 ♀ (paratypes), same locality, 8.X/ 12.XI.2018, G. Nicolosi leg., pitfall traps in MSS limestone (G. Gardini coll., Genoa); 11 ♀ (paratypes), same locality, 14. III / 29.VIII.2019, G. Nicolosi leg., pitfall traps in MSS limestone (G. Gardini coll., Genoa); 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (paratypes), same locality, 8. V.2020, G. Nicolosi leg., pitfall traps in MSS limestone (G. Gardini coll., Genoa); 1 ♂ 7 ♀ (paratypes), same locality, 9. VI.2020, G. Nicolosi leg., pitfall traps in MSS limestone (G. Gardini coll., Genoa); 1 ♂ 1 T (paratypes), same locality, 4.VIII.2020, G. Nicolosi leg., pitfall traps in MSS limestone (G. Gardini coll., Genoa). Description of adults (³♀). Integument slightly pigmented, carapace, tergites, chelicerae and pedipalps pale brown; hispid granulation on lateral surfaces of carapace, the cheliceral palm and on the base of chelal fingers. Carapace (Fig. 3) 1.0–1.05 times longer than broad, anterior margin between median macrosetae with prominent epistome (Figs 1–2); ocular area as in fig. 3, no eyes, rarely anterior eyes reduced to a pale cuticular area; chaetotaxy 4:6:4:2:4(20), posterior row rarely with 5 setae (♂); lateral setae of posterior row about half the length of the median ones; length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.06–0.07 mm; preocular microsetae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites 4:4:4:4:6:6:6:6:1T2T1:4:1T2T1:0. Chaetotaxy of sternites 9:(3)8–9(3):(2)6(2):8:6:6:6:6:2T1T2:0:2; genital opening of males mainly flanked by 6 setae on each side; male genitalia without a median hiatus (mh) between setae of each row of guard-setae (gs). Chelicerae (Fig. 4) 2.1–2.3 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae, without lateral microsetae; fixed finger with 6–10 teeth, of which the two distals are larger; movable finger with an isolated subapical tooth (di), just proximad of the spinneret, a large tooth and 6–7 teeth proximally reduced in size; gl ratio 0.54–0.56; spinneret weakly prominent in both sexes; rallum with 11 blades; serrulae interior and exterior respectively with 12–13 and 14 blades. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 3 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5, IV 7 (6 and 7 in a male); coxa II with 5–8 coxal spines, coxa III with 3–4 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 4.4–4.9 (♂), 4.5 (♀) times as long as broad, femoral chaetotaxy 3:5(6):2:5:1; chela (Figs 8–9) 4.8–5.15 (♂), 4.4–4.7 (♀) times as long as deep; hand of chela 1.85–2.0 (♂) 1.8–1.85 (♀) times as long as deep, long ovoid in dorsal view (Figs 5–6), with 4 posterior setae (ph 3 present); fixed chelal finger with 34–45 reclined, slightly spaced out teeth, the 18–20 distal ones pointed, apically rounded and increasingly reduced from trichobothrium est towards finger base (Figs 10–12); all teeth with dental canals; base of fixed chelal finger with 3–4 microtubercles; fixed finger at level of est-it with 7–9 teeth occupying 0.05 mm (distance between successive apices 0.007 –0.009 mm); tip of fixed chelal finger with an accessory tooth (td) on antiaxial face (Figs 7, 10) and with apical sensilla af 1- 2 , subdistal modified tooth mt absent; tip of fixed chelal finger of both sexes weakly hollowed on paraxial face, without subdistal protuberance sp (Fig. 7); distal paraxial seta gradually curved and thin; movable chelal finger with 26–33 reclined, spaced out teeth, apically pointed proximally up to trichobothrium t, rounded and increasingly reduced from t towards finger base, reaching back halfway between sb -b; all teeth with dental canals; movable finger at level of st-t with about 6–7 teeth occupying 0.05 mm (distance between successive apices 0.008 –0.009 mm); coupled sensilla pc halfway between trichobothria b-sb; tip of movable chelal finger with apical sensilla am 1- 2 ; chelal condylar and apodemal complex as in figs 13–15, basal apodeme of movable chelal finger long, finger–shaped, apically truncated; trichobothria as in figs 8–9; ratio sb -st/sb -b = 1.5; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.5–1.6 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.0–1.1 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.15–1.2 (♂ ♀). Measurements (in mm). Body length 0.80–1.0 (♂ ♀). Carapace 0.27 × 0.27 (0.25 anteriorly) (♂), 0.28–0.295 × 0.285–0.31 (0.27–0.29 anteriorly) (♀). Chelicerae 0.245–0.25 × 0.11–0.115 (♂), 0.275–0.29 × 0.13–0.14 (♀); movable finger length 0.12 (♂), 0.14–0.145 (♀). Pedipalp: femur 0.31–0.32 × 0.065–0.07 (♂), 0.34 × 0.075 (♀); chela 0.48–0.49 × 0.095–0.10 (♂), 0.52–0.535 × 0.11–0.12 (♀); hand length 0.185–0.19 (♂), 0.20–0.215 (♀); movable finger length 0.30 (♂), 0.315–0.32 (♀). Description of tritonymph. Integument with weak pigmentation, hispid granulation less marked than in adults. Carapace 1.0 times longer than broad, anterior margin between median macrosetae with prominent epistome, no eyes; chaetotaxy 4:6:4:2:4(20), lateral setae of posterior row shorter than median ones; length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.05 mm. Chaetotaxy of tergites as in adults. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–IX 5:(2)8(2):(1)6(1):8:6:6:6:6. Chelicerae 2.0 times as long as broad, palm with 5 setae, without lateral microsetae; fixed finger with 7 teeth, proximally reduced in size; movable finger with an isolated subapical tooth (di) and 7 teeth; gl ratio 0.53; spinneret prominent. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 2 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 4, IV 5; coxa II with 5 coxal spines, coxa III with 2–3 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 4.3 times as long as broad, femoral chaetotaxy 3:5:2:4:1; chela 4.6 times as long as deep; hand of chela 1.75 times as long as deep, with 4 posterior setae; fixed chelal finger with 38 contiguous teeth, apically pointed proximally up to halfway between trichobothria et -it; tip of fixed chelal finger with an accessory tooth (td) on antiaxial face (Fig. 16); movable chelal finger with 28 teeth, apically pointed proximally up to trichobothrium t, reduced in size towards finger base, reaching back between st and b; all teeth with dental canals; coupled sensilla pc just distad of b; chelal condylar and apodemal complex as in figs 17–18; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.65; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.05; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.05. Measurements (in mm). Body length 0.70. Carapace 0.23 × 0.225 (0.21 anteriorly). Chelicerae 0.19 × 0.095, movable finger length 0.095. Pedipalp: femur 0.24 × 0.055; chela 0.37 × 0.08; hand length 0.14; movable finger length 0.23. Remarks. Comparisons between Zaragozachthonius siculus and Z. karamanianus are reported in the Diagnosis section for each species. The Sicilian records of Chthonius jonicus Beier, 1931 reported by Gardini (2000) remain to be verified, due to the likely misidentification with Z. siculus.Published as part of Gardini, Giulio, 2020, Zaragozachthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae), a new genus with species in Italy and the Balkan peninsula, pp. 535-548 in Zootaxa 4894 (4) on pages 537-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4894.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/431670
Archivi e sovranità: le carte genovesi in Corsica all'indomani della cessione dell'isola (1768)
No full textIl fenomeno del trasferimento degli archivi da un titolare a un altro presenta dei lati meritevoli di interesse, in particolar modo quando, come nel caso qui illustrato, esso deriva non
dal prevalere militare di una potenza su un’altra, ma piuttosto da una cessione volontaria di sovranità. In questo caso infatti i rapporti di forza – certamente non paritari ed equilibrati
– sono comunque tali da consentire forme di mediazione mirate alla soddisfazione delle esigenze di ambedue le parti. Illustrare il complesso caso della spartizione degli archivi
dell’amministrazione genovese in Corsica ai tempi del trattato di Versailles può contribuire a definire il ruolo e l’importanza che due entità sovrane del secondo Settecento attribuivano
agli archivi degli uffici periferici
Un precoce divulgatore del metodo storico in archivistica: Michele Giuseppe Canale (1857)
No full textThe article, through the analysis of the writings and work of Michele Giuseppe Canale (1808-1890), helps to delineate the early but short-lived attestation of the
historical method in Archival Science in Genoa the middle years of the nineteenth century, in relation to Tuscan cultural environment of Francesco Bonain
Vieusseux e gli <i>Annali genovesi</i> di Caffaro: un progetto editoriale non realizzato
No full textL'articolo intende fornire alcuni nuovi spunti documentari alla riflessione sulle vicende editoriali ottocentesche degli Annali genovesi di Caffaro e continuatori con particolare attenzione alla irrealizzata edizione da parte di Federico Alizeri nella prima serie dell'«Archivio storico italiano» di Vieusseux
Protezione dei dati personali e riproduzione digitale dei documenti archivistici
No full textThe digital reproduction of archival records involves different rights as the right of scientific reseaech, the right of free expression of thought but also the right to privacy. These rights must be carefully balanced. The relationship between them is analyzed in legal terms, under Italian legislation, and in technological terms, just about the use of the technologies of the digital reproduction of documents, with particular attention to the concepts of communication and dissemination of personal data. The paper shows that the existing regulation framework fully meets the needs of protection of privacy, including in relation to technological changes taking place. Finally it proposes strengthening instruments like the statement of informed consent and the elaboration of specific policies to ensure the highest possible protection
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