104 research outputs found
COVID - 19 CORONAVIRUS INFECTION. TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
No full textThe main directions and approaches to the implementation of measures for the prevention and treatment of the disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 against the backdrop of the further spread of the COVID-19 epidemic are presented. Experience shows that in infection of many thousands of people, some of them are asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic, severe or critical cases are observed in up to 1/3 of the patients that may need intensive care. The quality, effectiveness and final result of medical care depend on the level of professional, organizational, material, technical, psychological preparation of the healthcare system, the entire community of specialists, including infectious disease specialists, resuscitators, general practitioners, etc., middle and junior medical workers. © HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorder
The Pavlov University experience in medical assistance for patients with the novel coronavirus infection: first results and lessons
No full textThe constant mutation of the virus and the complicated epidemiological situation in other countries keep the probability of a third wave of the pandemic in the Russian Federation fairly high. It is important to summarize the gained experience as fast as possible to use it appropriately once it is needed. The objective: to analyze the specific parameters of care for critically ill patients with the novel coronavirus infection in Pavlov Multidisciplinary Medical Center. Subjects and methods. This is a result-based report on the work performed by the Infection Center, which was deployed twice in Pavlov Multidisciplinary Medical Center (from 28.04.2020 to 03.08.2020 and from 01.11.2020 to 15.03.2021). Totally, 3,830 patients with SARS-CoV-2 were managed (1,680 patients during the first deployment and 2,150 patients during the second one). In the preparatory period, the operation of the emergency department based on the inpatient emergency medical department (EMD) had been simulated to clarify its staff structure and the procedure for admission, examination, and treatment of patients. Here we compare the organizational approaches during the first and second waves of the pandemic and present the characteristics of the demographic data of the treated patients, the incidence of certain complications, and outcomes. Results. The overall lethality in the Center made 6.2%. Despite the experience gained in the first wave, the results of treatment during the second wave (autumn-winter) did not improve (5.7% died in the first wave and 6.7% in the second one). Lethality in ICU and EMD was 40.0% and 49.6%, in ICU only – 38.5% and 46.9% respectively. A moderate lethality increase in ICU was due to the concentration of critically ill and most critically ill patients. There were 51.4% of patients with comorbidities and 53.5% were above 65 years of age. Refinement and differentiation of tasks performed by departments, simulation of the operation of the Center before opening made it possible to increase the throughput of the medical unit avoiding rush during admission and deterioration the quality of treatment. Conclusion. Certain aspects of the organization of medical care affect the performance of a multidisciplinary medical institution transformed into an infectious diseases hospital. The experience gained under such circumstances can be useful in other emergencies with a large number of victims and patients
TO THE 85 ANNIVERSARY OF ST. PETERSBURG I. I. DZHANELIDZE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF EMERGENCY CARE
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N.A. Vel’jaminov – surgeon, public health organizer and founder of the first Russian surgical journal (1855–1920) (for the 135th anniversary of the journal «Grekov’s Bulletin of Surgery»)
No full textThe article is dedicated to the memory of the Russian surgeon, prominent scientist, public health organizer and the founder of the first Russian periodical surgical journal of N. A. Vel’jaminov in 1885, who was born 165 years ago and died 100 years ago
KEY PROBLEMS OF TRANSPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT AND THE OBJECTIVES OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION
No full textThe article presented here as a Program lecture of the Rector of the First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University n.a. acad. I.P. Pavlov highlights the key problems of modern organ transplantation, and explores the main challenges for medical professional education in this context
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EP`S ACTIVITIES AT THE PRE-HOSPITAL AND HOSPITAL STAGES
No full textEmergency medical education is becoming increasingly challenging as a result of shifting the workplace of emergency physician from ambulance to Emergency Department. Prehospital specialist rarely uses infusion therapy, instrumental methods of treatment and diagnostic independently. Comparison shows the need of longer education for hospital practices, because additional ultrasound and reanimatology trainings are required
Психосоциальные факторы нарушения психической адаптации пациенток косметологической клиники
No full textIntroduction. In the field of aesthetic medicine, there is a lack of psychological research despite the obvious impact of cosmetic defects on the emotional state and social functioning of a person. Only a few studies indicate psychological maladaptation in patients of a cosmetology clinic, which is reflected in the frequency of the occurrence of anxiety, depression and personality disorders exceeding their levels in population. The objective was to identify psychosocial factors associated with the risk of psychological maladaptation in female patients of the cosmetology clinic. Methods and materials. To achieve the goal, female patients (n=161, mean age was 39.53±0.86 years) were studied using the author’s structured interview and 7 psychodiagnostic methods: «Neuropsychic Adaptation Test» (NPA), «Social Frustration Level» (SFL), «Visual Analogue Self-Esteem Scale» (VASES), «Semantic Time Differential» (STD), «Perceived Stress Scale» (PSS-10), «Well-Being Index» (WHO-5), «Quality of Life Satisfaction Questionnaire» (QOL). Groups of female patients without psychological maladaptation (group 1, n=74) and those with psychological maladaptation (group 2, n=87), selected on the basis of the final NPA test score were compared. Results. The results showed a statistically significant predominance in group 2 compared to group 1 of the frequency of emotionally neutral relationships with their own children, of living alone, as well as dissatisfaction in significant areas of life, especially in the material economic sphere, in the sphere of self-accepting as a personality and one’s physical «Ego», in the sphere of attitude to past and present life. In group 2, higher rates of perceived stress and frequency of psychotraumatic situations in anamnesis as well as lower rates of general psychological well-being and satisfaction with the quality of life were revealed. Conclusion. The factors influencing the psychological maladaptation in female patients of the cosmetology clinic were identified. The prospects of the study associated with the determination of the most informative factors for the prognosis of psychological adaptation based on the analysis on not only psychological but also individual and personal characteristics in female patients of the cosmetology clinic were indicated.Введение. В области эстетической медицины, несмотря на очевидное влияние косметических дефектов на эмоциональное состояние и социальное функционирование человека, отмечается дефицит психологических исследований. Лишь в отдельных работах указываются нарушения психической адаптации у пациентов косметологической клиники, что отражается в частоте встречаемости тревожности, депрессии и расстройств личности, превышающей популяционные показатели. Цель заключалась в выявлении психосоциальных факторов, связанных с риском нарушения психической адаптации пациенток косметологической клиники. Методы и материалы. Для реализации цели пациентки (n=161, средний возраст – 39,53±0,86 лет) были исследованы с помощью авторского структурированного интервью и 7 психодиагностических методик: «Тест нервно-психической адаптации» (НПА), «Уровень социальной фрустрированности» (УСФ), «Визуально-аналоговая шкала» самооценки (ВАШ), «Семантический дифференциал времени» (СДВ), «Шкала воспринимаемого стресса» (ШВС-10), «Индекс хорошего самочувствия» (WHO-V), «Опросник удовлетворенности качеством жизни» (КЖ). Сопоставлены группы пациенток без нарушений психической адаптации (группа 1, n=74) и ее нарушением (группа 2, n=87), выделенные на основе итоговой оценки теста НПА. Результаты. Результаты показали статистически значимое преобладание в группе 2 по сравнению с группой 1 частоты эмоционально нейтральных отношений с собственными детьми, проживания в одиночестве, а также неудовлетворенности в значимых сферах жизни, особенно в материально-экономической сфере, в сфере принятия себя как личности и своего физического «Я», в сфере отношения к прожитому и настоящему отрезку жизни. В группе 2 выявлены более высокие показатели воспринимаемого стресса и частоты психотравмирующих ситуаций в анамнезе, а также более низкие показатели общего психологического благополучия и удовлетворенности качеством жизни. Заключение. Выявлены факторы, влияющие на психическую дезадаптацию у пациенток косметологической клиники. Обозначены перспективы исследования, связанные с определением наиболее информативных факторов прогноза психической адаптации на основе анализа не только психосоциальных, но и индивидуально-личностных характеристик пациенток косметологической клиники
Динамика психологических характеристик пациенток косметологической клиники в процессе лечения
No full textIntroduction. The relevance of the research is determined by the insufficient study of the psychological characteristics of female patients in the cosmetological clinic and the dynamics in the process of non-surgical correction and, in general, the psychological aspects of cosmetological treatment.The objective was to study the dynamics of the psychological characteristics of female patients of a cosmetological clinic in the process of medical correction.Methods and materials. Using psychodiagnostic methods “Neuropsychic Adaptation Test” (NPA), Wellness Index (WHO-V), Visual Analogue Scale, Big Five, Quality of Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (QL), 193 female patients of the cosmetological clinic (mean age 39.19±0.8 years) were examined in the period before treatment and 3 months after it. Data processed by SPSS v. 25.0 using Pearson’s χ2 and Wilcoxon’s Z tests.Results. The results showed statistically significant changes in the course of treatment of 11 out of 20 psychodiagnostic indicators reflecting the positive dynamics of the following psychological characteristics: the level of neuropsychiatric adaptation (р=0.014), the level of psychological well-being (р=0.000), perception of one’s appearance (р=0.000), individual characteristics of the personality “self-consciousness” (р=0.003) and “personal resources” (р=0.001), overall satisfaction with quality of life (р=0.000) and its individual components.Discussion. There are showed limitations and research prospects associated with the further expansion of the range of studied psychological characteristics, their relationship with the severity of a cosmetic defect and, in a broader context - with the determination of the role of psychosocial factors in the mechanisms of development and the effectiveness of correction of facial skin defects.Введение. Актуальность исследования определяется недостаточной изученностью психологических характеристик пациенток косметологической клиники, их динамики в процессе нехирургической коррекции и в целом психосоциальных аспектов косметологического лечения.Цель – изучение динамики психологических характеристик пациенток косметологической клиники в процессе лечения.Методы и материалы. С помощью психодиагностических методов «Тест нервно-психической адаптации», «Индекс хорошего самочувствия», «Визуально-аналоговая шкала», «Большая пятерка», «Опросник удовлетворенности качеством жизни» обследованы 193 пациентки косметологической клиники эстетической медицины (средний возраст 39,19±0,80 лет) в периоды до лечебной коррекции и через 3 месяца после нее. Данные обработаны с помощью SPSS v. 25.0 с использованием χ2 Пирсона и Z-критерия Уилкоксона.Результаты. Результаты показали статистически значимые изменения в процессе лечения 11 из 20 психодиагностических показателей, отражающие положительную динамику следующих психологических характеристик: уровень нервно-психической адаптации (р=0,014), уровень психологического благополучия (р=0,000), восприятие своей внешности (р=0,000), индивидуальные особенности личности «самосознание» (р=0,003) и «личностные ресурсы» (р=0,001), общая удовлетворенность качеством жизни (р=0,000) и его отдельными составляющими.Заключение. Указаны ограничения и перспективы исследования, связанные с дальнейшим расширением спектра изучаемых психологических характеристик, их связи с выраженностью косметического дефекта, а в более широком контексте – с определением роли психосоциальных факторов в механизмах развития и эффективности коррекции дефектов кожи лица
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