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The Evolution of Defensive Elements in the Syrian Cities and Kingdoms during the Bronze Age "Syrian Jazirah, Euphrates region, Northern Levant, Between the Early and Middle Bronze Age"
Get PDFThis work presents a comprehensive study of the Early and Middle Bronze defensive elements (around 3000 – 1600 BC.) in Syrian Jazirah, the Euphrates region, the Upper and Lower Northern Levant (Fertile Crescent), Where it provides a study about the methods of using the defensive elements, their structure, dimensions and their building materials and clarify the changes that happened to them between early and middle bronze age in the regions of the study.
It aims to:
1- Define the defensive elements that have been used to fortify the cities during the Early and Middle Bronze age in the regions of the study.
2- Analysis and study their structure; specifically, their dimensions, their shapes, building materials which have been used to build them and their functional use.
3- Study and clarify the changes that happened to them between the Early and Middle Bronze Age.
a. Size and shape.
b. Building materials.
c. Functional use.
4- Present an accurate statistical study of the fortified cities and their defensive elements.
5- Clarify how the defensive elements have been used in different ways from a city to another, moreover, how these elements were working together as one defensive unit to protect the cities against the invasion.
6- Study the correlation between the size of the settlements and the kind and width of the defensive elements that have used to fortify them.
7- Clarify the features and aspects of the fortification structures in the regions of the study, which includes the kind of defensive elements that have been used to fortify the cities and the building materials that have been used to build the fortification structure (wall- rampart), moreover, the methods of using the fortification walls, the types of gates and the methods of using the towers and bastions, furthermore, the shape of the settlements
8- Clarify the reasons behind of fortifying and reinforcing some cities more than others, and how some cities have continued fortified from the EB to MB and other cities have become abandoned during the EB, whether due to natural disasters or the military invasion
Le Extravagantes Communes nell'età dell'incunabolo: la Bolla Unam Sanctam da Francesco Pavini a Jean Chappuis
No full textJohannes Franciscus De Pavinis : un giurista ed editore nel Quattrocento
No full textJohannes Franciscus de Pavinis has here been regarded as a jurist capable of combining a traditional education as theologian and doctor in utroque iure with the precocious tendency to perceive the changing demands of a medieval world already in crisis. At the beginning of modern age, when the introduction of the press allowed a first glimpse of the differences between two cultural universes and also two forms of textual transmissions, Pavini deeply understood the revolutionary importance of this instrument in the spreading of the juridical culture and for this reason he became a sensitive and passionate promoter of the genesis of the printed juridical text. He devoted all his erudition to tracing manuscripts containing the most varied texts on canon law on which he then intervened proposing the creation of original collections addressed to the large number of readers that the press invention consented to reach. His commitment in reorganizing the decretales extravagantes, in the collection of the decisiones Rotae romanae, and in defining a set of glossae to the juridical collections, indeed leads us to think of a particularly modern vision of the legal system. In fact, Pavini took into consideration the tradition of all Papal decretals, the study of law, the doctrine of consilia and the administration of the Church in the fourteenth century and then based the choice of his sources on his personal experience as Professor of Theology and Canon Law, as Auditor in the Sacra Romana Rota and relator during the processes of canonization, and also as Rota s Treasurer and bishop s deputy. Following Pavini s leading experience inside universities, law courts and ecclesiastical hyerarchies and bureaucratic system, the present work has therefore tried to take a closer look at the results of Pavini's connection with the respective institutions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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