1,720,970 research outputs found
Prototypes for Industrial Design Research
No full textThis book provides a theoretical framework for design researchers interested in developing their research work about and with prototypes. It describes prototypes' multiple definitions and possible functions in the multifaceted landscape of today's design research. Indeed, while the manufacturing and digital evolutions enable and require new types of advanced prototypes, the design evolution as an academic discipline continuously widens its perspectives, fields, and research methods, among which are the prototypes' applications, features, and purposes. The framework originates from an interpretation of these interrelated phenomena and a collection of case studies. Additionally, it defines those criteria that characterize the relation between the research (context, discipline, and general scope) and the prototype (nature and specific aims) and, altogether, it presents an overview of prototypes' roles in design research
An exploration of metadesign and a reflection on its actualisation for fostering inclusivity.
No full textThe world is shaped by design, and this is evident in every aspect of everyday life and social constructs; even elements perceived as natural bear the imprint of human influence (Norman, 2023).
Recognising the interconnectedness of all beings within this complex system, where any alteration can impact the whole, requires a fundamental change in how humans exist on Earth (Norman, 2023).
The awareness of design’s influence on societal structures is growing, leading to discussions on designers’ skills (D’Ignazio and Klein, 2020; Berry et al., 2022 ). It is increasingly evident that all designs inherently embody bias, influenced by the subjective perspectives of their creators and the historical milieu in which they originated (Holmes, 2020). Whether acknowledged or not, this subjectivity permeates the design process, incorporating biases into the surrounding artefacts and materials (Del Gaudio and Chopra, 2023).
When the design is finally available to the public, the inherent biases in the product feed the world and social consciousness and are reinforced (Prochner, 2014). Following this line of thinking, prejudices, norms, and stereotypes are embedded in many artefacts, and design has the potential to strengthen them (Prochner and Marchand, 2018).
This awareness catalyzes a profound shift in design consciousness, acknowledging the non-neutrality and power dynamics inherent in the field (Collins, 2017). Calls for greater awareness and accountability in addressing designer biases, privilege and positionality reverberate through the design literature (Goodwill et al., 2021).
This chapter examines two key concepts: meta-design and inclusive design. It explores how integrating an inclusive approach into meta-design can enable designers to raise awareness and address biases early in the design process. This alignment resonates with the overarching theme of redesigning design processes to adapt to a rapidly changing and uncertain world, emphasizing the central role of inclusivity and systems thinking (Hara, 2007; Costanza-Chock, 2020).
The aim is to reflect on the need to prioritise inclusive design and generate discussions. In this, design education holds great promise as the training of new design generations encourages experimentation with these issues (Costanza-Chock, 2020; Berry et al., 2022)
Curating data for urban biodiversity: three catalogues on local issues in Milan
Get PDFPreserving urban biodiversity is a widely recognized goal, with cities implementing initiatives to achieve it. However, when examining policies and local efforts, conflicts often arise among citizens, municipalities, and private stakeholders. Debates on urban biodiversity leave digital traces on social media, forums, and newspapers.
This text illustrates the potential of online data to inform planning and participation in urban biodiversity projects. In contrast to established formats for data analysis, such as dashboards, we explore catalogues as tools to curate, analyze, and display data from online sources.
Through case studies focused on biodiversity policies in Milan, this chapter demonstrates how curated datasets displayed in printed catalogues can be used to map debates surrounding urban nature. As catalysts for public engagement, catalogues prioritize individual data points, promote the slow fruition of data, and give space to marginalized voices
The role of design (thinking) in facing complexity and generating innovation in the entrepreneurial world
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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