1,721,076 research outputs found
Meno latte se la vacca è a rischio chetosi : collaborazione SATA : speciale chetosi
No full textIl 25% delle vacche è a rischio chetosi nei primi 5-10 giorni di lattazione. Le bovine appartenenti al gruppo di aziende non a rischio chetosi presentano una produzione media di latte a inizio lattazione di 18 L capo/mungitura, contro i 17,4 L delle bovine di allevamenti a rischio
In vitro methods to determine rate and extent of ruminal protein degradation
No full textRates of ruminal protein degradation are required in most of the current nutritional models; however, protein degradation in the rumen is very complex and difficult to measure reliably using simple in vitro and in situ methods. In vitro assays based on using mixed ruminal organisms in which microbial N incorporation is quantified or in which microbial growth is inhibited have proven to be the most robust for estimating rate and extent of protein degradation. Use of gas production to estimate N incorporation or release has become widely adopted. Recent developments have allowed study of the time course of protein breakdown so degradation rates can be determined. The inhibitor in vitro procedure has been useful in a number of applications but is limited to short term incubations of 4 to 6 h. Also, this assay has not been widely adapted beyond the laboratory where it was developed, possibly because it requires large numbers of assays for ammonia and total AA. Under some conditions, extents of protein hydrolysis obtained using several different cell-free proteases have been correlated to extents of in situ degradation but, thus far, cell-free proteases have not proven completely reliable for predicting rates of ruminal protein degradation. Future research might be directed toward identifying how protein degradation activities of cell-free proteases differ from that of the proteases elaborated by mixed ruminal organisms
CONSIDERAZIONI SULLA MODELLAZIONE AGLI ELEMENTI FINITI DEI TELAI IN SOLUZIONE CO0MPOSTA ACCIAIO CALCESTRUZZO
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The milk urea content in dairy goat farms of Lombardy
No full textThe measurements of milk urea concentration can be used as a diagnostic tool of protein feeding in the
dairy cow, providing also accurate prediction of urinary N excretion. For the dairy goat only a few studies have
considered the milk urea content in order to diagnose the protein nutritional status, and the sole indication we
have found of a "normal" level is the one reported by of Brun-Bellut et al. (1991) who indicate a range of 28-32
mg/dl. The "normal" baseline for bulk cow milk urea concentration ranges from 17-26 to 21-30 mg/dl.
In this work we studied the trend of bulk milk urea level (MUL) during three consecutive years (2005-2007)
in the dairy goat farms (n=118, on average) of Lombardy involved in the project "Quality of goat Milk”. This
project, funded by Lombardy Region, was carried out by the Technical Assistance Service for goat and sheep
Farms (SATA) of Lombardy.
Bulk milk samples (n=2792) were analysed monthly (8 samples per farm and year, on average). Milk urea
concentration was determined by differential pH-metry (EFA 2000 - Hamilton, Bonaduz, Switzerland). Milk
fat, crude protein, casein (since July 2007) and lactose content were determined by an automated Fourier
Transform infrared analysis (FT IR 6000, FOSS A/S, Denmark), while the counts of somatic cells were per-
formed by means of flow cytometry with Fossomatic 5000 FC (FOSS A/S, Denmark). Data were statistically
analysed by ANOVA, with year, month and farm as main effects, and by simple or multiple regression, using
GLM and REG procedures of SAS (2000).
MUL was influenced (P<0.001) by the year: the Least Square Means of MUL were 39.2, 39.9 and 41.2
mg/dl, for 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The variability observed was very high (Range=68.8; SD=11.2)
but it resulted independent from the level of production of the herds. For the last two years it was possible to
divide the farms into two different systems of breeding: natural breeding season (NBS) (85% of the farms) vs
controlled breeding season (CBS). With NBS the MUL increased after kidding season (Jan-Feb-Mar) from 34
to 40 mg/dl, reaching a peak from April to June (44) and then it decreased until November (37). The regression
between MUL and the other milk chemical constituents (fat, crude protein, lactose) and SCC (expressed as
linear score - LS), had always determination coefficients lower to 0.01. On the other hand, multiple regression
analysis (Stepwise method) between casein (% CP) and crude protein, LS and urea, resulted statistically sig-
nificant with a model R-square of 0.40 and partial R-square of the independent variables of 0.344, 0.033 and
0.026, respectively. The equation obtained is as follows:
Casein (%CP)=2.51xCP(%)–0.28xLS–0.024xUREA(mg/dl)+68.5; (n=330, R2=0.40; P<0.0001).
About 75% of the bulk milk urea content in dairy goat farms of Lombardy is higher than the standard
level suggested by Brun-Bellut et al. (1991). The average CP content of the diets predicted from the average
MUL registered, would be 18-19% on DM, applying the prevision equation proposed by Bonanno et al. (2008).
This protein content is well above requirements and the implications in terms of N excretion and even animal
welfare, are evident. Further research is needed in order to correctly diagnose the protein nutritional status
of the dairy goat
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