1,720,962 research outputs found
MBT solutions for Romanian MSW management: practical perspectives
No full textTwo integrated scenarios including Mechanical Biological Treatments (MBT) technologies, are analyzed for the energetic valorization of Romanian Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), taking into account the today situation of selective collection (SC≤10% for few fractions) and the future one (it was hypnotized a SC of 33%). The first scenario includes bio-drying with Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) production by an integrated treatment of Residual Municipal Solid Waste (RMSW). In the second case the SRF is produced through mechanical treatments applied directly to Residual Municipal Solid Waste (RMSW), without biological processes
Role of feedstock transport in the balance of primary PM emissions in two case-studies: RMSW incineration vs. sintering plant
No full textSome preliminary considerations are presented on the role of direct particulate matter emissions vs induced transport emissions for two kinds of plants: incinerator and sintering plant. The developed balances demonstrate that in terms of total amount emitted, the emissions from not optimized transport of raw materials are comparable with the ones from the stacks of the sintering plant. That means it is important to promote initiatives for the adoption of modern engines in the transport system
Conventional and alternative thermal treatment methods applied to wine making industry wastes for power generation
No full textIn this study two treatment methods for grape marc are compared, from the energetic point of view: pyrolysis and thermal drying. The paper presents results of a pyrolysis experimental study applied to solar dried grape marc and of a combustion study applied to thermal dried grape marc. In the first scenario it was obtained 26.7 MWhth and 5.8 MWhel; in the second one 229.5 MWhth and 50.2 MWhel respectively. The second solution could be applied next to wine processing lines, and could supply the need of thermal and electrical energy. The advantage of the first scenario is given by the pyrolysis process which is used as stabilization methods and gives the possibility of full operation
Thermal option for energy recovery from two organic substrates: grape and residual sunflower seeds
No full textThe aim of this paper is to find out the opportunities of spent grape marc and sunflower oil cake utilization in Romania as a potential source of renewable energy. Different scenarios such as centralized and decentralized power plants are analyzed, underlining the advantage and disadvantage of each solution. In particular this work focuses on electricity production and thermal energy recovery. These types of materials best suit the energy recovery solution, because of their high distribution on the Romanian territory, but also the elemental analysis revealed the composition of these wastes being similar to that of wood, which best fits the combustion process. On the basis of mass and energetic balance, the most appropriate solution will be chosen, but also considering the environmental issue
Integrated Municipal Solid Waste System applied to a Romanian metropolitan case-study
No full textThe paper analyses an Integrated Solid Waste Management System potentially suitable for a real Romanian metropolitan area where selective collection is still in development. From the analyzed integrated system, each technological solution taken into account is focused on the following data: waste composition (proximate and ultimate), energy potential, processes efficiency, net energy generation. The paper presents the first results of mass and energy balances with special attention on the separation process of the residual municipal solid waste. Taking into account the local needs and environmental standards, the presented approach considers the following options that separate the waste in different flows: selective collection for some sellable materials and residual municipal solid waste collection, mechanical treatments and combustion process. In practice, the system pre-treat the waste in order to separate some materials that the present selective collection system cannot recycle (because of its low efficiency). Applying this system 85% of the initial waste energy will be used for energy recovery. An increase of 10% in the LHV is observed thanks to mechanical pre-treatments. The system allow the minimization of landfilling (only 10%) thanks to pre-treatments that extract low LHV materials
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
An innovative approch for grape marc treatment: biodrying before combustion
No full textThe aim of this paper is to present the results of a study on one of the possible uses of exhausted grape pomace/marc aimed to energy recovery. The chosen process was the bio-drying one, followed by combustion, for producing steam used to cogenerate ther-mal and electrical energy. Details regarding proximate and ultimate analysis of dry and wet grape marc, seed, skin and stalks are presented, and also some details regarding the mass and energy balances for the proposed approach are reported. Additionally some details regarding the anaerobic digestion as a suitable process for grape marc treatment are presented in this paper
Wine making industry wastes biodegradable properties characterization for biogas conversion
No full textGrape marc is a very common type of biomass across the world, available in large quantities, with high moisture content which makes it suitable for biological treatment rather than other thermal treatments for energy recovery.
The aim of this paper is to reveal the biodegradable characteristics of grape marc using two of the most applied parameters to determine the biomass stability through respirometric methods: chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dynamic respiration index (RI).
Different analyses were performed on the dried materials represented by white and red grape marc: proximate analysis, elemental analysis, high and low heating value determination. COD was determined for the two types of biomass with a standardized method using potassium dichromate.
The evolution of the respirometric index in time (RI, RI24) was determined using a dynamic respiration reactor developed at the University of Trento.
The results obtained provide important information on the degradation occurring through the aerobic process, correlated with necessary time for biomass stabilization. The maximum values obtained are 675 mgO2 kg-1VS h-1 after 5 days for white grape marc and 894 mgO2 kg-1VS h-1 after 3 days for red grape marc. These differences are explained by the different technologies of obtaining white and red wine.
The combination of anaerobic digestion followed by digestate composting could reveal important advantages from an energy point of view, by obtaining biogas after the first process and by limiting the energy consumption of the aeration necessary for the second process because of slow biodegradable properties of resulting digestate
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