1,720,966 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Maternal Investment at the Edge and Centre of Geographical Range: Thermal Tolerance of Females, Embryos and Larvae of Marine Ectotherms
No full textMarine ectotherms are particularly vulnerable to temperature changes and understanding their thermal responses is fundamental to predicting ecosystem functionality in the face of climate change. Reproduction is a key component of an animal’s life cycle; even if adults cope well with environmental change, reproductive females, embryos and larvae may be more vulnerable. Maternal responses to environmental change can have significant, long-lasting effects on performance and success of populations. We studied gravid females, early and late developmental embryos and first stage larvae of two brachyuran mangrove ecosystem engineers, Perisesarma guttatum and Uca urvillei. To assess metabolic responses and maternal effects of populations from the centre and edge of species distributions to acute temperature fluctuations, we studied the thermal windows of embryos, larvae, gravid and non-gravid females from Kenya and South Africa. The metabolic rate was measured for each life stage in the laboratory between 19 and 35°C in water and in air. Additionally, we characterised the field temperatures the animals experience to evaluate species sensitivity to acute temperature change and link it to natural conditions. Results from Kenya indicate that the metabolic rate of gravid and non-gravid females increased with increasing temperature, but gravid females had a higher metabolic rate than non-gravid females for both species. This was sustained over a greater temperature range, indicating females place high investment in viable offspring. P. guttatum late and early stage embryos had higher metabolic rates in water than air, indicating an evolutionary shift towards terrestrial adaptation. The larval stage appeared to be especially robust, with elevated metabolic rates only at very high temperatures. The data indicate that the reproductive component of these species is vulnerable to temperature fluctuations. Elevated temperatures are likely to lead to loss of fitness of females and embryos, with detrimental effects on their populations and loss of ecosystem functionality
È la nicchia termica a determinare il comportamento spaziale degli ectotermi intertidali?
No full textLa temperatura rappresenta la caratteristica ambientale più importante nel determinare la distribuzione degli organismi ectotermi in ambienti acquatici e di transizione, come la fascia intertidale. Mentre le specie sessili possono gestire i forti stress termici tipici di questi ambienti transizionali solo tramite i loro adattamenti fisiologici, gli animali mobili possono accoppiare a questi strategie comportamentali, quali la scelta di aree inondate e non e/o aree più o meno esposte al sole. In questo studio ci siamo chiesti come gli stress termici guidino l’uso dello spazio e del tempo di due specie simpatriche di ectotermi bimodali: i granchi intertidali Uca urvillei (Brachyura, Ocypodidae) e Perisesarma guttatum (Brachyura, Sesarmidae), abbondanti nelle foreste a mangrovie dell’Africa orientale e meridionale. In particolare, abbiamo effettuato uno studio comparato del comportamento spaziale in natura e degli adattamenti fisiologici, in laboratorio, di popolazioni del Kenya e della Repubblica Sudafricana, sottoposte, queste ultime, climi più temperati e ad un regime stagionale. Durante i tre mesi più caldi, entrambe le aree di studio sono state mappate termicamente con l’impiego di logger che registravano in continua temperatura ed umidità. Abbiamo misurato la temperatura corporea di animali focali attivi in natura e osservato i loro pattern comportamentali, valutandone i ritmi di attività e l’uso del microhabitat in cui risiedono. Due strategie spazio-temporali diverse sono emerse sia fra le sue specie analizzate che fra le loro popolazioni in Kenya e Repubblica Sudafricana. L’attività di U. urvillei appare interamente guidata dal ciclo mareale e poco influenzata dalla temperatura. Viceversa P. guttatum, in Kenya modula l’uso dello spazio per minimizzare gli stress termici cui è sottoposta, occupando di fatto sempre zone in ombra e molto umide, mentre le popolazioni sudafricane non hanno evidenziato questo comportamento, probabilmente a causa di un regime termico più fresco. Anche la temperatura corporea rivela una diverso adattamento fra le due specie. Mentre U. urvillei non mostra alcun tipo di termoregolazione, in entrambe le aree di studio, in P. guttatum abbiamo osservato una netta differenza tra popolazioni. In Kenya questo granchio mette in atto strategie di termoregolazione in grado di abbassare la temperatura del corpo, in ambiente aereo, fino a 2°C rispetto a quella ambientale, mentre le popolazioni sudafricane sembrano non avere bisogno di questa strategia. Questo studio rivela che le due specie considerate, pur sfruttando gli stessi microhabitat intertidali di mangrovia, hanno raggiunto livelli di terrestrializzazione totalmente diversi che permettono a U. urvillei di svincolarsi dal problema degli stress termici in ambiente subaereo e di sfruttare a pieno la fascia intertidale in bassa marea, mentre obbligano P. guttatum a mettere in atto strategie comportamentali atte a mitigare gli stessi stress, costringendola ad un uso molto limitato delle aree emerse
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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