185 research outputs found

    Forests for Public Health

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    Over the last decades, there has been a worldwide increasing interest in, and promotion for, the use of natural environments and their multiple functions to mitigate the detrimental aspects of urban living such as stress, heat, lack of physical activity, and high exposure to air and noise pollution, as well as to enhance the liveability and resilience of cities (Fig. X-1) (European Commission, 2015). More recently, concern in regards to evaluating the effects of natural environments on human health and wellbeing has been on the rise (Nieuwenhuijsen et al. 2017). Approaches and concepts have evolved over the years along with advanced interdisciplinary knowledge and applications (Spano et al. 2020). As stated by Escobedo et al. (2019), various authors have adopted a series of metaphors including the nexus between urban forestry (UF), ecosystem services (ES) (MEA, 2005), green infrastructure (GI) (EPA, 2017; Beauchamp and Adamowski 2013; Benedict and McMahon 2002) and, more recently, nature-based solutions (NBS) (European Commission, 2015; Raymond et al. 2017). Considering the above, UF by definition encompasses many aspects of urban ES, GI, and NBS (Miller, 1997). As a discipline, UF aims to maximise the benefits of trees or vegetation in a broad sense (i.e., NBS included) in cities and minimise related costs (i.e., disservices) (Escobedo et al. 2011; Clark et al. 1997). The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art on how UF and other related terms of the nexus (i.e., GI) could promote quality of life, specifically human health in urban settlements. Components of UF and GI range in size, shape and “naturalness” (in terms of mix of blue/green/brown/grey infrastructure or built/natural areas, and “hybrid” systems), depending on the type of NBS adopted, as well as in scale of relevance (Lafortezza et al. 2013). Examples at global level can be found in North America, the European Union (EU) member countries, and China. Thus, what we argue as important, and at the heart of EU research policy, is communicating the relevance of natural and semi-natural systems of vegetation, trees and groups of trees in cities and, consequently, the sets of practices and activities that contribute to improving human wellbeing and quality of life. Furthermore, the recent challenge of global change and increasing temperatures, especially in cities, demands innovative solutions to make the environment in which we live more comfortable and liveable. Numerous studies have shown that UF can contribute in different ways to improve the perception of temperatures and sense of wellbeing (Carrus et al. 2015b; Panno et al. 2017; Lafortezza et al. 2009)

    Digitalizzazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale dei piccoli musei

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    Il patrimonio culturale riveste un ruolo cruciale nelle politiche di sviluppo incentrate sull’attivazione di strategie place-based volte a valorizzare, anche sul piano turistico, le risorse tangibili e intangibili presenti nei territori marginali. La digitalizzazione e l’innovazione tecnologica offrono, sotto questo aspetto, numerose opportunità di fruizione di tale patrimonio, favorendo l’accessibilità e il diretto coinvolgimento delle comunità locali. L’articolo affronta questa tematica con la prospettiva di offrire spunti per il rafforzamento del turismo culturale nelle aree interne e rurali attraverso due progetti, RACINE e E.INS SPOKE 2, entrambi attuati in Sardegna con la collaborazione tra il mondo della ricerca scientifica, gli attori economici e culturali e le comunità locali afferenti ai piccoli comuni interni della regione.Cultural heritage plays a crucial role in development policies focused on activating place-based strategies aimed at enhancing, including from a tourism perspective, the tangible and intangible resources found in marginal areas. Digitalization and technological innovation offer numerous opportunities for the utilization of such heritage, promoting accessibility and the direct involvement of local communities. This article addresses the topic with the aim of providing insights for strengthening cultural tourism in inland and rural areas through two projects, RACINE and E.INS SPOKE 2, both implemented in Sardinia through collaboration between the scientific research sector, economic and cultural stakeholders, and local communities in the region's small inland municipalities

    Transizione verde ed energie rinnovabili. Riflessioni sulla presenza di parchi eolici nelle aree marginali

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    Nell’ultimo secolo l’azione antropica si è fatta particolarmente pressante sull’ambiente, fino ad affermarsi tra le principali cause del riscaldamento globale e del cambiamento climatico. La produzione industriale su larga scala, unitamente alla massificazione dei consumi e ad altri fattori, quali l’urbanizzazione e lo sviluppo dei trasporti, hanno spinto verso un eccessivo sfruttamento di risorse, numerose delle quali limitate. Ciò ha comportato l’adozione, da parte di stati e regioni, di politiche specificamente orientate alla sostenibilità. A questo riguardo, l’Unione Europea è da tempo impegnata nella promozione di un cambio di paradigma per abbracciare nuovi modelli produttivi e di vita, più sostenibili e rispettosi dell’ambiente e dei sistemi territoriali in genere. In un simile scenario, la produzione di energia da fonti rinnovabili assume un ruolo fondamentale sebbene alcune dinamiche necessitino di particolare attenzione. Diverse esperienze condotte in passato hanno mostrato quanto le iniziative legate alla produzione di «energia pulita» debbano necessariamente confrontarsi con le esigenze delle comunità locali, le quali sono sempre più coinvolte e chiamate a partecipare ai processi di sviluppo dei propri territori. Se in alcuni casi la realizzazione di determinati impianti è stata osteggiata a causa delle trasformazioni paesaggistiche, delle scarse ricadute occupazionali e delle possibili esternalità negative su altri settori, come quelli legati all’agricoltura e al turismo, in altri è stata accolta positivamente dalle popolazioni delle aree coinvolte. Il presente lavoro, dopo un inquadramento generale sul tema della produzione di energia da fonti rinnovabili a scale differenti, si focalizza sulla Sardegna, regione in cui la realizzazione di impianti eolici deve misurarsi con recenti provvedimenti legislativi che, a tutela del paesaggio, pongono delle limitazioni. Il contributo, dopo aver analizzato un caso di studio, si chiude con alcune riflessioni sulla presenza dei parchi eolici nelle aree marginali

    Transitions to sustainability, lifestyles changes and human well-being: cultural, environmental and political challenges (Transiciones hacia la sostenibilidad, cambios de estilos de vida y bienestar humano: desafíos culturales, medioambientales y políticos)

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    In this paper, we present a special issue of PsyEcology that contains a selection of papers submitted by registered participants to the 25th IAPS Conference, held in Rome, Italy, from 8–13 July 2018, under the theme ‘Transitions to sustainability, lifestyles changes and human well-being: cultural, environmental and political challenges.

    Children's interethnic relationships in multiethnic primary school: results of an inclusive language learning intervention on children with native and immigrant background in Italy

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    The increasing multicultural character of European society and the growing presence of children from immigrant families in European schools represent a key issue to understand the development of positive social behavior and intergroup relations in the education context. In this paper, we assessed the outcomes of a school intervention program aimed at improving interethnic relations among primary school children in Italy, through foreign language (i.e., English) learning activities, based on the narrative format model. Children who took part in the intervention program were compared to a control group, following a pre-post design (N = 129; age range 7â9 years old). Results confirmed our expectations, indicating a reduced tendency of Italian pupils to reject their immigrant schoolmates, after the intervention. An opposite pattern emerged in the control group, where no specific intervention was implemented. In terms of foreign language learning outcomes, results show that children who participated to the narrative format intervention have a higher production of English words, both new and repeated. The theoretical and practical implications of the study for what it concerns the improvement of linguistic achievement and the promotion of positive social climates in multiethnic educational contexts are discussed
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