1,037 research outputs found
Converging approaches to non-viral gene delivery
No full textGene delivery is the transfer of genetic material into recipient cells to alter some functions. As the spontaneous entry of naked nucleic acids into cells is unfortunately very ineffective, gene delivery vectors have made their breakthrough in basic and medical research [1].
Viral vectors-based gene delivery can achieve higher transduction efficiency and long-lasting effects, but they are associated with some shortcomings [2]. Non-viral gene-delivery agents, i.e., cationic lipids and polymers, self-assemble with polyanionic nucleic acids to give rise to nano- and micro-particles called lipoplexes and polyplexes, respectively, that are taken up by cells to elicit their function, but do not possess the required efficacy yet [3]. In fact, although safer than recombinant viruses, non-viral vectors currently available do unfortunately suffer from low transfection efficiency and/or remarkable cytotoxic effects [4].
The grail of gene delivery is the design of vectors and other means as effective and non-cytotoxic as possible, i.e., that are capable of safe permeation of the biological barriers and targeted delivery to intended therapeutic sites at sub-cellular precision level. In this context, collaborations between medicine, engineering, chemistry and biology are therefore essential to develop new gene delivery systems.
This talk will chronicle the road towards the development of more and more effective gene delivery vectors.
To elicit the desired outcome, major strides forward have been made in the development of stimuli-responsive gene delivery vectors that actively respond to changes in the (micro)environment (e.g., enzymes, pH) by altering their properties and behaviour. In this regard, a new class of very promising redox-responsive gene delivery vectors will be presented, and some insight into their mechanism of action depicted [5-9].
Key issues of gene delivery, such as why and how to shape nanometric and micrometric gene delivery complexes [10], which is the effect of the interplay between gene delivery complexes and biological fluids [11, 12], how to harness gene delivery vectors with cell-targeting properties [13] and antimicrobial activity [14, 15] will be dealt with.
In order to speed up the optimisation process, there really is an urgent need to develop new tools and technologies for the unbiased, straightforward, and quantitative assessment of transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity. A promising approach facing such biologically relevant issues relies on the design of miniaturized and easy-to-use devices. Lab-on-chip (LoC) platforms to perform transfection assays for unbiased, high-throughput selection of more and more effective gene delivery vectors will be presented as well [16, 17].
References:
[1] D. Pezzoli, G. Candiani, Journal of Nanoparticle Research 15 (2013).
[2] W. Wang, W. Li, N. Ma, G. Steinhoff, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 14 (2013) 46-60.
[3] D.W. Pack, A.S. Hoffman, S. Pun, P.S. Stayton, Nat Rev Drug Discov 4 (2005) 581-593.
[4] M.A. Mintzer, E.E. Simanek, Chemical Reviews 109 (2009) 259-302.
[5] G. Candiani, M. Frigerio, F. Viani, C. Verpelli, C. Sala, L. Chiamenti, N. Zaffaroni, M. Folini, M. Sani, W. Panzeri, M. Zanda, ChemMedChem 2 (2007) 292-296.
[6] G. Candiani, D. Pezzoli, M. Cabras, S. Ristori, C. Pellegrini, A. Kajaste-Rudnitski, E. Vicenzi, C. Sala, M. Zanda, The Journal of Gene Medicine 10 (2008) 637-645.
[7] G. Candiani, D. Pezzoli, L. Ciani, R. Chiesa, S. Ristori, PLoS ONE 5 (2010).
[8] L. Ciani, G. Candiani, A. Frati, S. Ristori, Biophysical Chemistry 151 (2010) 81-85.
[9] D. Pezzoli, A. Kajaste-Rudnitski, R. Chiesa, G. Candiani, Lipid-Based Nanoparticles as Nonviral Gene Delivery Vectors, Nanomaterial Interfaces in Biology, 2013, pp. 269-279.
[10] D. Pezzoli, E. Giupponi, D. Mantovani, G. Candiani, Scientific Reports 7 (2017).
[11] D. Pezzoli, M. Zanda, R. Chiesa, G. Candiani, Journal of Controlled Release 165 (2013) 44-53.
[12] D. Maiolo, J. Colombo, J. Beretta, C. Malloggi, G. Candiani, F. Baldelli Bombelli, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 168 (2018) 60-67.
[13] D. Pezzoli, P. Tarsini, L. Melone, G. Candiani, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 37 (2017) 115-122.
[14] A. Ghilardi, D. Pezzoli, M.C. Bellucci, C. Malloggi, A. Negri, A. Sganappa, G. Tedeschi, G. Candiani, A. Volonterio, Bioconjugate Chemistry 24 (2013) 1928-1936.
[15] N. Bono, C. Pennetta, A. Sganappa, E. Giupponi, F. Sansone, A. Volonterio, G. Candiani, International Journal of Pharmaceutics 549 (2018) 436-445.
[16] P. Occhetta, C. Malloggi, A. Gazaneo, A. Redaelli, G. Candiani, M. Rasponi, RSC Advances 5 (2015) 5087-5095.
[17] E. Giupponi, R. Visone, P. Occhetta, F. Colombo, M. Rasponi, G. Candiani, Biotechnology and Bioengineering 115 (2018) 775-784
Scheda 260. Sant’Antonino, Villa Candiani
No full textScheda relativi agli affreschi delle facciate e del salone di villa Candiani a Sant'Antonino (Treviso), eseguiti da un autore anonimo veneto nella seconda metà del XIX secol
Leonardo da Vinci e il monumento funebre di Azzone Visconti
No full textLeonardo da Vinci e il monumento funebre di Azzone Viscont
Vascelli, fregate e navi pubbliche da trasporto: la ricerca di un modello polivalente e i primi disegni di navi da guerra a vela veneziane
No full textTra Controllo del territorio e sorveglianza navale: la leva marittima veneziana a Creta, 1575-1645
No full text
Interaction of polymeric biomaterials with bacteria (static)
No full textBacterial adhesion is one of the major clinical complications causing infections and a relatively high-mortality rate after implantation of medical devices. Bacterial adhesion to biotic and abiotic surfaces gives often rise to the formation of a biofilm, otherwise said, an accumulated biomass of microorganisms on a solid substrate embedded within self-produced extracellular components. In this scenario, and due to the fact that the biofilm has shown to display some inherent antibiotic resistance, researchers have been focusing more and more on the development of the antiinfective polymeric biomaterials designed for specific clinical applications and endowed with highbiocompatibility properties. For a thorough understanding of how to develop new strategies, processes, and/or materials suitable for the inhibition of bacterial adhesion, the general bacterial behavior during the cell adhesion process needs to be elucidated first. Furthermore, some classic and more recent technologies successfully applied for the development of biomaterials and surfaces with antibacterial properties will be
discussed in the following paragraphs, underlying how their indisputable potential prevents
the establishment of infections and/or treats them once they have arisen [3]
L’iconografia di alcuni santi ambrosiani nel Salterio, Innario e Martirologio trecentesco Berlino-Milano.
No full textThe ambrosian Psalter, Hymarium and Martyrologium Berlin-Milan (Berlin, Staatliche Museen, Kupferstichkabinett, 78 C 16 and Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, P 165 sup.) is a little known but abundantly illuminated 14th century Milanese manuscript. The miniatures can be attributed to the Pantheon Master and his workshop. The Martyrologium contains many saints also of the Ambrosian Church, such as : Victor, Nazarius, Gervasius and Protasius, Nabor and Felix, Marcellina, Satyrus, Thecla and Pelagia. The present paper focuses on their unusual iconography, which is without precedence but can be related to textual traditions
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