1,476 research outputs found
Gbroidea dingaalana Lowry & Azman 2008
No full text<i>Gbroidea dingaalana</i> Lowry & Azman, 2008 <p>(Figs 4, 5, Pl. 2H)</p> <p> <i>Gbroidea dingaalana</i> Lowry & Azman, 2008: 61, figs 2–4.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Off Watsons Beach, Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia (14º40’S 145º28’E).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype female, 2.5 mm, AM P76155 (QLD 2010). Paratypes: 4 females, AM P38473 (QLD 2010); 2 females, AM P38471(QLD 2011); 4 females, AM P38472 (QLD 2011).</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Based on holotype female, 2.5 mm, AM P76155.</p> <p> <b>Head.</b> <i>Head</i> lateral cephalic lobes apically acute. <i>Eyes</i> large, irregularly round with deep brown core. <i>Antenna 1</i> flagellum with about 4 articles each with long aesthetascs distally; accessory flagellum 1 articulate. <i>Antenna 2</i> slightly shorter than antenna 1, slender; flagellum with 4 articles, apex of terminal segment with few long setae. <i>Lower lip</i> outer lobes apically produced with dense short apical setae. <i>Maxilliped</i> inner plate not broad, apically truncate; outer plate extending beyond inner plate, apex with one small robust seta and several simple setae; palp 4-articulate, article 2 wider than long, dactylus apically falcate.</p> <p> <b>Pereon.</b> <i>Gnathopod 1</i> coxa vestigial; basis robust, anterior margin with 4 medium length setae, posterior margin with 1 seta posterodistally; merus not elongated, posterior margin with two setae; carpus distally expanded, anterodistally rounded with a pair of setae, posterior margin slightly produced with 3 posterodistal setae; propodus subrectangular, anterior margin with 3 setae, tooth-like process anterodistally, posterior margin straight; dactylus falcate. <i>Gnathopod 2</i> basis robust, anterior margin lined with medium length setae, posterior margin without setae; merus posterodistal margin with long setae; carpus subtriangular, subequal in length with propodus, anterior margin without setae, anterodistal margin with two setae. <i>Pereopod 3</i> coxa anterior margin expanded, rounded, posterior margin slightly concave; basis anterior margin densely setose; merus gradually expanding anterodistally. <i>Pereopod 4</i> coxa enlarged, shield-like, anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin with well developed rounded posterodistal margin; basis anterior margin straight, posterior margin slightly concave. <i>Pereopod 5</i> coxa anterior and posterior margin rounded; basis slender, rectolinear; merus posterodistal margin slightly produced. <i>Pereopod 7</i> shorter than pereopod 6; coxa anteroventral margin produced, expanded; basis anterior margin straight, with 2 setae along margin, posterior margin expanded, with distal lobe extending beyond ischium.</p> <p> <b>Pleon.</b> <i>Epimeron 3</i> posterodistal margin rounded. <i>Uropod 1</i> rami subequal, peduncle slightly shorter than rami, both margins of both rami pectinate. <i>Uropod 2</i> biramous, inner ramus shorter than outer ramus, both margins of both rami pectinate. <i>Uropod 3</i> biramous; peduncle subequal in length of inner ramus; inner ramus shorter than outer, outer margins pectinate. <i>Telson</i> entire.</p> <p> <b>Male</b> (sexually dimorphic characters). Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Habitat.</b> Living in association with the unstalked crinoids, <i>Comathus briareus</i>, <i>Comatula rotalaria</i> and <i>Zygometra microdiscus</i>.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. As Lowry & Azman (2008) pointed out, <i>Gbroidea dingaalana</i> has been observed on three crinoid species: <i>Comathus briareus</i>, <i>Comatula rotalaria</i> and <i>Zygometra microdiscus</i>. The weakly developed mouthparts of <i>G. dingaalana</i> indicate that it is probably feeding on soft tissue, possibly epidermal tissue from the crinoid. This relationship appears to be very similar to that mentioned by Vader (1978) and Comely & Ansell (1988) for the uristid amphipod, <i>Euonyx chelatus</i>, which is an epiparasite of the regular sea urchin, <i>Echinus esculentus.</i></p> <p> Morphologically <i>Gbroidea dingaalana</i> appears to be most closely related to the genera <i>Cyproidea</i> and <i>Mokuoloe</i> by having similar shape and embellishment especially the rectolinear basis of pereopod 5 to 6, however both of the genera differ from the present species by having subchelate gnathopod 1. Ultimately <i>Gbroidea dingaalana</i> has no agreement with any other species shown in its unique association with the three crinoid species, apart from that it is easily distinguished by the, (1) absence of molar, (2) gnathopod 1-2 simple, (3) pereopod 5-6 basis rectolinear, (4) urosomite 1 elongate, without dorsal keel, (5) urosomite 3 not projecting over telson, (6) telson laminar, shorter than apex of uropod 3 rami.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. <i>Australia</i>. Queensland: Lizard Island (Lowry & Azman 2008).</p>Published as part of <i>Azman, B. A. R., 2009, Cyproideidae *, pp. 380-392 in Zootaxa 2260 (1)</i> on pages 385-388, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.19, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5323740">http://zenodo.org/record/5323740</a>
New Key Exchange Protocol Based on Mandelbrot and Julia Fractal Sets.
No full textIn this paper, we propose a new cryptographic key exchange
protocol based on Mandelbrot and Julia Fractal sets. The Fractal based key exchange protocol is possible because of the intrinsic connection between the Mandelbrot and Julia Fractal sets. In the proposed protocol, Mandelbrot Fractal function takes the chosen private key as the input parameter and generates the corresponding public key
Narapheonoides lowryi Azman, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textNarapheonoides lowryi sp. nov. (Figs 6, 7, Pl. 3A) Type material. Holotype, sex unknown, 1.9 mm, AM P70830 (in slides), Cobia Hole, Lizard Island (14°39.09’S 145°26.51’E), coarse sediment, 17 m, J.K. Lowry, 25 February 2005 (QLD 1666). Additional material examined. 1 sex unknown, AM P70799 (QLD 1654). Type locality. Cobia Hole, Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia (14°39.09’S 145°26.51’E). Etymology. This species is dedicated to Dr J.K. Lowry (The Australian Museum), collector of most of the type series for this study. Description. Based on holotype, AM P70830. Head. Head dorsal margin longer than pereonites 2 and 3 combined. Eyes large, circular. Antenna 1 slightly shorter than antenna 2; accessory flagellum 1-articulate; primary flagellum 4 articulate, each bearing a tuft of long aesthetascs ventrodistally. Antenna 2 slender, sparsely setose; gland cone stout, almost reaching distal end of peduncular article 3. Mandible molar well developed; palp absent. Maxilla 1 palp 1 articulate. Maxilla 2 outer plate longer than inner plate. Maxilliped inner plate narrow; outer plate extending beyond palp article 1; palp 4 articulate; palp article 3 with lobe on inner margin; article 4 falcate. Upper lip asymmetrically bilobed. Lower lip inner lobes undefined; shoulders of outer lobe risen, densely bristly. Gnathopod 1 scarcely subchelate; carpus gradually widening, carpal lobe extended distally to one fourth of propodus with three stout robust setae on distal margin; propodus almost straight and parallel, anterior margin with robust seta, palm with three robust setae; dactylus falcate with serrations along inner margin. Gnathopod 2 subchelate; merus subcylindrical, gradually narrowing distally, with several robust setae; carpus anterodistally produced, posterodistal end produced as gnathopod 1, with a number of robust setae along the margin; propodus as long as carpus, posterior margin gradually expanding distally with several robust setae at distal end; palm transverse; dactylus falcate with serrations along inner margin. Pereopod 3 coxa expanded, posterior margin gently concave; basis slender; merus gradually expanding on anteroproximal margin. Pereopod 4 coxa subquadrate, posterior margin extended backward; basis to dactylus slender. Pereopod 5 basis rectolinear. Pereopod 6 coxa expanded backward and downward; basis uniform in width with flange, anterior margin with several robust setae along margin; merus posterior margin gradually expanding. Pereopod 7 coxa semicircular; basis subovate, anterior margin slightly rounded with several robust setae along margin, posterior margin slightly rounded with flange; merus posterior margin gradually expanding proximally, distal extension subtriangular. Pleon. Urosomite 1 with dorsal keel. Uropod 1 well developed; extending beyond uropod 2, slender; peduncle subequal to rami in length with ventromedial process; both rami subequal to each other in length. Uropod 2 well developed; peduncle shorter than rami; outer ramus slightly longer than inner. Uropod 3 reduced; peduncle with ventromedial process; outer ramus longer than inner. Telson elongate, semioval, reaching two thirds of peduncle of uropod 3. Habitat. Coarse sediment, 17 m depth. Remarks. Narapheonoides can be easily distinguished from the remaining genera of the family Cyproideidae by these combined characters: (1) mandible with well developed molar and the absence of mandibular palp; (2) pereopod 6 basis expanded; (3) maxilla 1 palp 1-articulate; (4) urosomite 1 with keel. As mentioned by J.L. Barnard (1972), the genus Narapheonoides has the closest affinity with the Caribbean Hoplopheonoides Shoemaker, 1956, but differs from the latter in the presence of an accessory flagellum, the stronger palm of gnathopod 1 and pereopod 6 basis expanded. To date the genus contained only a single species, Narapheonoides mullaya J.L. Barnard based on material from Cape Naturaliste, Western Australia. However, the present specimen is readily distinguished from N. mullaya by having a narrower propodus and less defined palm of gnathopod 1, basis of pereopod 6 broader and by the posterodistal flange of pereopods 6 and 7. Distribution. Australia: Lizard Island, Queensland (current study).Published as part of Azman, B. A. R., 2009, Cyproideidae *, pp. 380-392 in Zootaxa 2260 (1) on pages 388-391, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/532374
Talorchestia dili Azman, 2017, sp. nov.
No full textTalorchestia dili sp. nov. (Figs 5–8) Type material. Holotype, male, 11.4 mm, AM P.90634 (SEM pin and 4 SEM stubs), beach at Monte Veado, west of Tibar, Timor-Leste, (8°33.817'S 125°24.450'E), under small clumps of algae on coarse shell and sand, supralittoral, 20 September 2012, J.K. Lowry, R.E. Golding, M. Hugill, TM 2012-052. Paratypes: female ovigerous, AM P.90635 (SEM pin and 2 SEM stubs); many specimens, AM P.99067, same data as holotype. Additional material examined. 15 specimens, AM P.98981, among Posidonia, and brown and red algae on coarse sand and shell beach above broad mud flats and Posidonia meadows, east end of large bay between Dili and Christu Rei, East Timor (8°32.772'S 125°36.384'E), J.K. Lowry, R.E. Golding, 18 September 2012, TM 2012-012. Many specimens, AM P.99712, among leaves, twigs over coarse sand backing large mangrove forest at Gaiteho, Timor-Leste (8°34.103'S 125°26.066'E), J.K. Lowry, 22 September 2012, TM 2012-053. 70 specimens, AM P.97713, under small clumps of algae on fine white sand beach at western end of Christu Rei, Timor-Leste (8°31.358'S 125°36.556'E), J.K. Lowry and R.E. Golding, 23 September 2012, TM 2012-079. 16 specimens, AM P.97710, under small patches of seaweed over coarse black sand along edge of small freshwater stream near the sea, west of Hera, Timor-Leste (8°31.701'S 125°40.231'E), J.K. Lowry and R.E. Golding, 23 September 2012, TM 2012–081. Type locality. Beach at Monte Veado, west of Tibar, Timor-Leste (8°33.817'S 125°24.450'E). Habitat. Living among strandline debris on coarse shell and sand beaches in the supralittoral zone. Etymology. Named for original area of collection, Dili. Description. Based on holotype, male, 11.4 mm, AM P.90634. Head. Antenna 2 about as long as body (95%) ; peduncular articles with marginal row of robust setae, peduncular articles with many small robust setae; article 5 much longer than article 4; flagellar articles final article large, cone-shaped forming a virgula divina, with apical cluster of 'imbricated' setae. Labrum upper lip with apical setal patch; epistome without robust setae, without many pores. Mandible left lacinia mobilis with 5 cusps. Labium distolateral setal tuft absent; without inner plates. Maxilla 1 with small palp, 2-articulate. Pereon. Gnathopod 1 coxa smaller than coxa 2; carpus 1.7 × as long as propodus, 2.5 × as long as broad; propodus subrectangular, anterior margin with 6 groups of robust setae; dactylus longer than palm, with anterodistal denticular patch. Gnathopod 2 sexually dimorphic; basis anterior margin smooth, slender; ischium with slight rounded lobe on mid-anterior margin, distal triangular anterodistal lobe on medial surface; carpus triangular, reduced (enclosed by merus and propodus), posterior lobe absent, not projecting between merus and propodus; propodus subrhomboidal, 1.8 × as long as wide, palm reaching about 56¾ along posterior margin, smooth, without protuberance near dactylar hinge, lined with robust setae, posteromedial surface of propodus with groove, without cuticular patch at corner of palm; dactylus subequal in length to palm, sinusoidal, without anteroproximal bump, with posteroproximal sinus and stout projection. Pereopods 2–4 coxae wider than deep, or as wide as deep, or deeper than wide. Pereopod 3 dactylus without anterodistal patch. Pereopod 4 significantly shorter than pereopod 3; carpus significantly shorter than carpus of pereopod 3; dactylus without anterodistal denticular patch. Pereopod 5 propodus distinctly longer than carpus; dactylus with anterodistal denticulate patch. Pereopod 6 coxa posterior lobe medial view posteroventral corner rounded, posterior margin oblique to ventral margin, posterior lobe with ridge, with 5 or more marginal setae. Pereopod 7 basis lateral sulcus present, slightly pronounced, posterodistal lobe absent; distal articles (merus and carpus) slender; merus posterior margin straight. Pleon. Epimeron 1 robust setae along ventral margin absent. Epimeron 2 longer than epimeron 3. Epimeron 3 posterior margin smooth, with tiny setae, posteroventral corner with small subacute tooth. Uropod 1 peduncle with about 20 robust setae; inner ramus subequal in length to outer with 5 lateral and 7 medial robust setae; outer ramus without marginal robust setae. Uropod 2 peduncle about 16 robust setae; inner ramus subequal in length to outer ramus, with 4 medial and 4 lateral robust setae; outer ramus with 3 marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 peduncle with 9–10 robust setae; ramus not fused to peduncle, ramus 2.2 × as long as broad, ramus linear (narrowing), ramus with 3 marginal robust setae, ramus with more than 5 apical robust setae. Telson dorsal midline complete, 9–10 setae per lobe. Female (sexually dimorphic characters). Paratype, female, AM P.90635. Antenna 2 more than half but not exceeding body length. Gnathopod 1 carpus 3.3 × as long as broad; propodus anterior margin with 4 groups of robust setae. Gnathopod 2 basis expanded anteroproximally and anterodistally; ischium without lobe on anterior margin, without anterodistal lobe on medial surface; carpus well developed (not enclosed by merus and propodus), posterior lobe present, projecting between merus and propodus; propodus not lined with robust setae; dactylus curved, posterior margin smooth. Oostegites longer than wide (length greater than 2 × width), weakly setose. Remarks. Talorchestia dili is common to very common on sand beaches in the Dili area of Timor-Leste (personal observations, JKL). It belongs in the species group without a distal protuberance on the palm of male gnathopod 2. This species is geographically nearest to T. martensii (Weber, 1892) and is similar morphologically, but differs most obviously in the shape of the posteroventral corner of epimeron 3 (small subacute tooth in T. dili and forming a large, acutely produced tooth in T. martensii). Distribution. Timor-Leste. East and west of Dili (this study).Published as part of Azman, B. A. R., 2017, The talitrid amphipod genus Talorchestia from the South China Sea to the Indonesian Archipelago (Crustacea, Senticaudata), pp. 401-434 in Zootaxa 4319 (3) on pages 407-411, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/89224
Cyproidea cobia Azman, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textCyproidea cobia sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2, 3, Pl. 2G) Type material. Holotype, sex unknown, 4.2 mm, AM P78320 (in slides), Cobia Hole, Lizard Island (14°39.09’S 145°26.51’E), coarse sediment, 17 m, J.K. Lowry, 25 February 2005 (QLD 1666). Paratype: 1 unsexed, AM P70762, Loomis Beach moorings, Lizard Island, Queensland (14°41.027’S 145°26.877’E), sand & silt, sandy bottom, 3 m, J. Just, 25 February 2005 (QLD 1650). Type locality. Cobia Hole, Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia (14°39.09’S 145°26.51’E). Additional Material Examined. 1 unsexed, AM P70781 (QLD 1666); 2 unsexed, AM P70913 (QLD 1672). Etymology. Named after the type locality. Description. Based on holotype, sex unknown, AM P70837. Head. Head lateral cephalic lobe narrowly rounded apically; eyes large and round. Antenna 1 peduncle article 2 produced distally; primary flagellum with 7 articles. Antenna 2 slender and slightly longer than antenna 1. Mandible molar vestigial; palp present, with 3 articles, long and slender; lacinia mobilis multidentate; incisor strongly dentate. Maxilla 1 palp 1-articulate. Maxilla 2 outer plate longer than inner, both generally setose. Maxilliped outer plate not reaching the distal margin of palp article 1; palp with 4 articles, article 3 terminating in a lobe, article 4 dactylate. Upper lip asymmetrically. Lower lip apical margin of the outer lobe with small and deep cleft; mandibular process rounded. Pereon. Gnathopod 1 subchelate; coxa vestigial; basis slender with minute setae along anterior margin; ischium posterior margin bristly; merus produced into triangular process; carpus subtriangular, not produced in the posterior lobe, with long setae and bristly; propodus subovate, palm serrated; dactylus attenuate, inner margin serrate. Gnathopod 2 carpochelate; coxa vestigial; basis subrectangular; ischium subrectangular, posterior process not developed; carpus lobe extending almost two third of propodus; propodus subovate, palm serrated; dactylus, inner margin serrated, attenuated. Pereopod 3 coxa expanded, broadly triangular; basis to dactylus slender. Pereopod 4 coxa very developed, relatively bigger than coxa 3; basis to dactylus slender. Pereopod 5 basis rectolinear. Pereopod 6 coxa small with minute seta posterodistally; basis rectolinear. Pereopod 7 coxa small with minute seta posterodistally; basis slightly expanded proximally. Pleon. Pleonite 3 without dorsodistal process. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner rounded. Urosomite 1 without dorsal keel. Urosomite 3 with triangular process reaching beyond half of telson. Uropod 1 peduncle longer than rami; rami subequal in length with minutely pectinate. Uropod 2 similar to uropod 1 but smaller. Uropod 3 peduncle as long as inner ramus, outer ramus slightly longer than inner. Telson apically rounded. Habitat. Coarse sediment, 3–17 m. Remarks. The genus Cyproidea is characterized by a having transverse palm on gnathopod 2, vaulted urosomite 3 overlapping the telson, telson small and not reaching apex of peduncle 3. So far, only five species of Cyproidea have been described, Cyproidea ornata Haswell, 1879, based on material from Port Jackson, New South Wales; Cyproidea liodactyla Hirayama, 1978, from Japan; Cyproidea marmorata Moore, 1981, from Tinderbox, Tasmania; Cyproidea robusta Ren, 2006 from Hainan, China; and Cyproidea serratipalma Schellenberg, 1938, from New Caledonia. The new species can be distinguished from all other existing species of Cyproidea by the following characteristics: (1) the basis of gnathopod 2 is rectolinear whereas in the remaining species they are somewhat expanded anteriorly; (2) the posterodistal process of gnathopod 2 ischium is not developed, on the contrary it is well developed in the rest of the species. Cyproidea cobia sp. nov. closely resembles Cyproidea liodactyla in having slightly produced carpal lobe of gnathopod 1 and subequal length of uropod 2 rami, but is easily distinguishable by the undeveloped posterodistal process of gnathopod 2 ischium. However, in terms of body size Cyproidea cobia at 4.2 mm is distinctly larger than Cyproidea liodactyla (2.8 mm), Cyproidea marmorata (3.5 mm) and Cyproidea serratipalma (4.0 mm). Distribution. Australia. Queensland: Lizard Island (current study).Published as part of Azman, B. A. R., 2009, Cyproideidae *, pp. 380-392 in Zootaxa 2260 (1) on pages 381-385, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/532374
Amphilochus lacertus Azman, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textAmphilochus lacertus sp. nov. (Figs 3, 4) Type material. Holotype, female, 2.7 mm, AM P76251 (in slides). Paratypes: 37 specimens, AM P 73185, 100 m off Freshwater Beach, Lizard Island (~ 14°41’S 145°27’E), sediment sample from sand bottom, 1.5 m, C. J. Short, 10 October 1978 (QLD 35). Type locality. Freshwater Beach, Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia (~ 14°41’S 145°27’E). Etymology. Named ‘lacertus’ in Latin for lizard, after the type locality, Lizard Island. Description. Based on holotype female, 2.7 mm, AM P76251. Head. Head lateral cephalic lobes apically round, rostrum decurved, slightly beyond peduncular article 1 of antenna 1; eyes large, irregularly round with black core. Antenna 1 slightly shorter than antenna 2, peduncular articles 1–3 with few short setae distally; flagellum with about 7 articles; accessory flagellum vestigial. Antenna 2 flagellum with 6 articles. Labium bilobed, densely pubescent apically. Lower lip shoulders densely, produced inward, with 2 small teeth on each lobe, mandibular process small. Maxilla 1 inner plate missing; outer plate with 7 large teeth; palp biarticulate, extending beyond outer plate, distal segment apical margin with several fine and robust setae. Maxilla 2 inner plate broader than outer plate with several stiff setae apically. Mandible, incisor serrate; palp 3-articulate, article 2 shorter than 1, article 3 attenuate. Maxilliped inner plate margin rounded apically, distally serrate with several fine setae; outer plate apical margin with fine and robust pectinate setae; palp stout, dactylus with unguis. Pereon. Gnathopod 1 coxa subquadrate; basis lined with several long setae along anterior margin, posterodistal margin with one seta; carpus subtriangular, slightly produced posterodistally with several pectinate setae; propodus distally expanded, anterior margin without setae; palm transverse, serrate, lined with slender setae, corner defined by 2 robust setae; dactylus inner margin serrate, distally attenuate. Gnathopod 2 coxa longer than wide; basis anterior margin without seta, anterodistal with flange, posterior margin expanded distally without setae along margin, posterodistal with one short robust seta; carpus with elongate posterior lobe extending beyond edge of palm, outer margin of lobe with 3 basal robust setae, distal part with 3 robust setae; propodus broad, gradually expanding, anterior margin without setae on medial margin, palm transverse with fine setae along margin and defined by 2 robust setae; dactylus inner margin serrate, distally attenuate. Pereopod 3 coxa subrectangular; basis elongate, anterior margin with 4 medium length setae along margin; dactylus falcate. Pereopod 4 coxa expanded medially; basis slender; carpus, propodus and dactylus lost. Pereopod 5 coxa bilobed; basis subquadrate, anterior margin with 4 robust setae, posterior with fine setae along margin; merus expanded posterodistally; dactylus falcate. Pereopod 6 basis anterior margin with 5 robust setae, posterior margin medially expanded with fine setae along margin; dactylus falcate. Pereopod 7 basis expanded, anterior margin with 4 short robust setae, posterior margin with fine setae; dactylus falcate. Pleon. Uropod 1 rami subequal in length, with short setae along margin; peduncle slightly shorter than rami with several short setae on inner margin. Uropod 2 inner ramus longer than outer ramus, lined with short setae along medial margin; peduncle shorter rami. Uropod 3 lost. Telson entire, longer than wide, apically acute. Male (sexually dimorphic characters). Unable to determine adult male among broken specimens. Habitat. Sandy bottom. Remarks. Amphilochus lacertus sp. nov. appears to be closely related to A. justi. They more or less agree in the structure of the pleonal epimera 1–3, antennae and uropods. The gnathopods are also nearly identical, except that basis of gnathopod 1 lined with medium length setae along its anterior margin. Further, the rostrum is extending beyond article 1 of antenna 1. Among the more important features characteristic of the present species is the overall structure of maxilliped. In A. lacertus the maxilliped is somewhat stouter especially in palp articles 1–3, the presence of the dactylar unguis also add to these differences. Distribution. Australia. Queensland: Lizard Island (current study).Published as part of Azman, B. A. R., 2009, Amphilochidae *, pp. 143-152 in Zootaxa 2260 (1) on pages 147-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/532339
Amphilochus justi Azman, 2009, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Amphilochus justi</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 1, 2)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype, female, 2.6 mm, AM P70575 (in slides), 200 m off Research Beach, Lizard Island (14°40.83’S 145°26.75’E), fine biogenic sand, patches of reef and sand, 2.5 m, J. Just, 23 February 2005 (QLD 1625).</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Off Research Beach, Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia (14°40.83’S 145°26.75’E).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species is dedicated to Dr Jean Just from the Museum of Tropical Queensland, who collected these animals.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Based on holotype, female, 2.6 mm, AM P70575.</p> <p> <b>Head.</b> <i>Head</i> lateral cephalic lobes apically round; eyes irregularly round with black centre bordered with numerous opaque ommatidia. <i>Antenna 1</i> flagellum with about 5 articles, distoventral corner of last three articles with several elongate and flattened setae; accessory flagellum lacking. <i>Antenna 2</i> longer than Antenna 1; flagellum with 5 articles. <i>Upper lip</i> bilobed, asymmetric, densely pubescent apically. <i>Lower Lip</i> each lobe of outer plate subtriangular, shoulders densely pubescent, produced inward with bifid tooth. <i>Mandible</i> molar conical; palp with 3 articles of length ratios 6:13:16, article 3 apically attenuated. <i>Maxilla 1</i> outer plate with several large teeth; palp biarticulate, extending far beyond outer plate, apical margin with several large teeth. <i>Maxilla 2</i> inner plate with medial row of submarginal setae; outer plate longer than inner, with several terminal setae. <i>Maxilliped</i> inner plate missing; palp article 3 longer than wide, dactylus without unguis.</p> <p> <b>Pereon.</b> <i>Gnathopod 1</i> coxa anterodistally rounded; basis slender, anterior and posterior margin without setae, posterodistal margin with seta; merus with 2 distal robust setae; carpus with robust setae on posterior lobe; propodus anterior margin with few long setae, anterodistally with 2 short setae, palm transverse lined with slender setae and defined by three robust setae; dactylus inner margin serrate. <i>Gnathopod 2</i> basis anterior without seta, with flange, posterodistal margin with robust seta; carpus with elongate posterior lobe extending edge of palm, inner margin of lobe with two robust setae, distal part with three robust setae; propodus distally expanded, palm transverse, serrate, lined with slender setae, posterodistally with 2 short robust setae; dactylus inner margin serrate. <i>Pereopod 3</i> coxa longer than wide; basis without setae; dactylus attenuate. <i>Pereopod 4</i> coxa large, quadrate; dactylus attenuate. <i>Pereopod 5</i> basis expanded, anterior margin with 4 short robust setae, posterior margin with short fine setae; dactylus attenuate. <i>Pereopod 6</i> basis anterior margin with 4 robust setae, posterior margin expanded with fine setae; dactylus attenuate. <i>Pereopod 7</i> basis anterior margin with 5 robust setae, posterior margin subquadrate with fine setae along margin; dactylus attenuate.</p> <p> <b>Pleon.</b> <i>Uropod 1</i> rami subequal in length with several short robust setae along margin; peduncle elongate much longer than rami, inner margin with 5 short robust setae. <i>Uropod 2</i> biramous, inner ramus longer than outer ramus with several short robust setae along margin; peduncle subequal in length to inner ramus, inner margin lined with short robust setae. <i>Uropod 3</i> biramous, rami subequal, inner ramus slightly longer than outer; peduncle longer than rami, lined with short robust setae. <i>Telson</i> entire, longer than wide, rounded distally.</p> <p> <b>Male</b> (sexually dimorphic characters). Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Habitat</b>. Sandy biogenic substrate.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. In general appearance this species shows close resemblance to species of <i>Amphilochus</i> as is particularly evident in the shape of the gnathopods, coxae, uropods and telson. However, the heavily setose peduncular article of uropod 2, subquadrate structure of pereopod 7 basis, and comparatively longer carpal lobe of gnathopod 2 (exceeding the end of propodus) are quite unlike those of any other known species of Australian <i>Amphilochus</i>. <i>Amphilochus justi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is quite similar to <i>A. ruperti</i> Moore, 1988, in not having a dactylar unguis on the maxillipedal palp. On the other hand it differs in the absence of accessory flagellum of antenna 1, longer carpal lobe of gnathopod 2 (extending beyond edge of palm) and the absence of submarginal minute robust setae along the anterior margins of the bases of pereopods 5–7. The other known Australian <i>Amphilochus</i>, <i>A. marionis</i> Stebbing, 1888, could be readily distinguished from <i>A. justi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> by having propodus of gnathopod 2 as long as wide and a relatively shorter telson. Table 1 summarizes the characters and states reviewed from literature and the present study.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. <i>Australia</i>. Queensland: Lizard Island (current study).</p>Published as part of <i>Azman, B. A. R., 2009, Amphilochidae *, pp. 143-152 in Zootaxa 2260 (1)</i> on pages 144-147, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5323399">http://zenodo.org/record/5323399</a>
Journalism and thinking skills / Azman Azwan Azmawati
No full textThe increasing complexity of issues that mass media covers and the challenge to present it in the most profound approach is indeed a demanding task. Recent developments - locally and internationally - are testimonies that journalists can no more simply hold on to the gift for words in order to come out with an effective reporting. In today s ever-challenging world, be it political, social, economics – a critical, analytical, creative and profound reporting is the order of the day. Today s world does not need a journalist who merely simply fits her/his notes into the existing newspaper category, which is hard news and feature. This simple non-intellectual kind of reporting is no longer acceptable by the readers. Readers want a broader and comprehensive outlook on news. Facts need to be dissected and presented in a critical and analytical manner. Therefore, a revolution in the journalism curriculum must take place if we want to see a more proactive reporting
Dark retweets: an investigation of non-conventional retweeting patterns
No full textRetweets are an important mechanism for the propagation of information on the Twitter social media platform. However, many retweets do not use the official retweet mechanism, or even community established conventions, and these "dark retweets" are not accounted for in many existing analyses. In this thesis, a typology of 19 different tweet propagation types is presented, based on seven characteristics: whether it is proprietary, the mechanism used, whether it is created by followers or non-followers, whether it mentions other users, if it is explicitly propagating another tweet, if it links to an original tweet, and the audience that it is pushed to. Based on this typology and two retweetability confidence factors, the degrees of a retweet's "darkness" can be determined. This typology was evaluated over two datasets: a random sample of 27,146 tweets, and a URL drill-down dataset of 262,517 tweets. It was found that dark retweets amounted to 20.8% of the random sample, however the behaviour of dark retweets is not uniform. The existence of supervisible and superdark URLs skew the average proportion of dark retweets in a dataset. Dark retweet behaviour was explored further by examining the average reach of retweet actions and identifying content domains in which dark retweets seem more prevalent. It was found that 1) the average reach of a dark retweet action (3,614 users per retweet) was found to be just over double the average reach of a visible retweet action (1,675 users per retweet), and 2) dark retweets were more frequently used in spreading social media (41% of retweets) and spam (40.6%) URLs, whilst they were least prevalent in basic information domains such as music (8.5%), photos (5%) and videos (3.9%). It was also found that once the supervisible and superdark URLs were discarded from the analysis, the proportion of dark retweets decreased from 20.8% to 12%, whilst visible retweets increased from 79.2% to 88%. This research contributes a 19-type tweet propagation typology and the findings that dark retweets exist, but their behaviour varies depending on the retweeter and URL content domain
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