1,720,957 research outputs found
CHLORIDE INTRACELLULAR ION CHANNEL 1 AS A CUTTING EDGE BETWEEN NEUROGENESIS AND NEURODEGENERATION.
Get PDFChloride intracellular ion channel 1 (CLIC1) has peculiar properties compared to most known ion channels, in that it exists both as a soluble protein and as a membrane-integrated protein. Previous studies have shown that CLIC1 insertion into the plasma membrane is driven by different stimuli such as oxidation, cytoplasmic acidification, increased calcium concentration. Once inserted into the plasma membrane CLIC1 forms a chloride selective ion channel.
The best characterized mechanism leading CLIC1 into the plasma membrane is cell oxidation. Our laboratory has previously shown that in microglia cells stimulation by amyloid beta peptides, one of the most common hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD), determines the increase of CLIC1-mediated current.
Many studies have demonstrated that many AD patients show at first visual impairment rather than other cognitive deficits. AD patients show severe abnormalities in the structure and function of the retina, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) loss. Several cellular mechanisms precede RGCs degeneration, including oxidative stress. Therefore, in view of the oxidation-driven behavior of CLIC1, during my PhD, I analyzed CLIC1 expression in mouse retina. We found out that CLIC1 expression is increased in retinas of two different AD mouse models. Interestingly, CLIC1 increased expression is prior to the manifestation of the first cognitive symptoms, thus proposing CLIC1 as an early marker of neurodegeneration in AD.
Although CLIC1 expression is largely increased in AD mouse retinas, CLIC1 is also expressed in wild type retinas, mainly in the gangliar layer, where the nuclei of RGCs, whose axons make up the optic nerve, are located. Thus, we wondered about the role of CLIC1 in the normal RGCs physiology. Our studies unraveled the crucial role of CLIC1-mediated current in axon outgrowth of RGCs, showing that the inhibition of the chloride current causes a reduced axon outgrowth that is parallel to an altered morphology of the growth cones and a reduced co-localization of CLIC1 with the actin cytoskeleton. Our results also suggest that CLIC1 involvement in axon outgrowth might be due to CLIC1 modulation by cAMP. Taken together our data propose cAMP, or cAMP homologues, as a putative tool to modulate CLIC1 transient expression at the plasma membrane and consequently axon outgrowth
Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1): Sensor and effector during oxidative stress
No full textAbstractOxidative stress, characterized by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a major feature of several pathological states. Indeed, many cancers and neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by altered redox balance, which results from dysregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. In this review, we consider the role of the intracellular chloride channel 1 (CLIC1) in microglial cells during oxidative stress. Following microglial activation, CLIC1 translocates from the cytosol to the plasma membrane where it promotes a chloride conductance. The resultant anionic current balances the excess charge extruded by the active NADPH oxidase, supporting the generation of superoxide by the enzyme. In this scenario, CLIC1 could be considered to act as both a second messenger and an executor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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