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Questioni di etica e di politica
No full textA chapter on the ethical and political ideas of the Enlightenmen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Alcune note sulla nozione di spiegazione nelle scienze e in filosofia
Full text linkNel 1965 il maggior fisico teorico dell'epoca annunciava, non senza ironia, che con ogni probabilità al mondo non ci fosse alcuno che comprendesse la meccanica quantistica. A distanza di oltre cinquant’anni, la citazione di Richard Feynman serve spesso da preambolo a quanti si ritengono in grado di dissipare la nebbia attorno a questa teoria. I progressi fatti in questa direzione sono comunque tali da giustificare un maggiore ottimismo. Gli studi sulla probabilità, gli approfondimenti della semantica delle teorie scientifiche, la nascita di logiche non classiche e modali, la nuova informatica quantistica e le teorie operazionali rappresentano alcuni dei traguardi che hanno permesso di rendere perspicuo il senso della teoria quantistica.L’incontro pone l’obiettivo di riflettere su questi progressi, proporre nuove strade, o indicare quali fra queste si siano invece interrotte. In altre parole, si propone di ampliare lo spazio delle nostre possibilità scientifiche e filosofiche di comprensione del mondo fisico.hen we explain something we use hypotheses, that is representations,
which we formulate on the basis of some background theory or other. What makes such
representations explanations are facts in the world. If, for instance, I can appeal to the
hypothesis that the second referee has been unfair as a way of accounting for why Claudio
is upset. and such a hypothesis is a (good) explanation if and only if the second referee
has been unfair. It follows that even if scientific theories can always be read in an instru-
mentalist sense, in using them to formulate explanatory hypotheses we often appeal,
implicitly or explicitly, to readings of them that go beyond their empirical content
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