2,008 research outputs found
Effect of HgCl2 on Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emission from the Sindian River and Sediments
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Design of mini phantom and measurement of cobalt-60 beam data parameters
No full textLow cost mini phantoms were fabricated indigenously with different water equivalent material such as polymethyl methacrylate and Bee′s wax of different shapes (with dome top surface and flat top surface). The beam parameters of the Co-60 machine, such as head scatter correction factor (S h ), phantom scatter correction factor (S P ), total scatter correction factor (S C,P ), collimator exchange effect were measured. Output ratio measurements were taken for both mini phantom and water phantom for different square and rectangular field sizes. Normalized output ratios were compared with ESTRO published values and (Storchi and Van Gasteren) S and G data. The percentage of variation between the measured and the literature values is about 0.7%. Collimator exchange effect were measured for water and mini phantom for different field size, were compared with ESTRO value. This was found to be 0.5% and 1.0% respectively. Phantom scatter correction factors were calculated for square and rectangular filed sizes; this was compared with ESTRO values, found to be 0.7% for square and 1.0% for rectangular filed size. It was also noted that there were no appreciable variation observed in ion chamber readings of different materials of mini phantoms for dome and flat surfaces. Mini phantom measurements were done for all types of phantoms and the measured values were compared with the existing data and they were in good agreement with the published values
Utilization of bio-waste material pomegranate peel powder along with silver nitrate and polyvinyl alcohol to form a hybrid biofilm
No full textThis work aims to convert the bio-waste material into a fruitful product. This prepared product can be a solution for environmentally hazardous materials like polymer bags and plastic food wrappers. The prepared material is composed of bio-waste pomegranate peel powder and environmentally friendly polyvinyl alcohol. To extend its functionality in food wrappers, the silver nitrate solution is incorporated. The prepared samples were undergone various performance studies. The prepared films show high thermal with standing capacity and tensile properties and especially show better results in biodegradability as well as antibacterial activity. Among the fabricated films, the 5 mM AgNO3-fabricated film shows that the thermal stability up to 331 °C also possesses higher tensile strength of 25.7 MPa. These results make the possibilities of the fabricated PP/PVA/5 mM AgNPs film as an alternative for conventionally used plastic-based food wrappers
Development and analysis of environmental friendly biocomposite films with pomegranate peel as filler for conventional applications
No full textThe work aims to probe the chances of utilizing the waste of pomegranate peel powder as a filler material alongside the polymer matrix. PVA is used as a polymer matrix in this study and the improvisation of its properties are the main objective by utilizing the pomegranate peel powder. By solution casting method, PVA/PP biocomposite films were prepared with varying weight % (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of pomegranate peel powder and are examined with FTIR, XRD, morphological studies, thermal analysis, tensile property, antibacterial test, and degradation test. The biodegradable films’ tensile strength was discovered to be 18.5 MPa, a 35% increase over films devoid of essential oil. The use of essential oil improved the thermal stability as well; the beginning degradation temperature increased by 40% to 210°C. Additionally, antimicrobial tests showed a 92% decrease in bacterial growth, demonstrating the essential oil’s effectiveness as an antibacterial agent. In order to evaluate the barrier qualities of the films, water vapor permeability was tested. It was discovered that the water vapor transfer rate was 2.3 g/m2/day, demonstrating remarkable resistance to moisture permeability. The aforementioned tests indicate that the use of pomegranate peel powder and PVA in biocomposite films results in improved biodegradation, as well as antibacterial activity, and that can be utilized in various eco-friendly applications. In the same way, they show improved tensile as well as thermal properties which suggest the utilization as packaging materials
Audio Streaming Using Li-FI Communication
No full textIn Wireless communication, Wi-Fi is the most versatile and effective technology which compact with radio frequencies for data transmission. But because of multiple accesses, Wi-Fi is facing many challenges namely capacity, availability, efficiency and security. The Wi-Fi emits radio waves which are very harmful to the patients and the radio waves interpret the medical instruments. This paper focuses on developing a light fidelity (Li-Fi) based system and analyzing its performance. This protocol can be adapted where radio waves are restricted, such as in airplane hospitals, and in some research facilities. Noticeable Light Communication (VLC) has increased extraordinary enthusiasm for the most recent decade because of the quick improvements in Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) manufacture Li-Fi is a novel technology for high-density wireless data transfer relieving no radio interferences in confined areas so it can be used in biosensors to measure various health parameters. This technology envisions a future where data for laptops, smartphones, and tablets will be transmitted in an economic and eco-friendly medium of light in the room
Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Management of Calopepla leayana on Gmelina arborea
No full textEntomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae were isolated and identified as natural pathogens of Calopepla leayana. Both the species of fungi were effective against the larval and adult stages of C. leayana causing white and green muscardine diseases respectively. It was also found that B. bassiana was more pathogenic to the pest as compared to M. anisopliae. The susceptibility of larvae and adults was negatively associated with the age and positively associated with the fungal spore concentration. In all the stages from I instar to adult, the highest mortality was observed in 10% of 1x109 spores/ml concentration of B. bassiana among 1, 2.5, 5 & 10% of 1x109 spores/ml concentration. It was also reflected in probit analysis that the concentration of spores required to kill fifty percent of the population was ranges from 0.09% to 5.98% of 1x109 spores/ml concentration of B. bassiana and 1.02% to 9.72% of 1x109 spores/ml concentration of M. anisopliae. The larvae of I instar have shown highest mortality, which gradually decreased with the increase in age or decrease in the concentration of fungal spores. Mass production of B. bassiana using different substrates was attempted to harvest ample amount of spores. This study revealed that spore production was directly proportional to the mycelial weight and incubation period. From the seven substrates tested, wheat flour was identified as one of the suitable substrates for the mass production of B. bassiana. A field trial was conducted to test their efficacy under field conditions. 72-93% mortality was observed in field conditions.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Division of Bioprospecting, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore-641002, Tamilnadu, India*Corresponding author, Email: [email protected] This Article As: N. Senthilkumar and S. Murugesan. 2010. Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Management of Calopepla leayana on Gmelina arborea. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(3): 01-0
Mono and trivalent thallium-sulfur interactions and their influence on the formation of nano thallium sulphide: Single crystal X-ray structural and spectral studies on thallium(I)/(III)-cyclohexylpiperazine dithiocarbamates
No full textThallium(i) and thallium(iii)-cyclohexylpiperazine dithiocarbamates have been prepared with the same donor environment for the first time and analyzed by electronic, IR, 1H, 13C NMR spectral, CV and single crystal X-ray structural analyses. Solvothermal decomposition of the dithiocarbamates yielded nano Tl4S3 and were characterized. Bond parameters from single crystal X-ray structures have been used in continuous symmetry measure and bond valence sum analysis of the compounds to establish the octahedral geometry and formal oxidation numbers of thallium. [Tl(chpzdtc)]2 (1) shows extensive non covalent interactions and the hemidirected TlS2CSTl core is of distorted square pyramidal geometry with the stereo chemically active lone pair of thallium(I) occupying a vertex of the square pyramid. This is the first report which identifies the 4f7/2 and 4f5/2 electron binding energies of Tl(i) and Tl(III) dithiocarbamates unambiguously and the effect of Tl⋯action on XPS binding energies. [Tl(chpzdtc)3] (2), the trivalent analogue as a contrast is a typical holodirected TlS6 distorted octahedral core with no significant supramolecular interactions. Mean Tl-S bond distances in 1 and 2 are 2.985(7) and 2.6789(19) Å, respectively, which clearly support the higher ease of solvothermal decomposition of 1 to nano Tl4S3 than 2. A strong correlation exists between the bond strengths of Tl-S, the thioureide C-N and the ease of formation of Tl4S3 from the two dithiocarbamates 1 and 2
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