47,261 research outputs found
Chan An Ancient Maya Farming Community
No full textThe farming community of Chan thrived for over twenty centuries, surpassing the longevity of many larger Maya urban centers. Between 800 BC and 1200 AD it was a major food production center, and this collection of essays reveals the important role played by Maya farmers in the development of ancient Maya society. Chan offers a synthesis of compelling and groundbreaking discoveries gathered over ten years of research at this one archaeological site in Belize. The contributors develop three central themes, which structure the book. They examine how sustainable farming practices maintained the surrounding forest, allowing the community to exist for two millennia. They trace the origins of elite Maya state religion to the complex religious belief system developed in small communities such as Chan. Finally, they describe how the group-focused political strategies employed by local leaders differed from the highly hierarchical strategies of the Classic Maya kings in their large cities. In breadth, methodology, and findings, this volume scales new heights in the study of Maya society and culture.Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introducing the Chan Site: Farmers in Complex Societies -- Part 1. Time, Space, and Landscapes -- 2. A Changing Cultural Landscape: Settlement Survey and GIS at Chan -- 3. Ceramics and Chronology at Chan -- 4. Agricultural Practices at Chan: Farming and Political Economy in an Ancient Maya Community -- 5. Agroforestry and Agricultural Production of the Ancient Maya at Chan -- Part 2. Life in a Farming Community Center -- 6. Ritual in a Farming Community -- 7. Nonroyal Governance at Chan's Community Center -- 8. "Empty" Spaces and Public Places: A Microscopic View of Chan's Late Classic West Plaza -- Part 3. Diversity across the Chan Community -- 9. Recognizing Difference in Small-Scale Settings: An Examination of Social Identity Formation at the Northeast Group, Chan -- 10. Organization of Chert Tool Economy during the Late and Terminal Classic Periods at Chan: Preliminary Thoughts Based upon Debitage Analyses -- 11. Limestone Quarrying and Household Organization at Chan -- Part 4. Bodies, Material Culture, and Meaning -- 12. The Chan Community: A Bioarchaeological Perspective -- 13. Creating Community with Shell -- 14. Obsidian Acquisition, Trade, and Regional Interaction at Chan -- 15. Contextualizing Ritual Behavior: Caches, Burials, and Problematical Deposits from Chan's Community Center -- Part 5. Conclusion -- 16. Learning from an Ancient Maya Farming Community -- References -- List of Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- X -- YThe farming community of Chan thrived for over twenty centuries, surpassing the longevity of many larger Maya urban centers. Between 800 BC and 1200 AD it was a major food production center, and this collection of essays reveals the important role played by Maya farmers in the development of ancient Maya society. Chan offers a synthesis of compelling and groundbreaking discoveries gathered over ten years of research at this one archaeological site in Belize. The contributors develop three central themes, which structure the book. They examine how sustainable farming practices maintained the surrounding forest, allowing the community to exist for two millennia. They trace the origins of elite Maya state religion to the complex religious belief system developed in small communities such as Chan. Finally, they describe how the group-focused political strategies employed by local leaders differed from the highly hierarchical strategies of the Classic Maya kings in their large cities. In breadth, methodology, and findings, this volume scales new heights in the study of Maya society and culture.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Vickers-Chan-7thGraders_Multiplex_Social .zip
No full textThe dataset representing the multiplex social network in a school in Victoria, Australia.
If you use this dataset in your work either for analysis or for visualization, you should acknowledge/cite the following papers:
Representing Classroom Social Structure. Melbourne: Victoria Institute of Secondary Education
M. Vickers and S. Chan, (1981)
The data were collected by Vickers from 29 seventh grade students in a school in Victoria, Australia. Students were asked to nominate their classmates on a number of relations including the following three (layers):
1. Who do you get on with in the class?
2. Who are your best friends in the class?
3. Who would you prefer to work with?
Students 1 through 12 are boys and 13 through 29 are girls.
There are 29 nodes in total, labelled with integer ID between 1 and 29, with 740 connections.
The multiplex is directed and unweighted, stored as edges list in the file
Vickers-Chan-7thGraders_multiplex.edges
with format
layerID nodeID nodeID weight
(Note: all weights are set to 1)
The IDs of all layers are stored in
Vickers-Chan-7thGraders_layers.txt
</p
Bauer Robert S. and Paul K. Benedict : Modem Cantonese phonology
No full textChan Marjorie K. M. Bauer Robert S. and Paul K. Benedict : Modem Cantonese phonology. In: Cahiers de linguistique - Asie orientale, vol. 28 1, 1999. pp. 101-112
Bauer Robert S. and Paul K. Benedict : Modem Cantonese phonology
No full textChan Marjorie K. M. Bauer Robert S. and Paul K. Benedict : Modem Cantonese phonology. In: Cahiers de linguistique - Asie orientale, vol. 28 1, 1999. pp. 101-112
Project Soothe: Images nos. 1 to 656
No full text# Overview #
This dataset includes 621 images donated to Project Soothe by volunteers through the Project Soothe website, numbered #1 to #656 except for a small number which were excluded for the reasons listed in the file "Note_images_removed_and_privacy.txt". For a more detailed overview of the research please see "Wilson, A; Schwannauer, M; McLaughlin, A; Ashworth, F; Chan, S. 2017, 'Vividness of positive mental imagery predicts positive emotional response to visually-presented Project Soothe pictures' British Journal of Psychology, pp. 1-18. DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12267".
# Feedback # The Project Soothe team would love to hear any ideas, suggestions, plans for (or outcomes from) use of these images for therapeutic applications and/or further research. Please contact the team via http://www.projectsoothe.com/contact or [email protected] .
# Permissions # Use of these images for purposes *other* than research or therapy is *not* permitted. For further details please see the Rights field.All but four of the original images were in JPEG format (.JPG) while four were in PNG format. These are contained in one zip file "validated_images_original_JPEGs_PNGs.zip". Additionally, copies in JPEG-2000 have been added for long-term accessibility and sustainability. These are contained in the second zip file "validated_images_JPEG-2000s.zip"; these may be viewed using software such as GIMP, an open-source image editing package, or Adobe Acrobat
Chelséa B. Johnson, Evan Quah, S. H., Shahrul Anuar, M. A. Muin, Perry L. Wood, Jr., Jesse L Grismer, Lee F. Greer, Chan Kin Onn, Norhayati Ahmad, Aaron M. Bauer & L. Lee Grismer (2012) Phylogeography, geographic variation, and taxonomy of the Bent-toed Gecko Cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus Taylor, 1962 from Peninsular Malaysia with the description of a new swamp dwelling
No full textJOHNSON, CHELSEÁ B., QUAH, EVAN, H., S., ANUAR, SHAHRUL, MUIN, M. A., WOOD, PERRY L., GRISMER, JESSE JR. L., GREER, LEE F., ONN, CHAN KIN, AHMAD, NORHAYATI, BAUER, AARON M., GRISMER, L. LEE (2013): Chelséa B. Johnson, Evan Quah, S. H., Shahrul Anuar, M. A. Muin, Perry L. Wood, Jr., Jesse L Grismer, Lee F. Greer, Chan Kin Onn, Norhayati Ahmad, Aaron M. Bauer & L. Lee Grismer (2012) Phylogeography, geographic variation, and taxonomy of the Bent-toed Gecko Cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus Taylor, 1962 from Peninsular Malaysia with the description of a new swamp dwelling. Zootaxa 3620 (3): 500, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3620.3.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3620.3.1
Differences in Radiative Forcing, Not Sensitivity, Explain Differences in Summertime Land Temperature Variance Change Between CMIP5 and CMIP6
No full text© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Chan, D., Rigden, A., Proctor, J., Chan, P. W., & Huybers, P. Differences in radiative forcing, not sensitivity, explain differences in summertime land temperature variance change between CMIP5 and CMIP6. Earth’s Future, 10(2), (2022): e2021EF002402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002402.How summertime temperature variability will change with warming has important implications for climate adaptation and mitigation. CMIP5 simulations indicate a compound risk of extreme hot temperatures in western Europe from both warming and increasing temperature variance. CMIP6 simulations, however, indicate only a moderate increase in temperature variance that does not covary with warming. To explore this intergenerational discrepancy in CMIP results, we decompose changes in monthly temperature variance into those arising from changes in sensitivity to forcing and changes in forcing variance. Across models, sensitivity increases with local warming in both CMIP5 and CMIP6 at an average rate of 5.7 ([3.7, 7.9]; 95% c.i.) × 10−3°C per W m−2 per °C warming. We use a simple model of moist surface energetics to explain increased sensitivity as a consequence of greater atmospheric demand (∼70%) and drier soil (∼40%) that is partially offset by the Planck feedback (∼−10%). Conversely, forcing variance is stable in CMIP5 but decreases with warming in CMIP6 at an average rate of −21 ([−28, −15]; 95% c.i.) W2 m−4 per °C warming. We examine scaling relationships with mean cloud fraction and find that mean forcing variance decreases with decreasing cloud fraction at twice the rate in CMIP6 than CMIP5. The stability of CMIP6 temperature variance is, thus, a consequence of offsetting changes in sensitivity and forcing variance. Further work to determine which models and generations of CMIP simulations better represent changes in cloud radiative forcing is important for assessing risks associated with increased temperature variance.This study was supported by the Harvard Global Institute and NSF (Award 1903657). D. Chan was also supported by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Weston Howland Jr. Postdoctoral Fellowship
Large Eddy Simulation of the aerodynamic role of trees on airflow and pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons
No full textThis work analyses the aerodynamic effects of avenue-like tree planting on the flow field and dispersion of pollutants in urban street canyons by means of large eddy simulations (LES) coupled with the Dynamics Smagorinsky-Lilly Subgrid scale model and the advection-diffusion module for concentration prediction using the commercial CFD software FLUENT. Flow and concentration levels are compared between an empty (i.e. tree-free) street canyon and one containing avenue-like tree planting with two porosities of λ = 80 m-1 and λ = 200 m-1. In the presence of trees, considerably larger pollutant concentrations near the leeward wall and slightly lower concentrations near the windward wall are observed in comparison to the tree-free case. The difference in porosities did not play a significant role. Simulation results obtained by LES are agreeable to wind tunnel (WT) measurements due to the resolution of the internally induced fluctuations
The M, E, and N structural proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus are required for efficient assembly, trafficking, and release of virus-like particles
No full textCopyright @ 2008 American Society for Microbiology.The production of virus-like particles (VLPs) constitutes a relevant and safe model to study molecular determinants of virion egress. The minimal requirement for the assembly of VLPs for the coronavirus responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans (SARS-CoV) is still controversial. Recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV VLP formation depends on either M and E proteins or M and N proteins. Here we show that both E and N proteins must be coexpressed with M protein for the efficient production and release of VLPs by transfected Vero E6 cells. This suggests that the mechanism of SARS-CoV assembly differs from that of other studied coronaviruses, which only require M and E proteins for VLP formation. When coexpressed, the native envelope trimeric S glycoprotein is incorporated onto VLPs. Interestingly, when a fluorescent protein tag is added to the C-terminal end of N or S protein, but not M protein, the chimeric viral proteins can be assembled within VLPs and allow visualization of VLP production and trafficking in living cells by state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Fluorescent VLPs will be used further to investigate the role of cellular machineries during SARS-CoV egress.The University of Hong Kong and the French Ministry of Health
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