49 research outputs found
Administration in medieval India: Bayram Khan s effect on Akbar Shah
No full textOrta Ça Hindistan Türklerin Gaznelilerden sonra burada hükümet kurduklar ve devlet te kilatlar n oturttuklar devirlere denk gelmektedir. Bu dönemlerde Babür ah taraf ndan temelleri at lan ve Hindistan tarihinde etkili Türkidaresinin ba lamas nda bir dönüm noktas olan Babürlüler devri kayda de er bir dönemdir. Türk devlet te kilat ve kültürünün Hindistan da temsilcisi olan Babürler idaresi, Babür ah n ard ndan Hümâyûn ve Ekber ahlartaraf ndan idare edilmeye ba lanm ve bölge yönetimleri ile ran siyasi idaresi aras nda bir denge unsuruolmu lard r. Bayram Han ise Türk devlet gelene i do rultusunda ülke içinde temelden yeti mi bir devlet adam olarak Hümâyûn ah döneminden itibaren etkili konumda bulunmu ve Ekber ah hanedanl nda bürokratikgücün zirvesine oturmu tur. Onun bu yükseli i ve ülke politikas na yön veren tutumu 1556 ile 1560 y llar aras ndaya anm ve Ekber ah n onun gölgesinde kald n ileri süren baz kimselerin faaliyetleri neticesinde BayramHan, Ekber ah taraf ndan görevinden al nm t r. te bu çal mam z Babürlüler devrinde hem önemli bir devletadam hem de çok yönlü bir ayd n olan Bayram Han n yükseli i ve hanedanl k nezdindeki etkisi ile görevdenuzakla t r larak itibars zla t r lmas n ana hatlar yla incelemeyi ön görmü tür. Bu ba lamda çal mada aç klama,kar la t rma yöntemlerinden yararlan lm t r.Medieval India corresponds to eras when Turks formed government here after Ghaznavids and placed their stateorganizations. During these periods, Baburid period is a considerable period that was founded by Babur Shah andwas a milestone in beginning effective Turkish administration in Indian history. Baburid administration, which isrepresentative of Turkish state organization and culture in India, was begun to be administered by Humayun andAkbar Shahs following Babur Shah, and it became a equilibrium element between regional administrations andPersian political administration. Bayram Khan, as a statesman who came up through the ranks within the countryin line with Turkish state tradition, taken part in an effective position as from Humayun Shah period and reachedthe peak of bureaucratic power during Akbar Shah dynasty. His this rising and attitude which directed the countrypolicy were experienced the years through 1556 and 1560, and he was suspended from the administration by AkbarShah in consequence of activities by some persons who claimed that Akbar Shah was in Bayram Khan s shadow.Here our this study proposed in broke strokes to examine Bayram Khan s rising and his discredit by suspendingfrom the duty with his effect in the presence of the dynasty, who was both a statesman and an all-rounder manduring Baburid state period. In this context, we benefited from methods of explanation and comparison in thestudy
Mechanical ventilation in acute brain injury patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
No full textAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is commonly seen in patients with acute brain injury (ABI), with prevalence being as high as 35%. These patients often have additional risk factors for ARDS compared to general critical care patients. Lung injury in ABI occurs secondary to catecholamine surge and neuro-inflammatory processes. ARDS patients benefit from lung protective ventilation using low tidal volumes, permissive hypercapnia, high PEEP, and lower PO2 goals. These strategies can often be detrimental in ABI given the risk of brain hypoxia and elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP). While lung protective ventilation is not contraindicated in ABI, special consideration is warranted to make sure it does not interfere with neurological recovery. Permissive hypercapnia with low lung volumes can be utilized in patients without any ICP issues but those with ICP elevations can benefit from continuous ICP monitoring to personalize PCO2 goals. Hypoxia leads to poor outcomes in ABI, hence the ARDSnet protocol of lower PO2 target (55–80 mmHg) might not be the best practice in patients with concomitant ARDS and ABI. High-normal PO2 levels are reasonable in target in severe ABI with ARDS. Studies have shown that PEEP up to 12 mmHg does not cause significant elevations in ICP and is safe to use in ABI though mean arterial pressure, respiratory system compliance, and cerebral perfusion pressure should be closely monitored. Given most trials investigating therapeutics in ARDS have excluded ABI patients, focused research is needed in the field to advance the care of these patients using evidence-based medicine
The works of the medieval poet Shah Barid Khan : An analytical study/ মধ্যযুগের কবি শাহবারিদ খানের সৃষ্টিকর্ম : বিশ্লেষণী অধ্যয়ন
No full textThe 16th century poet Shah Barid Khan is the author of three poems, ‘Vidyasundar’, Rasul Bijoy\u27 and ‘Hanifar Digbijay’. The poem ‘Vidyasundar’ is full of dramatic qualities, and the dialogues of the characters are dramatic. The poet also mentioned it as \u27Natgiti\u27 in his poem. Natgiti were also important in medieval social life from the point of view of women\u27s education. His second poetry is the story of war, the poem ‘Rasul Bijoy’, for the purpose of spreading Islam. Although the background of the poem is foreign, it has domestic social and cultural environment also. In the poem ‘Rasul Bijoy’, hidusism is expressed and it says poet’s non-communal thinking. In the poem, the eternal patriarchy is shown in the character of Raja Jayakum. In the poem, we see female character Jaygun, who is immersed in weapons of war. Poet also expressed romantic character through fairy in his poem. The poet used rhythm, simile, ornamentation in his poem to enhance his writing
A critical analysis of the Novel: Gunah-E-Muqaddas
No full textGunah-e-Muqaddas is story of a family which lived during the reign of the Shah in Tehran and it rotates around a woman who is a mother. There are several characters in this novel, but it mosty expresses the second son of the family, Manuchehr. Besides his parents, Nazy and Humayun are important characters of the novel. This novel represents the Political and social situation in Iran during the Pahlavi, which deteriorated so much wind, and disorder everywhere. Hussain Quli Mastan unfavorable situation in the country is reflected in the novel.
In this article the characterization, tone, dialogue, idioms and allusions and other elements characteristic style Rashness has been examined
برصغیر میں بابر و ہمایوں کاعہد حکومت (1526۔1540): ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ
No full textBabar is prominent among all the Mughal kings because he is the founder of the Mughal Empire in the subcontinent. He was a man of many high qualities. He was author of a book; his Tazak Babri is a wonderful book. It is not rhetoric, but a description of what has been observed. In addition to Tuzak Babri, he invented the Babri script and wrote several copies of the Qur'an in this style and sent them to Mecca. A study of the Babri period shows that he promoted the principle of tolerance and religious He did not kill anyone on the basis of differences. He behaved sympathetically despite winning wars. Humayun was knowledgeable and gentle. He was known for his cheerfulness, gentleness and social interaction. Although Humayun was a brave man but he could not control the army like Babar. In the same way, his brothers quarreled with him and put obstacles in his way. All these reasons led to his failure against Sher Shah Suri. Humayun had a special interest in morphology and mathematics. He himself was a poet and He was also an appreciator of poets. This article is an analytical study of the Babar and Humayun eras
Sustainability and Paradigms of Mughal Architecture in Old Delhi 1526 – 1707
No full textThe thesis seeks to analyze the Mughal Architecture in Old Delhi from 1526 till 1707. Starting with a brief description about the history of India, it allows the reader to acknowledge the motifs of the Mughal sultanate and how it was established. The writing advances to introduce the six main Mughal emperors in Delhi such as Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb respectively. The six emperors not only passed on their architectural knowledge, but also built famous palaces in parts of Delhi that we, in today’s day call Old Delhi. Some of these palaces will be analyzed from a sustainable standpoint to understand how the architecture tackled the extreme climate conditions of the region. Through this categorical breakdown of the Mughal Architecture, the thesis aims towards understand and inspiring the use of vernacular architectural sustainability and its positive effects created by its utilization.AR2A011Architecture, Urbanism and Building Science
Representations of migrant and nation in selected works of Rohinton Mistry and Salman Rushdie
No full textThis thesis explores the representations of, and the relationship between. the migrant and the nation in selected works of the Bombay-born novelists Rohinton Mistry and Salman Rushdie. I explore each writer's engagement with contemporary debates surrounding the material, political, social and imaginative consequences of the crisis in secularism in India during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, and consider how this engagement is informed by their
migrant positions beyond India's borders. A primary concern is the way in which Mistry's and Rushdie's representations of the nation, and of migrant and diasporic subjects, intersects with the representation of Bombay in their work.
This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first two chapters concentrate on Mistry's fiction, the remaining three on Rushdie's work. Published between 1988 and 2002, the central novels examined are situated within debates regarding the founding principles of the Indian nation, and notions of Indianness, the rise of communalism in general and Hindu nationalism in particular, and the renaming of Bombay as Mumbai. My readings foreground the necessity of a
close understanding of the historical and political transformations taking place within Bombay and India during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, but also during the 1950s and 1960s. I argue that Mistry's and Rushdie's work is informed by a deepening anxiety over these socio-political transformations, and over how reconfigurations of Indianness increasingly position minority communities, and migrant and diasporic subjects, outside of definitions of national identity.
This anxiety extends into the negotiation of their own migrant positions. My reading of the differing representations of the migrant in Mistry's and Rushdie's work engages with ideas of accountability, political responsibility, and with notions of cosmopolitanism. In doing so, I question familiar assumptions regarding the migrant condition as one of predominantly empowering political agency. I argue that, while both authors emphasise the importance of the migrant sustaining a critical engagement with India's politics, they also foreground the anxious difficulties of doing so. This difficulty informs Mistry's and Rushdie's divergent negotiation of their own position as migrant writers, and I examine how their fiction is marked by an anxiety over the adequacy of writing as a mode of political engagement with the crisis in secularism and the parochialisation of Bombay, and as a means of negotiating the politics of migrancy
This Is an Abridged Account of Delhi Which Is an Old City and One of the Chosen Ones amongst the Cities
No full textThe second part of the translation has three segments. The first is dedicated to the history of Delhi from the time of the Mahabharat to the periods of Anangpal Tomar to the Mughal Emperor Humayun as also Sher Shah, the Afghan ruler. In the second and third segments Mirza Sangin Beg adroitly navigates between twin centres of power in the city. He writes about Qila Mubarak, or the Red Fort, and gives an account of the several buildings inside it and the cost of construction of the same. He ambles into the precincts and mentions the buildings constructed by Shahjahan and other rulers, associating them with some specific inmates of the fort and the functions performed within them. When the author takes a walk in the city of Shahjahanabad, he writes of numerous residents, habitations of rich, poor, and ordinary people, their mansions and localities, general and specialized bazars, the in different skills practised areas, places of worship and revelry, processions exemplifying popular culture and local traditions, and institutions that had a resonance in other cultures. The Berlin manuscript gives generous details of the officials of the English East India Company, both native and foreign, their professions, and work spaces. Mirza Sangin Beg addresses the issue of qaum most unselfconsciously and amorphously.</p
Household-level Recovery after Floods in a Developing Country: Further Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
No full textBased on a second survey of villages and households one year after a pilot survey, we analyze the household-level recovery process from damage due to floods in Pakistan in 2010. With regard to initial recovery from flood damage, we find that households who had initially fewer assets and were hit by greater flood damage had more difficulty in recovering. After one year, the overall recovery had improved, but there remained substantial variation across households regarding the extent of recovery. Initially rich households were associated with faster recovery than other households at the time of the second survey, but the speed of recovery declined during the most recent year. The overall pattern appears to indicate that the village economy was turning towards the initial regime, where the income distribution was characterized by a large mass of households whose welfare and asset levels were around the income poverty line and a small middle class of households whose asset levels were sufficiently high to ensure a welfare level above the poverty line.基盤研究(S) = Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S
