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Simulium (Chirostilbia) jefersoni Hamada & Hernandez & Luz & Pepinelli 2006, New Species
No full textSimulium (Chirostilbia) jefersoni Hamada, Hernández, Luz & Pepinelli New Species (Figs. 1–45) Female (Figs. 1–17). General body color dark brown to black (specimens recovered from alcohol) (Figs. 1–4). Body length (specimens in alcohol) 2.6 –3.0 mm (n = 3); thorax lateral length 0.9 mm (n = 3). Wing length 1.3–1.8 mm (n = 3); wing width 0.7–0.8 mm (n = 3). Head dichoptic with dark red eyes and frontoocular triangle well developed (Fig. 8). Frons, clypeus, and occiput black, with silver pruinosity; clypeus and frons covered with dark, erect setae. Antennae with silver pubescence, 0.40–0.44 mm in length; scape and pedicel pale brown, remaining segments dark brown (Fig. 6). Maxillary palpus dark brown; sensory vesicle elongated occupying more than 1 / 3 length of palpomere III; palpomere V twice length of palpomere III and IV (Fig. 5). Mandible with 12 external serrations and 34–38 internal teeth. Lacinia with 25 or 26 retrorse teeth. Cibarium with welldeveloped, sclerotized cornuae, without teeth (Fig. 7). Thorax with scutum black covered by evenly arranged, recumbent, whitish setae; posterior margin with short, recumbent, whitish setae. Scutal pattern varying with illumination. With anterior illumination, thorax black with 1 + 1 median and 1 + 1 sublateral, silver pruinose vittae extending from anterior to posterior margin of thorax and black lyreshaped pattern; humeri pale brown with faint gray pruinosity; lateral and posterior margins black (Fig. 1). With posterior illumination, lyreshaped pattern silver pruinose on black scutum; humeri weakly pale brown and lateral margins weakly silver pruinose; posterior margin black (Fig. 2). Anepisternum dark brown; katepisternum light brown. Scutellum dark brown with recumbent whitish setae interspersed with long, black bristles. Postnotum dark brown with silver pruinosity. Pleura dark brown with silver pruinosity. Costa of wing with sparse distribution of spines and setae. Subcosta with line of few setae up to half length of vein (Fig. 9). Radius with line of setae intermixed with spines apically; basal section bare. Basal tuft of long, dark setae (Fig. 9). Leg coloration and proportions as in Figs. 10–12. Fore leg with coxa, trochanter, femur, and tibiae yellow; apex of tibia weakly pale brown; basitarsus and tarsomeres I–IV dark brown (Fig. 10). Middle leg pale yellow except apical twothirds of basitarsus and tarsomeres I–IV dark brown to black and onethird of basitarsus whitish (Fig. 11). Hind leg with coxa, apex of femur, half of tibiae, apical onethird of basitarsus, and tarsomeres I–IV dark brown, remainder of hind leg pale yellow (Fig. 12). Claws curved with basal tooth (Fig. 13). Halteres cream with brown base. Abdomen with tergites I–IX dark brown to black (Figs. 3, 4); tergite II silver pruinose on anterolateral margins. Basal fringe with thin, long, golden hairs. Tergal plates developed; sternal plates undeveloped. Sternites grayish black; genitalia dark brown. Eighth sternite weakly sclerotized with irregularly distributed setae on posterior margin; hypogynial valves (= gonapophyses) nearly same length as eighth sternite at its midpoint, subtriangular, membranous except weakly sclerotized on internal margins (Fig. 14). Cercus subquadrangular, covered with long, brown setae; anal lobe (= paraproct) subtriangular, nearly one and onehalf times longer than cercus, sclerotized and covered by long setae basally and small hairs on distal region of posterior margin (Fig. 15). Genital fork stout, sclerotized with apical termination of stem expanded; termination of lateral arm almost straight; anterior process developed, rounded apically; posterior processes poorly developed (Fig. 16). Spermatheca globular, with internal spicules in groups of 2–4 (Fig. 17); spermathecal duct and area of attachment unpigmented. Male (Figs. 18–28). General body color dark brown (specimen recovered from alcohol) (Figs. 18, 19, 23, 24). Body length (specimens in alcohol) 2.2 –3.0 mm (n = 3); thorax lateral length 0.72–0.78 mm (n = 3). Wing length 1.6–2.5 mm (n = 3); wing width 0.9 mm (n = 3). Head holoptic with dark red eyes. Antenna with whitish pubescense, 0.50 mm in length; scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere light brown, remaining flagellomeres dark brown (Fig. 20). Palpus dark brown, sensory vesicle small, occupying less than 1 / 5 of palpomere III; palpomere V about 1.6 times as long as palpomeres III and IV (Fig. 21). Thorax with scutum black covered with recumbent golden hairs. Scutal pattern varies slightly with light incidence: with anterior light source thorax black with 1 + 1 submedian, silver pruinose cunae on anterior onethird (Fig. 18). With light source posterior to specimen, thorax black (Fig. 19). Humeri pale brown; lateral and posterior margins of scutum pruinose [best seen when specimen viewed laterally]. Scutellum dark brown with recumbent whitish hairs interspersed with long, erect black hairs on posterior margin. Postnotum dark brown to black with silvery gray pruinosity. Anepisternum and katepisternum dark brown. Wing setation and leg coloration as in female, except claws without basal tooth (Fig. 22). Abdomen (Figs. 23, 24) with tergite I black with posterior margin silver pruinose; basal fringe with long, thin, golden hairs; tergite II black in median region and pale brown laterally; tergites III–IV black; tergites V–IX black mesally and grayish in lateral margins; tergites II (anteriorly), IV–VII with silver pruinosity on ventrolateral margin; in some specimens, silver pruinosity also on tergites VIII and IX [best seen on specimens in lateral view]. Sternal plates undeveloped. Genitalia black; gonocoxite subquadrangular (Fig. 28); gonostyle conical (fingerlike) (Fig. 28), nearly as long as gonocoxite at midpoint, with ridge in median region and 2 spiniform setae apically [visible only at high magnification]; gonocoxite and gonostyle covered with long setae. Ventral plate sclerotized, with ventral margin almost straight, without keel and covered by small hairs; basal arms short and deeply sclerotized (Fig. 27). Median sclerite Y shaped with distinct incision in apical onethird (Fig. 26). Paramere with developed and sclerotized basal process and numerous stout teeth centrally (Fig. 25). Pupa (Figs. 29–38). Cocoon length dorsally 2.8–3.8 mm (mean = 3.2 mm, SD = 0.28, n = 10), ventrally 3.8–5.4 mm (mean = 4.5 mm, SD = 0.39, n = 10); pupa length 2.6–3.9 mm (mean = 3.1 mm; SD = 0.43, n = 10); gill length 1.5–2.5 mm (mean = 1.9 mm, SD = 0.38, n = 8). Cocoon shoe shaped, dark brown composed of thick coalesced fibres posteriorly and distinct, looplike fenestrations anteriorly (Figs. 29, 30). Frontoclypeus with 3 + 3 long, multiramous frontal and 1 + 1 long, multiramous, dorsal trichomes (Fig. 34); frontoclypeus with distinct groups of platelets mesally, 1 + 1 dorsolaterally and 2 or 3 platelets in 2 groups laterally in frontal region, respectively (Fig. 33); tubercles rounded, densely distributed (Fig. 36) over entire frontal and dorsal region. Thorax with 5 pairs of long, multiramous (Fig. 32) trichomes near margin of dorsal cleft, 2 + 2 multiramous and 1 simple trichomes at gill base, one small, bifid or simple trichome on ventral margin, and 1 bifid or trifid trichome in median region of thorax; tubercles rounded, densely distributed over entire surface. Antennal sheath with transversal punctuations (Fig. 35). Gill filaments pale yellowish with 8 forwardly directed filaments, arranged in 3 dimensions, curving at midpoint and directed inward apically. Gill configuration with main trunk short, giving rise to 3 sets of primary branches, dorsal and ventral (internal) primary branches each consisting of 3 secondary branches; external set consists of 2 secondary branches; all filaments bifurcate at different heights near base of gill. Filaments stout basally and becoming narrower toward apex, rounded distally, without spicules on surface; edges weakly crenate. All gill filaments approximately same length (Fig. 31). Abdominal tergite I (Figs. 37 a–e) with 1 + 1 submedian, simple trichomes. Tergite II with 4 + 4 submedian, spiniform setae in longitudinal row, 2 + 2 small, simple trichomes anterior to most external spiniform setae and 1 + 1 simple trichome on lateral margin (Fig. 37 a). Tergites III and IV with 4 + 4 submedian, simple hooks in longitudinal row (Figs. 37 b, 37 c), 1 + 1 small, simple trichomes anterior to most lateral hooks, and 1 + 1 small, simple trichomes on lateral margin. Tergite V with 1 + 1 sublateral, small, simple trichomes, and 1 + 1 small, simple trichomes on anterior margin; tergite VI with 1 + 1 submedian and 1 + 1 sublateral, small trichomes. Tergite VII with 1 + 1 submedian and 1 + 1 sublateral, small, simple trichomes. Tergite VIII with 1 + 1 submedian, simple or bifid, and 1 + 1 sublateral, simple trichomes, and spine combs distinctly resembling teeth on anterior margin (Fig. 37 e). Tergite IX weakly sclerotized, with 1 + 1 small spines. Spine combs on anterior margin of tergites II, VI–IX (Fig. 37 d). Abdominal sternite III (Figs. 38 a–d) with 1 + 1 submedian and 2 + 2 sublateral, small, simple trichomes; sternite IV with 1 + 1 submedian and 2 + 2 sublateral, small, simple trichomes; sternite V with 2 + 2 close, bifid or trifid hooks in row and 2 + 2 simple trichomes anterior to most lateral hooks (Fig. 38 b); sternites VI and VII with 2 + 2 well separated, simple, bifid or trifid hooks (Figs. 38 c, 38 d), sternite VII with 1 + 1 simple trichomes on lateral margin; sternite VIII without hooks; sternite IX weakly sclerotized. Abdominal sternites III–IX with spine combs on anteromedian margin (Fig. 38 a). Larva (last instar) (Figs. 39–45). Body length: 5.8–6.6 mm (mean = 6.2 mm, SD = 0.2, n = 10); head capsule lateral length: 0.6–0.8 mm (mean = 0.7 mm, SD = 0.06, n = 10); dorsal width of head capsule: 0.5–0.7 mm (mean = 0.6 mm, SD = 0.05, n = 10). General body coloration pale gray (in Carnoy’s solution); form as in Fig. 39. Head mainly pale brown, numerous small setae present on all surfaces and head capsule slightly wrinkled. Head pattern positive (Fig. 43). Cervical sclerites small, elliptical, free in membrane. Postgenal cleft subtriangular, wider basally (Figs. 41, 44). Postgenal bridge 0.7 times as long as hypostoma (Fig. 41). Hypostoma with strongly pigmented anterior margin and 9 apical teeth (Fig. 40): median tooth simple and more prominent than sublateral teeth, 3 + 3 rows of sublateral teeth, middle tooth smaller than remaining teeth, 1 + 1 lateral teeth nearly same height as median tooth, 2 poorly developed paralateral teeth, and 3 small lateral serrations; hypostoma with 1 + 1 line of 6 or 7 lateral setae parallel to lateral margin and 1 + 1 long and 1 + 1 or 2 + 2 short setae in posterior region of hypostoma near hypostomal groove. Subesophageal ganglion not pigmented. Antennae (Fig. 42) as long as labral fan stalk; antennal segments brown, except whitish apical onethird of median and basal region of distal segment; segments proportions (proximal, medial and distal) approximately 0.7–0.9: 0.4–0.6: 1.2–1.3 (n = 3). Mandible with 3 apical teeth, basal tooth more prominent than remaining teeth, second comblike teeth with first tooth longer than second and third, mandible with 9 internal teeth, and mandibular serration with anterior teeth longer than posterior; mandibular brushes well developed; mandible with small, simple setae near external margin and 2 prominent, simple trichomes at base of apical mandibular brush. Lateral mandibular process simple and thick. Maxillary palp heavily pigmented, nearly 3 times as long as wide at base. Cephalic fan with 43–47 rays. Thorax pale dorsally and grey ventrally. Proleg with plate heavily sclerotized with band of more than 40 processes of nearly 13 hooks (n = 1). Pupal gill histoblast dark brown with 8 filaments. Abdomen usually completely gray dorsally, progressively paler ventrally, last segments white; faint segmental banding visible dorsally (Fig. 39). Cuticle mainly lacking setae. Ventral nerve cord pale gray. Ventral posterior tubercles absent. Anterodorsal arms of anal sclerite shorter in length than posteroventral arms (Fig. 45). Posterior proleg bearing approximately 100 rows of up to 13 or 14 hooks (n = 2). Anal papillae with 3 branches, each with approximately 7 or 8 fingershaped lobes of same length (n = 1). Type Material Holotype (INPA): Brazil, Bahia State, Palmeiras County. Parque Nacional Chapada Diamantina: Cachoeira da Fumaça stream (# 32), 12 o 36 ’S 41 o 27 ’W, 31.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli and V.L. Landeiro) female (pinned), with pupal exuviae in glycerine. Paratypes: Brazil, Bahia State, Palmeiras County. Parque Nacional Chapada Diamantina: Cachoeira da Fumaça stream (# 32), 12 o 36 ’S 41 o 27 ’W, 31.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli & V.L. Landeiro) 2 pupae (P), 2 larvae (L) in ethanol, 1 male (M) pinned, with pupal exuviae in glycerine (INPA); small tributary of Mucujezinho stream (# 26), 12 o 28 ’S 41 o 27 ’W, 07.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 2 P, 2 L in ethanol (INPA); Galinha stream (# 29), Bomba village (Vale do Capão), Gerais do Vieira, 12 o 40 ’S 41 o 29 ’W, 08.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 3 L in ethanol (INPA); Batista River (# 30), Pousada do Capão, 12 o 37 ’S 41 o 29 ’W, 08.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 2 L in ethanol (INPA); Sobradinho stream (# 34), LençóisCapão trail, Gerais do Morrão, 12 o 32 ’S 41 o 28 ’W, 10.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 1 L, 1 P in ethanol, 1 F pinned with pupal exuviae in glycerine (INPA); Águas Claras stream, Gerais do Morrão, LençóisCapão trail, 12 o 31 ’S 41 o 28 ’W, 10.vii. 2003 (# 35) (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 1 L, 2 P in ethanol (INPA), 26.vii. 2005 (# 14) (N. Hamada & M. Pepinelli) 2 P ethanol (INPA); Morrão stream (# 13), Morrão trail, 12 o 31 ’S 41 o 28 ’W, 26.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada & M. Pepinelli) 1 L, 2 P in ethanol (INPA); headwater of Conceição dos Gatos stream (# 15), Morrão trail, 12 o 32 ’S 41 o 28 ’W, 26.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada & M. Pepinelli) 1 P in ethanol (INPA); Mucujezinho stream (# 17), 12 o 28 ’S 41 o 27 ’W, 27.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada & M. Pepinelli) 2 L, 3 P in ethanol (INPA). Lençóis County, Parque Nacional Chapada Diamantina: Cachoeirinha stream (# 32), 12 o 33 ’S 41 o 24 ’W, 09.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 2 P in ethanol (INPA), 25.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada & M. Pepinelli) 1 P in ethanol (INPA). Andaraí County, Parque Nacional Chapada Diamantina: Piabas River (below erosion area) (# 39), 12 o 51 ’S 41 o 18 ’W, 11.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 1 L, 2 P in ethanol (INPA); Piabas River (# 43), 12 o 57 ’S 41 o 16 ’W, 04.viii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli & V.L. Landeiro) 2 L, 2 P in ethanol (INPA); Coisa Boa River (# 40), 12 o 51 ’S 41 o 18 ’W, 11.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 1 P in ethanol (INPA); Roncador River (# 41), “off road” track between Andaraí and Lençóis, 12 o 41 ’S 41 o 21 ’W, 11.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 2 L, 3 P in ethanol, 1 F pinned (INPA); Serrano River (# 9), 12 o 33 ’S 41 o 23 ’W, 25.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli) 2 L, 1 P in ethanol (INPA); Pombos waterfall (# 38), Igatu, 12 o 54 ’S 41 o 19 ’W, 03.viii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli & V.L. Landeiro) 2 P in ethanol (INPA). Mucugê County, Parque Nacional Chapada Diamantina: Cumbuca River (# 42), 12 o 59 ’S 41 o 21 ’W, 12.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 3 P in ethanol, 1 M pinned (INPA); 1 F, 1 M pinned (genitalia on slide), 2 F, 2 M, 7 P, 4 L in slides, several P in ethanol, several L in Carnoys (BMNH); stream in the access road to Sibéria waterfall (# 45), 12 o 56 ’S 41 o 21 ’W, 15.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 3 P in ethanol (INPA); Pimenteiras stream (# 46), in the access road to Sibéria waterfall, 12 o 57 ’S 41 o 21 ’W, 15.vii. 2003 (N. Hamada & J. Silva) 1 L, 4 P in ethanol (INPA); first stream on the access road to Sibéria waterfall (# 41), 12 o 58 ’S 41 o 21 ’W, 04.viii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli & V.L. Landeiro) 2 L, 2 P in ethanol (INPA). Itaitê County, Urubu River (# 24), Chapadinha, Rumo village, 13 o 11 ’S 41 o 10 ’W, 29.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli) 2 P in ethanol, 1 F pinned (INPA); Barrigudinha River (# 26), Rumo village, 13 o 13 ’S 41 o08’W, 29.vii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli) 2 L, 2 P in ethanol, 2 F, 2 M pinned (INPA). Ibicoara County, Parque Muncipal Natural do Espalhado, Espalhado River (# 52), 13 o 19 ’S 41 o09’W, 08.viii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli & V.L. Landeiro) 4 P in ethanol, 1 F, 1 M pinned (INPA). Rio de Contas County, Mocotó River (# 57), Mato Grosso village, 13 o 25 ’S 41 o 50 ’W, 10.viii. 2005 (N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli & V.L. Landeiro) 2 L, 3 P in ethanol (INPA). Etymology: This species is named in honor of Jeferson Oliveira da Silva (INPA / CPEN), an ethical and dedicated professional and a good friend, who has been working tirelessly with N. Hamada in the field and laboratory. Taxonomic discussion and diagnosis: Simulium jefersoni n. sp. is placed in the subgenus Chirostilbia based on the combination of characters given by Coscarón (1987, 1991). Within Chirostilbia, this species might be included in the S. pertinax species group by having females with a black thorax and tarsal claws with a basal tooth (Coscarón 1987). However, the males have a ridge on the median region of the gonostyle, as in the species of the S. subpallidum group. The adults in the subgenus Chirostilbia are difficult to separate, especially those species in the S. pertinax group, without examination of the pupal gill configuration. Comparisons, especially with species in image archives in the BMNH, identified black fly specimens at INPA and BMNH, and published illustrations of known species of Chirostilbia, indicate that S. jefersoni n. sp. is morphologically similar to several species. The females are externally similar to females of S. acarayense Coscarón & Wygodzinsky, S. laneportoi Varg a s, S. papaveroi Coscarón, S. serranum Coscarón, S. spinibranchium Lutz, the black form of S. subpallidum Lutz, and S. striginotum Enderlein by having the scutum black with 1 + 1 median and 1 + 1 sublateral silver pruinose vittae and a black lyreshaped pattern. However, the new species can be distinguished by the structure of the anal lobe (Fig. 15) and its length, which is nearly 1.5 times longer than the cercus. In the other species, the anal lobe is approximately 2.5 to 3 times longer than the cercus. The male thoracic pattern of S. jefersoni n. sp. is also similar to that of species in the S. pertinax species group, from which this species can be distinguished by the structure of the gonostyle and the ventral plate. In S. jefersoni n. sp., the gonostyle is conical and fingerlike with a ridge (Fig. 28), and the ventral plate is distinctly rectangular, with the ventral margin nearly straight (Fig. 27), similar to that of S. acarayense (Coscarón 1991). The most reliable character for identifying S. jefersoni n. sp. is the structure of the cocoon and the number and configuration of the pupal gill filaments. The pupa of the new species has eight gill filaments (Fig. 31), which group this species with S. acarayense, S. empascae, S. laneportoi, S. papaveroi, S. pertinax, S. serranum, S. spinibranchium and S. subpallidum. However, S. jefersoni n. sp. can be separated by the shoeshaped cocoon with prominent anterior fenestrations (Figs. 29, 30). In this respect, S. jefersoni n. sp. is similar to S. distinctum, S. friedlanderi, S. obesum Vulcano and S. riograndense, but the number of its gill filaments distinguishes it from these species, which have 10, 11,> 100, and 10 filaments, respectively. The cocoon in S. empascae is also shoeshaped, but the pupal gill filaments and the cocoon have different configurations. The pupa of S. jefersoni n. sp. also can be recognized by the set of three primary branches giving rise to three sets of secondary branches that curve at their midpoints and diverge inward apically (Fig. 31), and the thorax and frontoclypeus with prominent, multiramous trichomes (Figs. 32, 34). The pupae of the known eightfilamented species of Chirostilbia in the Neotropical Region have a different gill and trichome configuration pattern. The postgenal cleft of the lastinstar larva of S. jefersoni n. sp. is similar to that of S. serranum (Coscarón 1981), but both species can be distinguished by the different structure of the filaments of the gill histoblast. Bionomics: Simulium jefersoni n. sp. has been collected only in the state of Bahia, Brazil, in Chapada Diamantina National Park and the surrounding area. The immature stages were collected from trailing vegetation, deciduous leaves, and rocks in areas with faster flow in 30 rockbottomed streams, with width varying from 1 to 50 m. The streams had black water, mean water temperature of 21 o C (SD = 2.0), median electrical conductivity below 20 µS/cm, and mean pH of 4.5 (SD = 0.45). These streams were located at altitudes of 468 to 1345 m. Females were not collected biting humans.Published as part of Hamada, Neusa, Hernandez, Luis M., Luz, Sergio Luiz Bessa & Pepinelli, Mateus, 2006, Simulium (Chirostilbia) jefersoni, a new species of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the state of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 1123 on pages 23-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17176
Modeling the water food-energy nexus in the Arab world: The NASA land information system in Egypt
No full textPresentation by Hamada S. Bad
The <I>Smicridea</I> (<I>Smicridea</I>) fasciatella species group (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in Brazil: six new species and new distributional records
No full textThe Smicridea (Smicridea) fasciatella species group occurs from the southwestern USA, throughout Central America, the Greater Antilles islands, and most of South America, except for the Chilean subregion. It is characterized by the phallic apparatus being a simple tube with eversible internal sclerites at the apex. The fasciatella group is composed of 61 species, of which only 11 occur in Brazil, mainly in the Atlantic Forest biome in the southeastern region. In order to reduce the Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls for the Smicridea Brazilian fauna, we diagnose, describe, and illustrate males of six new species in the fasciatella group: Smicridea (Smicridea) blahniki Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) brevitruncata Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) caaguara Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) ipiranga Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) jeaneae Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., and S. (Smicridea) polyacantha Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov. Additionally, we provide distributional data for S. (Smicridea) albosignata Ulmer, 1907, S. (Smicridea) bivittata (Hagen, 1861), S. (Smicridea) erecta Flint, 1974, S. (Smicridea) obliqua Flint, 1974, S. (Smicridea) paranensis Flint, 1983, and S. (Smicridea) sattleri Denning & Sykora, 1968. The number of S. (Smicridea) species in Brazil increases from 21 to 27 and Smicridea is recorded from the states of Acre, Amapá, and Sergipe for the first time.</p
Review of Learning words from reading: A cognitive model of word-meaning inference; Author: Megumi Hamada; Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021; ISBN: 978-1-3501-5368-4; Pages: 168
No full textBook Review: Learning words from reading: A cognitive model of word-meaning inference. Author: Megumi Hamada. Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021. ISBN: 978-1-3501-5368-4. Pages: 16
Nilothauma anamariae Dantas & Hamada 2017, sp. nov.
No full textNilothauma anamariae sp. nov. (Figs. 9–14) Type material. Holotype: male, BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul, Bossoroca, Barra do Angico, Rio Piratinim, 28°32'05.53" S 54°57'30.05" W, 29–30.ii.2014, light-trap, A. M. Pes (INPA). Paratype: 1 male, as holotype (INPA). Diagnostic characters. Anal point well-developed; TIX without dorsal projections, without dorsal setae in the median area; inferior volsella L-shaped, with a long simple lateral bristle, strongly curved and an apical lobe directed inwards bearing 10–12 apically split setae. Etymology. The name is in honor of Dr. Ana Maria Oliveira Pes, who collected the type specimens Male (n= 1–2). Total length 2.28–2.50 mm. Wing length 1.14–1.15 mm. Total length / wing length 1.98–2.20. Wing length / length of profemur 2.10–2.15. Coloration. Head and abdomen greenish-yellow, wings unmarked, antenna, vittae, postnotum and inferior half of preepisternum light-brown. Head (Fig. 9). Antenna as in Figure 11. AR 0.21–0.24. Thirteenth flagellomere 117–125 µm long. Temporal setae 5 in a single row. Frontal tubercles not distinct. Clypeus with 18–19 setae. Cibarial pump with anterior margin slightly concave, 140–154 µm long. Tentorium 90–92 µm long, maximum width 16 µm. Stipes 116 µm long. Palp segment lengths (I–V, in µm): 17–19, 25–27, 56–65, 76–77, 100–131. Third palpomere with 2 sensilla clavata subapically, longest 16–18 µm long. Fifth palpomere / third palpomere 1.80–2.02. Eyes separated by 32–34 µm, dorsomedial extension 101–115 µm long, 74–87 µm wide. Thorax (Fig. 10). Dorsocentrals 8–10 in single row; acrostichals 16–18, biserial, starting close to anterior margin of scutum; prealars 3. Scutellum with 2 setae. Wing (Fig. 12). WW 0.40–0.41. VR 1.41–1.54. Brachiolum with 2 setae, R with 10–11 setae, R1 with 8–11 setae, R4+5 with 9–15 setae, remaining veins bare. Anal lobe reduced. Legs. Spur of fore tibia 20 µm long, scale 21 µm long. Mid tibia with 1 spur, 20 µm long; hind tibia with 1 spurs, 25 µm long. Combs of mid tibia 18–20 µm long, of hind tibia 17–18 µm long. Width at apex of fore tibia 41–42 µm, of mid tibia 44–46 µm, of hind tibia 47–51 µm. Mid and hind legs with pseudopurs in ta1–ta4; all legs with slender and curved claws. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of leg segments presented in Table 2. Abdomen. Tergites with few setae. Segment VIII 132–141 µm long, 170–177 µm wide, weakly tapered anteriorly. Hypopygium (Figs 13–14). Tergite IX with posterior margin wedge-shaped; without dorsal lobe(s), without dorsal setae in the median area, with 7–8 setae on each side close to base of anal point, distinct anal tergite bands present. Anal point well-developed, rounded at apex, 47–56 µm long, 15–16 µm wide medially. Laterosternite IX with 3 setae. Phallapodeme straight, 63–73 µm long; transverse sternapodeme straight, 38–39 µm long. Gonocoxite 90–93 µm long. Inferior volsella robust, curved at apex, 65–72 µm long, with a long simple and curved lateral bristle, strongly curved and an apical lobe directed inwards bearing 10–12 apically split setae. Superior volsella, 40–45 µm long, cylindrical and straight, with blunted apex, covered with microtrichia, without setae. Median volsella short, 9–11 µm long, straight, with 2 apical setae sitting on tubercles. Gonostylus tapered, 101 µm long, with 2 dorsal setae near the base. HR 0.89. HV 2.47. Female imago and immatures. Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.Published as part of Dantas, Galileu P. S. & Hamada, Neusa, 2017, Three new species of Nilothauma Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Brazil, pp. 350-360 in Zootaxa 4282 (2) on pages 352-354, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4282.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/81873
Neo-Simulation and Gaming Toward Active Learning
No full textThis book provides tips to teachers for moving toward active learning by using simulation and gaming. The book is a rare reference for teachers who wish to initiate active learning by applying many real experiences from world experts in simulation and gaming. This cumulative wisdom comes from cutting-edge trials reported at the 49th International Simulation and Gaming Association’s annual conference in Thailand 9–13 July 2018. The importance of changing teachers’ one-way lecture approach to that of active learning has been commonly understood for several decades and has been promoted especially in recent years in Asian universities. Simulation and gaming meets the requirements of such teaching programs, especially for active learning, but there are few books or references on how to gamify a lecture. This book serves as a guide to facilitate that change. The author recognizes the duty to provide readers with fixed directions toward simulation and gaming in the next generation, which have still not been fully elucidated. Developing a simulation and gaming culture and making it sustainable in the next decade are the purpose of this book
Simulium duodenicornium Pepinelli & Hamada & Trivinho-Strixino 2005, New Species
No full textSimulium duodenicornium Pepinelli, Hamada & TrivinhoStrixino New Species (Figs. 1–48) Female. General coloration black. Body length 2.8 mm (n = 1); thorax lateral length 1.3 mm (n = 1); wing length 2.5 mm (n = 1), wing width 1.1 mm (n = 1). Frons, clypeus, and occiput dark brown with silver pruinosity; frontoocular triangle present (Fig. 3); frontoocular suture absent. Antenna with silver pubescence, 0.55–0.60 mm in length; scape, pedicel, and proximal area of first flagellomere brownish yellow, remaining flagellomeres dark brown (Fig. 4). Maxillary palpus brownish yellow; sensory vesicle elongated, occupying more than 1 / 3 of length of palpomere III; palpomere V twice length of palpomere III and IV. Mandible with 12 external serrations and 34–38 internal teeth. Lacinia with 25–26 retrorse teeth. Central region of cibarium with tubercles, cibarium arms sclerotized (Fig. 6). Scutum black (Figs. 1, 2), with graywhitish hairs distributed in groups, with central line without hairs (light source anterior). Anepisternum dark brown; katepisternum light brown. Scutellum light brown with golden hairs; postnotum black. Wing vein Sc bare, R with setae, as in male wing (Fig. 19). Foreleg with coxa, trochanter, and medial to proximal area of femur light brown; distal region and all tarsal segments dark brown (Fig. 7). Middle leg with coxa, trochanter, femur, and most of tibia light brown; tibia, basitarsus, and penultimate tarsomere with distal region dark brown; other tarsomeres dark brown (Fig. 8). Hind leg with coxa dark brown, trochanter light brown, femur, tibia and tarsomere light brown with apical region dark brown (Fig. 9); calcipala as broad as long (Fig. 5). Tarsal claw base slightly prominent (Fig. 10). Femur with filiform and spatuliform setae and tibiae with filiform setae on all legs. Tergites dark brown. Basal fringe with thin, long, golden hairs. Cercus rounded; anal lobe with internal area concave medially, forming two short projection of similar width, with anterior projection more membranous (Fig. 13); in ventral view as in Figure 11. Hypogynial valves subovoid, covered with microtrichia (Figs. 11, 14). Genital fork with stem long, lateral arms well developed and with large anterior processes; lateral arms forming subtriangular space (Figs. 11, 12). Spermatheca subspherical, with internal cuticular microspines (Fig. 15); spermathecal duct and area of attachment unpigmented. Male. General body coloration black; body length 2.8 mm (n = 1); thorax lateral length 1.1 mm (n = 1). Wing length 2.4 mm (n = 1), wing width 1.2mm (n = 1). Antenna with whitish pubescense, 0.5–0.6 mm in length; scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere light brown, remaining flagellomere dark brown, palpus dark brown, sensory vesicle small, occupying less than 1 / 5 of palpomere III; palpomere V about 2.2 times as long as palpomeres III and IV. Scutum black with golden hairs densely distributed (Figs. 16, 17), without any silver or gray pattern. Scutellum dark brown, posnotum black. Anespiternum and katepisternum dark brown. Wing venation: Sc bare, Rs with hairs, and R and C with hairs and spines (Fig. 19). Legs with same color pattern as in female, but tarsal claw differentiated, with prominent projection on base (Fig. 18). Abdominal tergites black; basal fringe with long and thin, golden hairs. Gonocoxite and gonostylus brown; gonocoxite subrectangular; gonostylus elongated with 1 or 2 acute apical spines (Fig. 21). Median sclerite rectangular with medial concavity (Fig. 22). Paramere weakly sclerotized, poorly developed; membrane on central region with spicules (Fig. 20). Ventral plate subrectangular, with anterior projection as in Figs. 23, 25, 27, 29; anterior projection enlarged distally and covered with setae. Pupae (Figs. 31–39). Body length 3.9–4.1 mm (mean = 4.0 mm, n = 5). Dorsal length of cocoon 4.0– 4.4 mm (mean = 4.1 mm, n = 5), ventral length 2.9–3.4 mm (mean = 3.2 mm, n = 5). Cocoon boot shaped, thick and hard, without central projection (Figs. 31, 32, 36). Gills with 12 short, thick, and rigid filaments, with tips pointed and highly sclerotized, without spicules in annular arrangement (Figs. 33, 34). Frontoclypeus with 2 pairs of short, stout, and simple frontal trichomes, 1 pair of spines above frontoclypeus (Fig. 35), surrounded by small rounded tubercles. Thorax, dorsally, with 5 pairs of spiniform trichomes (Fig. 37). Abdomen as in Figs. 38 and 39. Tergite I with 1 pair of sublateral setae (Fig. 38 a). Tergite II with 4 pairs of stout setae, 2 pairs of thin sublateral setae, and many small tubercles especially in anterior to medial region of tergite (Fig. 38 b). Tergites III and IV each with 4 anteriorly directed pairs of hooks on posterior margin (Figs. 38 c, d). Tergites V–IX with comblike groups of fine posteriorly directed spines on anterior margin (Fig. 38 e). Sternites III–IX with anterior medial comblike groups of microspines (Fig. 39 a). Sternites V–VII with 2 pairs of stout, bifid hooks on posterior margin (Figs. 39 b, c, d). Larvae (last instar) (Figs. 40–48). Length: 6.2–7.5 mm (mean = 6.9 mm, n = 5); head capsule lateral length: 0.5–0.6 mm (mean = 0.53, n = 5), dorsal width: 0.79–0.88 mm (mean = 0.82, n = 5). General coloration grayish black (in Carnoy’s solution). Head capsule with negative pattern as in Fig. 44. Cervical sclerites small, eliptical, free in membrane, each with thin, elongated sclerite anteriorly (Figs. 40, 44). Postgenal cleft subtriangular, widest medially (Figs. 41, 42), with thin, dark membrane covering its entire surface (Fig. 41). Postgenal bridge 0.5 times as long as hypostoma (Fig. 42). Subesophageal ganglion not pigmented. Antenna as long as labral fan stalk; distal and proximal articles smaller than medial article (proportions of articles proximal to distal, excluding apical sensillum, 1: 2.5–2.6: 0.9) (Fig. 45). Hypostoma with pigmented anterior margin and 9 apical teeth: lateral teeth larger and more blunt than remaining teeth, 3 small median teeth, and 4 larger, blunt intermediate teeth, lateral serrations absent and 7 or 8 setae per side (Fig. 43). Labral fan with 53–59 primary rays. Body covered with ovoid setae (Fig. 46). Ventral tubercles absent. Anterodorsal arms of anal sclerite shorter in length than posteroventral arms (Fig. 47). Posterior proleg bearing approximately 178–184 rows (n = 3), with 26–31 hooks. Anal papillae with 3 branches, each with 25–27 fingershaped lobes (Fig. 48). Types Holotype (MZUSP) male (pinned), Cachoeira stream (Cahoeira dos Pretos), 22 o 57 S; 46 o 10 W, Mantiqueira mountain chain, Joanópolis County, State of São Paulo, Brazil; collectors M. Pepinelli and N. Hamada, 22 /v/ 2004. Paratype (MZUSP) 1 pinned female, 1 pharate male, and 1 pharate female with genitalia mounted on permanent slide; 5 larvae and 5 pupae in 80 % ethanol, same locality as holotype, collectors M. Pepinelli, R.F. Gutierrez, F.O. Roque, 22 /viii/ 2004; INPA 1 pharate male, head and thorax pinned and remainder on slide with its respective pupal exuviae, 1 pharate female, thorax pinned and remainder on slide with its pupal exuviae; 5 larvae and 5 pupae, in 80 % ethanol, same locality as holotype, collectors M. Pepinelli, R.F. Gutierrez, F.O. Roque, 22 /viii/ 2004; INPA 10 larvae and 10 pupae in 80 % ethanol, same locality as holotype, collectors N. Hamada, N.H. Fearnside, B.RonchiTeles, 10 /i/ 2005; INPA 10 larvae and 10 pupae in 80 % ethanol, same locality as holotype, collector N. Hamada 1 /iii/ 2005; NHM 5 larvae and 5 pupae, same locality as holotype, collector N. Hamada 1 /iii/ 2005. Additional Material Examined Simulium guianense s.l. French Guiana. INPA 1 male and its pupal exuviae on slide, Maroni River, 17 /vi/ 1999. Collectors: N. Hamada, F. Fouque; 1 pharate male and 1 pharate female on slide, Maroni River, 17 /vi/ 1999. Collectors: N. Hamada, F. Fouque. Etymology The name of this species is derived from duodeni (L.) = twelve each, and cornus (L.) = horn, in reference to the number and shape of the pupal gill filaments. Taxonomic Discussion The female of S. duodenicornium n. sp. has a black scutum with silver setae arranged in groups (Figs. 1, 2). This pattern is similar to that of other species in the subgenus Thyrsopelma, with the exception of S. scutistriatum Lutz, in which the thorax is brownish red. However, the female of the new species can be distinguished from the females of the other species of Thyrsopelma by the anal lobe (Fig. 13); this structure is similar to those of S. guianense s.l. Wise and S. orbitale Lutz in that it has a membranous anterior region, but in the new species the internal side of the anal lobe is concave in the medial region, forming two short projections of similar width. The male of S. duodenicornium can be distinguished from males of the other species in this subgenus by the shape of the genitalia and the coloration of the scutum. The new species has a black scutum, covered with golden setae, without bands (Figs. 16, 17). The other species in this subgenus have a silver thoracic pattern, with the exception of S. perplexum Shelley, MaiaHerzog, Luna Dias & Couch, which has a scutal pattern similar to that of the female of the new species. Simulium scutistriatum has a dark brown scutum (Shelley et al. 1989, Coscarón, 1991). The pupa of the new species has 12 thick gill filaments, with the apices pointed and heavily sclerotized and without spicules in annular arrangements (Figs. 33, 34). Four other species in the subgenus Thyrsopelma have pupae with 12 gill filaments, but they can be distinguished from the new species by the following combinations of characters: S. guianense s.l., S. perplexum, and S. hirtipupa Lutz have gill filaments with spicules or projections in an annular arrangement and filaments thinner than those of the new species (MaiaHerzog et al. 1985; Shelley et al. 1989, 1997). Additionally, S. hirtipupa has protuberances on the cocoon and a large number of trichomes on the frontoclypeus, which were not observed in the new species. Although S. scutistriatum has 12 gill filaments, the cocoon shape is different, with the anteroventral margin more elongated and the frontoclypeus bearing several acuminate tubercles. The pupa of S. duodenicornium has small tubercles distributed evenly on tergite II, a condition not recorded in other species in the subgenus. Shelley et al. (1997) reported one row of simple hooks on tergite V of S. guianense s. l. pupae; however, in the specimens of S. guianense s. l. that we examined from French Guiana, we did not observe a row of hooks on this tergite. The larva of Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. has an anal lobe of up to 27 lobes, whereas the other species in this subgenus with known larvae have anal lobes of 5–15 lobes. However, in S. scutistriatum the larvae have 30 lobes. Simulium scutistriatum larvae have an anal disc with 280–300 rows (Coscarón 1991), whereas the new species has approximately 180 rows. Larvae of this new species have the body cuticle covered with ovoid setae that appear to be wider than those in the other species of the subgenus. However, this observation needs to be confirmed. Bionomics Larvae and pupae were collected in only one stream, which had a streambed of sand, small stones, and boulders. They were collected on stems, leaves, and roots of trailing vegetation, in areas where the flow was fast and highly turbulent. The stream had clear water in the first two collection periods (May and August 2004), but the water carried sediment in the last two collections (January and March 2005) due to constant rainfall. In the area where larvae and pupae were collected, the stream bank was covered with low riparian vegetation and some grass; upstream of the waterfall there were some areas of cattle pasture. In May 2004, water temperature was 15.6 °C, pH 7.3, and electrical conductivity 14 µs/cm. The altitude at the collection area was 902 m. The females of this species were not collected biting humans during the field work.Published as part of Pepinelli, Mateus, Hamada, Neusa & Trivinho-Strixino, Susana, 2005, Simulium (Thyrsopelma) duodenicornium, a new black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Southeast Region of Brazil, pp. 17-29 in Zootaxa 1040 on pages 19-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16982
Paracloeodes prismatobranchus Cruz & Salles & Hamada 2018, sp. n.
No full text<i>Paracloeodes prismatobranchus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figures 25–28)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. <b>Male imago.</b> 1) stigmatic area of forewing opaque (Fig. 25C); 2) hind wing present (Fig. 25D); 3) abdominal terga II–VI light brown, segments VIII–X brown (Fig. 25B); 4) posterior margin of styliger plate concave with rounded spine medially (Fig. 25E).</p> <p> <b>Mature Nymph</b>. 1) frons elevated forming keel (Figs 26C and 26D); 2) distolateral margin of labrum with bifid and pectinate setae (Fig. 27B); 3) right mandible incisors partially fused (Fig. 27C); 4) distomedial projection of labial palp 1.6× width of segment III (Fig. 27G); 5) hind wing pads present; 6) anterior surface of forefemur with one row of pectinate and stout setae near dorsal margin, and one row of pectinate and stout setae near ventral margin (Fig. 28C); 7) anterior surface of foretibia with one row of stout setae near dorsal margin, and two rows of pectinate and stout setae near ventral margin (Fig. 28C); 8) anterior and posterior surface of foretarsus with pectinate and stout setae (Fig. 28C); 9) ventral margin of foretarsus with one row of pectinate and stout setae (Fig. 28C); 10) cercus with long spines every two segments (Fig. 28D); 11) paracercus with spines on all segments (Fig. 28E); 12) body color pattern as in figures 26A and 26B.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. <b>Male imago.</b> Body 4.0 mm; forewing 4.36 mm; hind wing 0.80 mm (n=1). <b>Head</b> brown. Turbinate portion of compound eyes orange. Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes oval (Fig. 25B); length 1.8× width; stalk height 1.4× height of dorsal portion; inner margins divergent anteriorly. <b>Thorax</b> brown. Anteronotal and metascutellar protuberance rounded. Legs light brown. Forewing (Fig. 25C) hyaline; veins light brown; stigmatic area with five cross veins reaching subcostal vein and two veins not reaching subcostal vein; marginal intercalary veins paired between C and IMP2, single between IMP2 and ICA1, absent between ICA1 and A; length of each intercalary vein 0.7× distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of forewing about 2.5× width. Hind wing (Fig. 25D) hyaline; costal process quadrangular, posteriorly projected, located on basal third. <b>Abdomen</b> with segments II–VI light brown, segments VIII–X brown (Figs 25A and 25B). Genitalia (Fig. 25E) with forceps segment I cylindrical; 0.3× length of segment II; distance between base of forceps 0.5× distance between lateral margins of forceps. Forceps segment II narrow basally. Posterior margin of styliger plate concave with rounded spine medially.</p> <p> <b>Mature Nymph.</b> Length of body: 4.0–5.0 mm; cercus: 2.61 mm; paracercus: 2.55 mm; antennae: 2.69 mm (n=1). <b>Head</b> brown. Antenna light brown. Turbinate portion of male compound eyes light brown. Frons elevated forming one keel (Figs 26C and 26D). Antenna with scape and pedicel subcylindrical; flagellum (Fig. 27A) with blunt spines and thin setae. Labrum (Fig. 27B) rectangular, broader than long; length about 0.7× maximum width; distal margin with shallow medial emargination; dorsally with thin setae scattered over surface; subapical pair of setae distinguishable from others; near anterolateral margin with two long setae distinguishable from others; ventrally with submarginal row of setae composed of bifid and pectinate setae; ventral surface with short and stout setae near lateral and distolateral margins. Right mandible (Fig. 27C) with incisors partially fused. Inner and outer set of incisors respectively with 2 + 4 denticles. Prostheca slender, bifurcated at middle, inner lobe longer than outer, both pectinate. Margin between prostheca and mola concave; tuft of stout setae at base of mola present; tuft of setae at apex of mola present. Lateral margins almost straight. Left mandible (Fig. 27D) with incisors partially fused. Inner and outer set of incisors respectively with 3 + 5 denticles. Prostheca robust, apex with three to five digitiform projections. Margin between prostheca and mola slightly convex; tuft of stout setae at base of mola present; subtriangular process narrow; denticles of mola apically constricted; tuft of setae at apex of mola absent. Lateral margins almost straight. Hypopharynx (Fig. 27F) with lingua shorter than superlingua; distal margin convex; medial tuft of setae present. Superlingua rounded, lateral margin straight and with thin setae scattered over distal margin; distolateral margin with short spines. Maxilla (Fig. 27E), medially, with 1 stout setae. Maxillary palp 1.5× length of galea-lacinia; setae on maxillary palp thin; palp segment II 1.3× length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 27G) with glossa subequal in length to paraglossa, slightly narrowing toward apex; inner margin ventrally bare, inner margin dorsally with nine stout setae; apex dorsally with four robust setae; outer margin ventrally bare, outer margin dorsally with eight stout setae; dorsal surface bare; ventral surface scattered with short and thin setae. Paraglossa, subtriangular; outer margin ventrally bare, dorsally with one row of long and stout setae; dorsal surface with two longitudinal rows of setae, one near outer and other near inner margins; ventral surface with one row of five stout setae near inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.9× length of segments II and III combined; segment I with thin setae. Segment II with small distomedial protuberance 1.6× width of base of segment III; inner margin with few short and thin setae; outer margin covered with short and thin setae. Segment III inner margin with one row of stout setae ventrally and dorsally, length 1.0× width, covered with short and thin setae. <b>Thorax</b> light brown, with brown marks. Hind wing pads present. Foreleg (Fig. 28C) whitish, with brown marks distally on femur, tibia and tarsus; ratio 1.3:(0.56mm):0.6:0.2. Forefemur with length about 3.6× maximum width; dorsal margin with row of blunt setae (in lateral view they look like stout setae); ventral margin with few short and thin setae; anterior surface with one row of pectinate and stout setae near dorsal margin, and one row of pectinate and stout setae near ventral margin. Ventral margin of tibia with one row of stout setae; anterior surface with one row of stout setae near dorsal margin, and two rows of small pectinate and stout setae near ventral margin; posterior surface with robust and pectinate and stout setae. Dorsal margin of tarsus with scarce short and thin setae; ventral margin with one row of pectinate and stout setae; posterior surface with one row pectinate and stout setae; anterior surface with irregular pectinate and stout setae. <b>Abdominal</b> segments II, III, V and IX (Fig. 26A) with brown marks laterally, segments VI–VIII with same marks but lighter; medioanterior and medioposterior sigilla brown. Posterior margin of terga with regular spines (Fig.28A). Gills (Fig. 28B) hyaline; margin with spines intercalating short and thin setae. Tracheae restricted to base of main trunk. Gill I subequal in length to segment II; lanceolate. Gill IV as long as length of segment V to half VI combined; oblong, apically pointed. Gill VII as long as length of segments VIII to IX; oblong, apically rounded. Paraproct (Fig. 28F) with 17–20 marginal spines; postero-lateral extension with marginal spines. Paracercus with short spines on each segment (Fig. 28E). Cercus with long spines on every two segments (Fig. 28D).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name is an arbitrary combination of two Greek words, <i>prismato</i> (something sawed) and <i>branchus</i> (gill), an allusion to the strongly serrated shape of the gill margins.</p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> The male imago of <i>P. prismatobranchus</i> <b>sp. n.</b> is unique within the genus, in that it has the posterior margin of the styliger plate concave, with a rounded spine medially.</p> <p> The nymph of <i>P. prismatobranchus</i> <b>sp. n.</b> possesses: gills with borders that are strongly serrated (which seems to be the costal and anal ribs fused); a distomedial projection of labial palp that is 1.6× width of segment III; incisors of both mandibles partially fused; the surface of femur, tibia and tarsi with rows of pectinate and stout setae; cercus with long spines every two segments; paracercus with spines on all segments; and a peculiar abdominal color pattern. This peculiar combination of characteristics makes <i>P. prismatobranchus</i> <b>sp. n.</b> unique. Moreover, the wide distribution of the species also is unique, having been collected from all Brazilian regions and three different biomes (Amazon, Atlantic Forest and <i>Cerrado</i>).</p> <p> <b>Material Examined.</b> Holotype: One nymph, BRAZIL, Santa Catarina state, Campos Novos, Rio Leão, 03.x.2011, 27°10’54.0”S / 51° 19’ 21.4”W, 741m alt., P.V. Cruz and R. Boldrini cols., INPA. Paratypes: Six nymphs, same data as holotype. Additional material: One nymph, BRAZIL, Santa Catarina state, Paraiso (São Miguel do Oeste), River Peperiguaçu, border with Argentina, 26°36’49.9”S / 53°43’53.8”W, 367m alt., 15.ix.2011, A.O. Pes, P.V. Cruz, R. Boldrini and N. Hamada cols., INPA. One nymph, BRAZIL, Paraná state, Rio Ivaí (bridge Olaria); 24°31’55.9” S / 52°27’02.8” W, 449 m alt., 12.ix.2011, A.O. Pes, P.V. Cruz, R. Boldrini and N. Hamada cols., INPA. One nymph, BRAZIL, Paraná state, Marquinhos, River Cobre, 25°08’25.6”S / 52°17’20.6”W, 595 m alt., 13.ix.2011, A. O. Pes, P.V. Cruz, R. Boldrini and N. Hamada cols., INPA. Four nymphs and two male imagoes reared, BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, BR 267, from Caxambu to Juiz de Fora, bridge under river Furnas, 21°55’56.9” S / 44° 50’25.6” W, 26.x.2011, P.V. Cruz and M. R. De-Souza cols., INPA. One nymph, BRAZIL, Maranhão state, BR 0 10, river Farinha, 06°31’47.3”S / 47°28’11.4”W, 22.vii.2010, P. V. Cruz, R. Boldrini and N. Hamada cols., INPA. Thirty nymphs and ten male imago reared, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro state, Nova Friburgo, triburaty of river Cascatinha, opposite to small resort Ananais (brigde on road), 22°20’38.2”S / 42°33’26.2”W, 22.x.2011, P. V. Cruz and M. R. De-Souza cols., INPA. Eight nymphs, BRAZIL, Roraima state, Caroebe, ramal 37, river Caroebe, Cachoeirinha farm, 00°57’09.2”N / 59°37’00.5”W, 23.iii.2012, N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini cols., INPA. One nymph, BRAZIL, Ceará state, Morajaú, Riacho dos Porcos, 03°23’21.3”S / 40°41’01.7”W, 05.vi.2011, P. V. Cruz and N. Hamada cols., INPA. Two nymphs, BRAZIL, Piauí state, border Cocal /PI and Padre Vieira /CE, river Piranji (Cachoeira Pirapora), 03°33’31.8”S / 041°21’56.9”W, 02.vi.2011, P. V. Cruz and N. Hamada cols., INPA. Three nymphs, BRAZIL, Espiríto Santo state, Sooretemana national park, river Barra seca, 18°57’50.4”S / 40°07’36.2”W, 05.xi.2011, P. V. Cruz col., INPA. Two nymphs, BRAZIL, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Bodoquena, Fazenda Califónia/ Fazenda Ouro Verde, 15 minutes walking to waterfall, 20°42’18.1”S / 56°51’14.6”W, 18.iii.2012, P. V. Cruz and N. Hamada cols., INPA. Two nymphs, BRAZIL, border between Goiás and Bahia states, Correntina, Comunidade do Val. Rio do Meio, 13°13’35.2”S / 44°35’37.3”W, 07.vi.2012, P. V. Cruz and N. Hamada cols., INPA.</p>Published as part of <i>Cruz, Paulo Vilela, Salles, Frederico Falcão & Hamada, Neusa, 2018, Contribution to the taxonomy of Paracloeode s Day 1955 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from South America, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 4403 (1)</i> on pages 39-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4403.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1211917">http://zenodo.org/record/1211917</a>
Apobaetis pasternakae De Lima & Cruz & Hamada 2023, sp. nov.
No full textApobaetis pasternakae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CA9DDFA5-45BE-44FC-9EC5-A92B09F133B8 Figs 1, 3–5 Apobaetis fiuzai – Cruz et al. 2011: 89. –– Falcão et al. 2011: 519. –– Boldrini et al. 2012: 92. Diagnosis MALE IMAGO (adapted from Cruz et al. 2011). Wing (Cruz et al. 2011: fig. 8). hyaline, veins light brown; stigmatic area with eight veins not touching Sc vein; marginal intercalary veins paired, except single between veins IMP2 and CuA, absent between CuA and A; length of each intercalary vein 0.6× distance between adjacent longitudinal vein; length of forewing about 2.5 × width. External genitalia (Cruz et al. 2011: fig. 10a–b). Area between unistyligers with a deep V emargination. Internal genitalia (Fig. 5H). A pair of sclerotized gonovectes V-shaped, broad apex (gv); retractor muscle of the gonovectes fixed in the angle region of the gonovectes (m.gv); sclerotized penial bridge (pb); a pair of styligeral muscle (ms). NYMPH. Characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) labrum rectangular, distal medial margin with one protuberance; dorsal surface with 3 to 5 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin (Fig. 4A–B); 2) hypopharynx with lingua subcircular, with apical tuft of setae, length subequal to superlingua (Fig. 4E); 3) maxillary palp long, greater than or equal to 2.0× the length of galea-lacinia; segment II tapering abruptly from the apical half to the apex, without apical constriction (Fig. 4F); 4) labial palp segment II with triangular pointed distomedial projection, apically directed; segment III rectangular, distal margin slightly concave (Fig. 4G); 5) foreleg with dorsal margin of femur with one row of 11 to 13 concave and blunt long setae; claw 0.6–0.8× length of tarsus, without row of denticles (Fig. 5A); 6) posterior margin of tergum IV with triangular and pointed spines in irregular sizes (Fig. 5C); 7) paraproct with several marginal spines, posterolateral extension without spines (Fig. 5E). Etymology The species name is a tribute to Dr Natália Pasternak, founder of the Instituto Questão de Ciências in São Paulo. During the Coronavirus Pandemic, she acted fighting fake news. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • nymph on slide; Amazonas State, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, stream Barro Branco; 02º53′ S, 59º58′ W; 10 Mar. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA. Paratypes BRAZIL – Amazonas • 2 nymphs on slide; same collection data as for holotype; INPA • 5 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for holotype; INPA. Additional material BRAZIL – Amazonas • 12 ♂♂ imagoes in 80% alcohol; Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, stream Barro Branco; 02º53′ S, 59º58′ W; 8Apr. 2009; R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 5 males imagoes genitalia on slide; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 6 nymphs on slide; Presidente Figueiredo, Corredeira da Pantera; 02º02′ S, 59º50′ W; 8 Nov. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Nov. 2009; INPA • 3 nymphs on slide; Presidente Figueiredo, Cachoeira do Santuário; 02º03′ S, 59º55′ W; 13 Nov. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Apuí; 07º11′ S, 59º53′ W; 2 Jul. 2018; P. V. Cruz, G. Desidério and N. Hamada leg.; INPA. – Roraima • 2 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Rio Caroebe, ramal 37, Cachoeirinha farms; 00º57′09.2″ N, 59º37′00.5″ W; 23 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 12 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 1 nymph in alcohol 80%; Caroebe, Lago Jacundá, Vicinal 02; 00º50′59.8″ N, 59º40′48.2″ W; 29 Nov. 2006; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; São João da Baliza, sítio do igarapé; 01º00′59.7″ N, 59º55′53.1″ W; 24 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 3 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 3 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Igarapé do Jacaré, vicinal 05; 01º03′58.2″ N, 59º3′06.8″ W; 19 Mar. 2013; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 4 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Rio Caroebe, vicinal 05; 01º03′58.2″ N, 59º3′06.8″ W; 12 Mar. 2018; P. V. Cruz and I.O. Fernandes leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Pacaraima, Rio Ereu; 01º56′01.3″ N, 61º01′38.4″ W; 26 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Boa Vista, Rio Murupu; 03º01′16.3″ N, 60º46′32.9″ W; 19 Dec. 2004; N. Hamada and F.F. Salles leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Bonfim, Rio Arraia; 03º21′01.6″ N, 59º54′14.5″ W; 5 Nov. 2006; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 1 nymph in alcohol 80%; Caroebe, Lago Jacundá, first bridge, Vicinal 2; 00º50′59.8″ N, 59º40′48.2″ W; 29 Nov. 2008; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; Bonfim, Rio Arraia; 03º21′04.0″ N, 59º54′13.5″ W; 27 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; Cantá, Rio do Cachorro bridge; 02º25′20.2″ N, 60º40′00.9″ W; 28 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; BR 170; 02º08′59.9″ N, 60º40′39.9″ W; 28 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA. – Rondônia • 3 nymphs on slide; Candeias do Jamarí, Igarapé da Onça; 08º52′40.0″ S, 63º38′02.2″ W; 9 Jul. 2016; N. Hamada and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA. – Maranhão • 2 nymphs on slide; Estreito, BR 010, near the bridge, Rio Farinha; 06º31′47.3″ S, 47º28′11.4″ W; 22 Jul. 2010; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA. Description Nymph LENGTH. Body: 2.9–3.1 mm. HEAD. Antenna. Flagellum with minute spines at apex of each flagellomere. Labrum (Fig. 4A–B). Length about 0.5 × maximum width; distal medial margin with one protuberance; dorsal surface with 3 to 5 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin; medially with one row of long and thin setae near distal margin; long, thin and simple setae covering dorsal surface; ventral surface with spine-like setae on distolateral and distal margins. Left mandible (Fig. 4C). Incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors with 4 and 3 denticles, respectively; prostheca robust, bifurcated at apex, outer lobe robust, inner lobe slender with medial tuft of setae; margin between prostheca and mola concave; subtriangular process wide with short protuberance on distal margin; tuft of setae at base of subtriangular process; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Right mandible (Fig. 4D). Incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors each with 3 denticles; prostheca slender, bifurcated at apex; margin between prostheca and mola concave; tuft of setae at base of mola absent; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Hypopharynx (Fig. 4E). Lingua subcircular, with apical tuft of setae, length subequal to superlingua; superlingua not expanded, with short, fine and simple setae scattered over distolateral and distal margin. Maxilla (Fig. 4F). Maxillary palp long, greater than or equal to 2.0 × length of galea-lacinia; segment I 0.7× length of galea-lacinia; segment II tapering abruptly from apical half to apex, with fine and simple setae scattered over surface, without apical constriction. Labium (Fig. 4G). Glossa subquadrangular, medially broad, subequal to paraglossa; dorsal surface with one longitudinal row of 4 short spine-like setae near inner margin; apex with 3 short spine-like setae; longitudinal row of 9 robust spine-like setae near outer margin; ventral surface covered with long, thin and simple setae. Paraglossa curved inward; dorsal surface with long and robust setae on apex; outer margin with one longitudinal row of 16 long spine-like setae to base and one longitudinal row of 6 long and robust spine-like setae to base near inner margin; ventral surface with one longitudinal row of 7 long and robust spine-like setae at middle, at apical half. Labial palp with segment I 0.8 × length of segments II and III combined, covered with micropores (not illustrated); segment II with outer margin covered with thin, long and simple setae, inner margin bare; segment II with triangular pointed distomedial projection apically directed; ventral surface of distomedial projection with tuft thin, long and simple setae; segment III rectangular, distal margin slightly concave, length 0.6× width, covered with fine, long and simple setae on outer margin, dorsally with a row of 11 to 14 robust setae in different sizes near distal margin, ventrally with 10 to 12 robust spine-like setae in different sizes near distal margin. THORAX. Holotype pigment (Fig. 3A–C). Light yellow; femur with rounded brown mark on apical third. Foreleg (Fig. 5A–B). Femur: dorsal margin with one row of 11 to 13 concave and blunt long setae; apex with 2 concave and blunt long setae; ventral margin with one row of 6 to 8 elongated spine-like setae; posterior surface with one row of 8 to 10 elongated spine-like setae near ventral margin. Tibia: dorsal margin bare, ventral margin with one row of 8 to 10 spine-like setae. Patella-tibial suture present, from dorsal to ventral margin. Tarsus: dorsal margin bare, ventral margin with one row of 12 to 15 spine-like setae. Claw: 0.6–0.8× length of tarsus, row of denticules absent. Middle and hindleg similar to foreleg. ABDOMEN. Holotype pigment (Fig. 3A–C). Light yellow; terga I and II with medial brown mark; tergum V with lateral brown mark; tergum IX with brown mark on anterior margin; sterna VI–VIII with anterolateral light brown mark almost imperceptible; sternum IX with brown mark on lateral and anterior margin. Tergum IV (Fig. 5C). Terga surface covered by triangular scale-like projections and by micropores; posterior margin of tergum IV with triangular and pointed spines, in irregular sizes. Gill (Fig. 5D) apex rounded, trachea conspicuous; median length, extending to half of second subsequent tergum. Paraproct (Fig. 5E) with several marginal spines; posterolateral extension without spines. Cerci (Fig. 5F) short lateral spines on all segments. Paracercus (Fig. 5G) short lateral spines on all segments. Male imago INTERNAL GENITALIA (Fig. 5H). A pair of unistyligers cylindrical, completely separated one from another (us); sclerotized penial bridge articulated with the gonovectes and the X tergum abdominal (pb); pair of sclerotized gonovectes V-shaped, broad apex (gv) with an attached membrane on lateral parts (mb); a pair of gonovectal muscle goes from gonovectes apex to lateral parts of IX sternum (m.gv); a pair of median styligeral muscle goes from lateral parts of membrane to posterior margin of IX sternum (ms). Intraspecific variation of Apobaetis pasternakae sp. nov. Pigment variation THORAX. Light yellow, with short brown spots (Fig. 3D, F, 3J, M); brown mark covering almost completely the thorax (Fig. 3H); femur without marks (Fig. 3G); forewing pads with brown mark on basal third (Fig. 3H). ABDOMEN. Terga I–III with brown spots (Fig. 3D, F); terga I–X with short light brown marks (Fig. 3J); tergum I with medial brown mark, terga II and III with brown marks, terga IV–X with light brown spots (Fig. 3M); sterna VII and VIII with anterolateral brown mark (Fig. 3G); sterna I–VIII with anterolateral brown mark, sterna I–VIII with lateral brown mark (Fig. 3L, N); cerci e paracercus with light brown trio marks, alternating over of length (Fig. 3D, J, M). Morphological variation LENGTH. Body 2.2–3.1 mm.Published as part of De Lima, Cláudia R. T., Cruz, Paulo Vilela & Hamada, Neusa, 2023, Additions and corrections to taxonomy of Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2002 and Apobaetis kallawaya Nieto, 2006 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 136-161 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on pages 143-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2167, http://zenodo.org/record/815539
Fittkauimyia carranquensis Dantas & Hamada, 2013, new species
No full textFittkauimyia carranquensis new species (Figs. 4 –6) Type material. Holotype, male with pupal exuviae, Brazil, Minas Gerais State,Carrancas municipality, Pousada Sete Quedas, 21 º 27 ' 56.3 "S, 44 º 38 ' 40.6 "W, 20 /v/ 2012, in decayed leaves, G.P.S. Dantas, N. Hamada and L.M. Fusari (MZUSP, slide mounted in Euparal®). Diagnosis. The male of F. carranquensis sp. n. can be separated of all other species of the genus by the combination of iridescent eyes, acrostichals confined to the part anterior to the scutal tubercle, number of setae on tibial comb and pigmentation of the abdomen. The pupae can be distinguished by the combination of anal lobe fringe on both inner and outer border, lateral fringe with about 12 setae at the anterior half of segments II and 8–11 LS setae on segment VIII. Etymology. Named after the type locality, Carrancas municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Male (n = 1). Total length 4.74 mm. Wing length 2.62 mm. Total length/ wing length 1.81. Wing length/ length of profemur 2.01. General coloration brownish. Eyes iridescent. Head, antennas and wings brownish, thorax and legs brown. Abdomen: T I pale, anterior half of TII–VII with three areas of brown pigmentation, one central and two lateral, TVIII with two lateral areas of brown pigmentation, hypopygium brown (Fig. 4 D). Head (Fig. 4 A). AR 1.86. Thirteenth flagellomere 868 µm long. Apical flagellomere 87 µm long; 23 µm wide. Temporal setae 17. Clypeus with 19 setae. Tentorium 251 µm long. Palpomere lengths (1–5 in µm): 51; 56; 107; 213; 319. Thorax (Fig. 4 B). Scutal tubercle present. Acrostichals 18, distributed between the anterior end of the scutum and the scutal tubercle; dorsocentrals 23, in a single irregular row; prealars 10, in a Y-shape arrangement. Antepronotum with 3 setae. Scutellum with 17 setae, in two rows. Postnotum with 4 setae. Haltere with 14 setae. Wing (Fig. 4 C). VR 0.91. Membrane with dense covering of macrotrichia except for cells r, m, r 2 + 3 and cu; C produced beyond apex of R 4 + 5. Brachiolum with 8 setae. All veins with setae except for M-Cu. Squama with 21 setae. Legs. Spur of fore tibia 77 µm long, with 25 teeth; spurs of middle tibia 56 µm long, with approximately 12 teeth and 85 µm long, with 25 teeth; spurs of hind tibia 68 µm long, with 18 teeth and 70 µm long, with about 19 teeth. Tibial comb of 12 bristles on hind leg, the lateral larger than the central. Claws of fore and hind legs normal, sharply pointed; claws of middle leg spoon-shaped; pulvilli present. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs as in Table 3. Hypopygium (Fig. 5 A). Gonocoxite elongated, subcylindrical; 252 µm long; 96 µm wide; dorsal swellings well developed and setigerous. Gonostylus 143 µm long; with bristles along inner margin and in dorso-apical area, base covered by hair; megasetae 15 µm long. HR 1.76; HV 3.31. Pupa (n = 1). Total length 6.55 mm. Coloration: cephalothorax and abdomen brown. Cephalothorax. Thoracic horn (Fig. 6 A) 542 µm long and maximum width 240 µm; plastron plate 87 µm long, 117 µm wide. Thoracic membrane granulose. Abdomen (Fig. 6 C). Tergite I without shagreen; tergites II–VII with field of fine shagreen on central area; tergite VIII with large field of shagreen; genital sac of male with shagreen on basal half; shagreen spinules short, pointed distally, solitary or serially arranged in short transverse rows. Tergite I with 4 pairs of small D-setae, tergite II with 5 pairs of D-setae, these setae short and taeniate not represented in Fig. 6 C. D 1 -setae somewhat taeniate on tergite III, 174 µm long; sclerotized and spiniform on tergite IV–VII, 114, 120, 112 and 138 µm long respectively, all arising from a more or less distinct tubercle; basal tubercle of D 1 -seta large and with sclerotized beak on tergite III and IV (Fig. 6 B). D 2 - and D 3 -setae very long and arising from large tubercles on tergite III and IV (Fig. 6 B), short and not arising from tubercles on tergites V–VII, all taeniate. D 4 - and D 5 -setae short and taeniate on tergites III–VII. Segments I–VI with 2 pairs of taeniate L-setae, segment VII with 1 pair of taeniate L-setae, segment VIII with 8–11 taeniate L-setae. Lateral fringe with about 12 setae at the anterior half of segments II; with about 20–32 setae at the anterior half of segment III; about 65–100 setae along each entire lateral margin of segments IV–VII; segment III with a single additional setae in posterolateral corner. Anal lobe 502 µm long, wide not measurable because the anal lobe is damaged in the material examined (Fig. 6 C). Male genital sac 132 µm long. Female and larva unknown. Systematic remarks. The male imago of F.carranquensis sp. n. is similar to F. crypta and F. nipponica by having acrostichals distributed anterior to the scutal tubercle, iridescent eyes and well-developed antepronotum. However, it can be differentiated of F. crypta by the number of setae on tibial comb, number of acrostichals, values of LR and by the abdominal pigmentation. The last feature also distinguishes F. carranquensis sp. n. from F. nipponica. The pupa of F. carranquensis sp. n. resembles the pupa of F. crypta, but can be separated from this species by having 8–11 LS setae on segment VIII, while F. c r y p t a has 16–21. Notes on species biology. The specimen of Fittkauimyia carranquensis sp. n. was obtained from a pupa collected in decayed leaves accumulated on the bottom of a small stream. The stream where the specimen was collected has the following characteristics: altitude of 1140 m, temperature of 16.8 C, pH of 8.2 and conductivity of 3.7 μScm - 1. FIGURE 6. Fittkauimyia carranquensis sp. n. Pupa. A. Thoracic horn. B. Basal tubercle of D 1 -seta with sclerotized beak (left) and base of D 2 - and D 3 -setae (right) with large tubercles on tergite III. C. Abdomen, in dorsal view (anal lobes damaged).Published as part of Dantas, Galileu P. S. & Hamada, Neusa, 2013, Two new species of Fittkauimyia Karunakaran (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Brazil, pp. 573-582 in Zootaxa 3681 (5) on pages 578-581, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3681.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/22308
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