68,813 research outputs found
Exclusive dealing and compatibility of investments.
No full textWe examine a final product manufacturer's incentives to engage in exclusive dealing with an input supplier when both market sides invest in quality and bargain over their trading terms. Taking into account that the investments' compatibility can be higher under exclusive dealing we find, in contrast to previous literature, that bargaining power distribution plays a crucial role both for investment incentives and for incentives to adopt exclusive dealing. We also find that there exist cases in which although investments are higher under exclusive dealing, the manufacturer chooses non-exclusive dealing. Our welfare analysis indicates that the manufacturer's choice of exclusive dealing in equilibrium is never welfare detrimental.
EXCLUSIVE DEALING AND COMPATIBILITY OF INVESTMENTS
No full textWe examine a final product manufacturer's incentives to engage in exclusive dealing with an input supplier when both market sides invest in quality and bargain over their trading terms. Taking into account that the investments' compatibility can be higher under exclusive dealing we find, in contrast to previous literature, that bargaining power distribution plays a crucial role both for investment incentives and for incentives to adopt exclusive dealing. We also find that there exist cases in which although investments are higher under exclusive dealing, the manufacturer chooses non-exclusive dealing. Our welfare analysis indicates that the manufacturer's choice of exclusive dealing in equilibrium is never welfare detrimental.
Exclusive dealing and compatibility of investments
No full textWe examine a final product manufacturer's incentives to engage in exclusive dealing with an input supplier when both market sides invest in quality and bargain over their trading terms. Taking into account that the investments' compatibility can be higher under exclusive dealing we find, in contrast to previous literature, that bargaining power distribution plays a crucial role both for investment incentives and for incentives to adopt exclusive dealing. We also find that there exist cases in which although investments are higher under exclusive dealing, the manufacturer chooses non-exclusive dealing. Our welfare analysis indicates that the manufacturer's choice of exclusive dealing in equilibrium is never welfare detrimental
Insider dealing and market abuse: the UKs record on enforcement
No full textInsider dealing has been unlawful in the UK since 1980 and market abuse, of which insider dealing is just one form, since 2000. It is from this time when the FSA was established and the creation of these as civil offences that they could be pursued rigorously. It is the purpose of this article to examine the FSA’s record of enforcement relative to its estimated level of occurrence and the US experienceinsider dealing; market abuse; FSA
Exclusive dealing, entry, and mergers
No full textThis paper studies a model where exclusive dealing (ED) can both promote investment and foreclose a more efficient supplier. While investment promotion is usually regarded as a pro-competitive effect of ED, our paper shows that it may be the very reason why a contract that forecloses a more efficient supplier is signed. Absent the effect on investment, the contract would not be signed and foreclosure would not be a concern. For this reason, considering potential foreclosure and investment promotion in isolation and then summing them up may not be a suitable approach to assess the net effect of ED. The paper therefore invites a more cautious attitude towards accepting possible investment promotion arguments as a defence for ED.
RoMEO Studies 2: How academics wish to protect their open-access research paper
No full textThis paper is the second in a series of studies (see Gadd, E., C. Oppenheim, and S. Probets. RoMEO Studies 1: The impact of copyright ownership on author-self-archiving. Journal of Documentation. 59(3) 243-277) emanating from the UK JISC-funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open-archiving). It considers the protection for research papers afforded by UK copyright law, and by e-journal licences. It compares this with the protection required by academic authors for open-access research papers as discovered by the RoMEO academic author survey. The survey used the Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) as a framework for collecting views from 542 academics as to the permissions, restrictions, and conditions they wanted to assert over their works. Responses from self-archivers and non-archivers are compared. Concludes that most academic authors are primarily interested in preserving their moral rights, and that the protection offered research papers by copyright law is way in excess of that required by most academics. It also raises concerns about the level of protection enforced by e-journal licence agreement
Open Access to Research: Changing Researcher Behavior Through University and Funder Mandates
No full textThe primary target of the worldwide Open Access initiative is the 2.5 million articles published every year in the planet's 25,000 peer-reviewed research journals across all scholarly and scientific fields. Without exception, every one of these articles is an author give-away, written, not for royalty income, but solely to be used, applied and built upon by other researchers. The optimal and inevitable solution for this give-away research is that it should be made freely accessible to all its would-be users online and not only to those whose institutions can afford subscription access to the journal in which it happens to be published. Yet this optimal and inevitable solution, already fully within the reach of the global research community for at least two decades now, has been taking a remarkably long time to be grasped. The problem is not particularly an instance of "eDemocracy" one way or the other; it is an instance of inaction because of widespread misconceptions (reminiscent of Zeno's Paradox). The solution is for the world's research institutions and funders to (1) extend their existing "publish or perish" mandates so as to (2) require their employees and fundees to maximize the usage and impact of the research they are employed and funded to conduct and publish by (3) depositing their final drafts in their Open Access (OA) Institutional Repositories immediately upon acceptance for publication in order to (4) make their findings freely accessible to all their potential users webwide. OA metrics can then be used to measure and reward research progress and impact; and multiple layers of links, tags, commentary and discussion can be built upon and integrated with the primary research
Dealing with Heritage: Assessment and Conservation
No full textConservation of built heritage implies the preservation of values, materials and techniques. Interventions in heritage buildings should be minimal, necessary and compatible in aesthetical and technical sense. The quality of the interventions needs to meet intended and agreed-to standards.This book underlines the importance of a sound assessment of the values of a historic building and its technical state of conservation before planning an intervention. How indispensable this step is, is shown by selected examples of building materials and relevant parts of historic buildings. Moisture-induced damage processes and solutions to tackle them have been discussed using the examples of rising damp and surface treatment. The considerations on how and when to maintain and conserve a historic material such as natural stone have been reviewed. The importance of an integrated approach to conservation has been explained, focusing on windows and glazing.Knowledge on specific building materials, building components, damage types and damaging mechanisms as well as methodologies for conservation are presented. The topics have deliberately been chosen to illustrate the wide range of aspects which need to be dealt with in conservation of built heritage. Although discussed from a Western European perspective – as shown by the materials and specific components examined - the aim is to present a valid and broadly applicable approach.Historic monuments conservation demands a specific, transdisciplinary and holistic approach, which can be visualized as a circular decision-making process instead of a linear one, which would benefit the maintenance of non-monumental buildings too. This includes the involvement of owners and end users. The presented methods and methodologies illustrate the possibilities for such a circular approach in research and decision making, when dealing with cultural historical values and technical design solutions.This book has been made to not only transfer knowledge, but also to convey an attitude in approaching the manifold aspects of dealing with our valuable built heritage to new generations of architects.It is expected that digital support tools for survey, monitoring, diagnosis, documentation and decision making will be developed, to further facilitate the architects of the future and other stakeholders handing our heritage over to the next generation.Heritage preservation is not only a technical but also a socio-cultural challenge.Heritage & Technolog
A Basic Set of Mental Models for Understanding and Dealing with the CyberSecurity Challenges of Today
No full textFor most people, cybersecurity is a difficult notion to grasp. Traditionally, cybersecurity has been considered a technical challenge, and still many specialists understand it as information security, with the notions of confidentiality, integrity, and availability as its foundation. Although many have searched for different and broader perspectives, the complexity and ambiguity of the notion still thwarts a common understanding. While the author was developing and executing a MSc cybersecurity program for professionals with a wide variety of backgrounds and widely differing views on cybersecurity, the lack of a common understanding of cybersecurity was clearly evident. Based on these observations, the author began seeking and defining a new, transdisciplinary conceptualization of cybersecurity that can be widely agreed upon. It resulted in the publication of three scientific papers. This paper is an amalgam of the contents of the three supplemented with some extensions. It turned out that the previously introduced description of two key notions, cyberspace and cybersecurity, is still an adequate starting point. Described here is a set of additional mental models elaborating on these key notions and providing more detail on their meanings. The research suggests that this set of mental models strongly supports the description and analysis of current cybersecurity challenges and helps people understand how everyone, in his or her various roles, can contribute to reducing the related cyber risks. These claims are supported by presenting the modeling and analysis approaches of various MSc-thesis research projects executed by students when working on practical cybersecurity problems both within and outside their organisations. The author further discovered that, for a limited set of cybersecurity challenges, it was not yet possible to identify adequate mental models; this defines the agenda for future research.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Information and Communication TechnologyCyber Securit
Eastern Europe's experience with banking reform : is there a role for banks in the transition?
No full textAre there lessons to be learned about how Eastern European countries have dealt with problems in their banking systems? What role have these countries assigned to banks during the transition? How have they used banks in dealing with the enterprise problem? The author addresses these questions by analyzing experience in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the former Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. Most of these countries have made substantial progress in restructuring their banking systems, but few have used their banking systems to improve the allocation of credit and hence stimulate the supply response. The author finds the following. The problem is not whether banks hold nonperforming loans but how banks can avoid accumulating more nonperforming loans. The underlying problem is how to close loss-making and nonviable enterprises. The countries that have encouraged the establishment of new private banks, that have introduced regulation and supervision, and that have tried to make banks more competitive have been more successful at improving the allocation of credit and achieving more control over loss-making enterprises. Banks must focus on assessing risk - and for this, capital, private ownership, and adequate regulation are crucial. How quickly banks achieve independence in credit decisions depends on how fast new governance structures can be introduced. In this, the five countries have been less successful. The objectives of bank recapitulation should be to prevent banks from accumulating more nonperforming loans (that is, dealing with the enterprise problem) and to give them the governance structure that would prevent them from incurring new nonperforming loans. This requires introducing a system of risk and reward - by making banks comply with capital adequacy requirements, by privatizing a critical number of banks, and by introducing strong regulation and supervision. Government should see that banks provide efficient payment systems, the basis for trust in banking systems. Introducing adequate regulation and supervision has been difficult as it requires knowing what the banks'role should be. Evidence strongly supports the need to recapitalize and privatize a critical number of banks. Authorities cannot rely on banks to exert control on enterprises early in the transition. In the early stages, control over state-owned enterprises should be exercised by a semipublic institution.Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Municipal Financial Management,Banking Law
- …
