93,974 research outputs found
Mindblindness. Metaphor and Neuroaesthetics in the Works of Silas Weir Mitchell and Simon Baron-Cohen
No full textSilas Weir Mitchell\u27s novel, when All the Woods are Green (1894), acknowledges the medical use of mindblindness (agnosia) but also casts it as a developmental disorder, bringing it provocatively close to how current neuropsychologist, Simon Baron-Cohen and his followers use the term in relation to autism. This chapter traces the mindblindess metaphor in the works of Mitchell and Baron-Cohen to show how mindblindness informs the larger paradigms by which they theorize the brain. This analysis suggests that Baron-Cohen, and thus much current thinking about autism spectrum conditions, is influenced by Victorian-era cultural assumptions and neurosexism, a connection that calls for scrutiny of Baron-Cohen\u27s current models of the brain and theories of autism. This chapter also demonstrates the extent to which Mitchell used fiction and advocated writing as neuroaesthetic tools and thus bridged in his work cognitive science and aesthetics-a connection that current scholars of neuroaesthetics are now theorizing
Systematizing and Hypersystematizing Persons from the Autistic Spectrum in the Invention Theory “if-and-then” Simon Baron-Cohen – Educational Contexts
No full textTreść artykułu jest oparta na najnowszej teorii ludzkiej wynalazczości, autorstwa Simona Barona-Cohena (2021). Autor jest przekonany, że osoby ze spektrum autyzmu
posiadają wyspecjalizowane, systematyzujące umysły. Nadaje im nazwę „urodzeni poszukiwacze wzorów”. Tworzą oni fundament dla ludzkiej cywilizacji, wykazując
się „umiłowaniem logiki” (Baron-Cohen, 2021, s. 15). Precyzja i skłonność do klasyfikowania u takich osób wynika z potrzeby zrozumienia otaczającej rzeczywistości
w procesie odmiennej preferencji do uczenia się. Badacz przeformułował sposób rozumienia autystycznego spektrum w naukach społecznych i humanistycznych, osadzając go w koncepcji neuroróżnorodności. Simon Baron-Cohen zainicjował debatę nad zmianą sposobu myślenia jako elementu przejścia z medyczno-diagnostycznego rozumienia autystycznego spektrum, jako zaburzenia, niepełnosprawności na rzecz wyspecjalizowanej wyjątkowości w sposobie interpretacji rzeczywistości, dostrzegalnej u osób ze spektrum autyzmu.The article is based on the latest theory of human inventiveness by Simon Baron-
-Cohen (2021). The author is convinced that people on the autism spectrum have specialized minds that systematize. He calls them “born pattern seekers”. They create
the foundations of human civilization, demonstrating a “love of logic” (Baron-Cohen, 2021, p. 15). The precision and tendency to classify demonstrated by such people
results from the need to understand the surrounding reality in the process of different preferences for learning. The researcher reformulated the understanding of the
autism spectrum in social sciences and humanities, embedding it in the concept of neurodiversity. Simon Baron-Cohen initiated a debate on changing the way of thinking about autism – a transition from the medical-diagnostic understanding of autism as a disorder or disability to understanding it as a specialized uniqueness in the way of interpreting reality, noticeable in people on the autism [email protected] Doktorantka Szkoły Doktorskiej Akademii Ignatianum w KrakowieBaron-Cohen, S. (2021). Poszukiwacze wzorów. Autyzm a ludzka wynalazczość. Przekł. A. Nowak-Młynkowska. Sopot: Smak Słowa.Baron-Cohen, S. (2002). The extreme male brain theory of autism. Trends in Cognitive Science, 6, 248–254.Baron-Cohen, S. (2006). The hyper-systemizing, assortative mating theory of autism. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 30(5), 865–872.Baron-Cohen, S. (2006). Two new theories of autism: Hyper-systemizing and assortative mating. Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 91(1), 2–5.Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S. (2004). An exact mind: An artist with Asperger Syndrome. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Buzsaki, G., Llinas, R. (2017). Spice and time in the brain. Science, 358(6362), 482–485.Carcani-Rathwell, I., Rabe-Hasheth, S., Santosh, P.J. (2006). Repetitive and stereotyped behaviours in pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(6), 573–581.Henshilwood, Ch.S., d’Errico, F., Yates, R., Jacobs, Z. (2002). Emergence of Modern Human Behavior: Middle Stone Age Engravings from South Africa. Science, 295(5558), 1278–1280. DOI: 10.1126/science.1067575.Herschlovitz, I. i in. (2018). The earliest modern outside Africa. Science, 359, 456–459. DOI: 10.1126/science.aap8369.Hickey, M., Clive, C. (1997). Common families of flowering plants. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Skinner, B.F. (1995). Zachowanie się organizmów. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.White, T.D., Asfaw, B., DeGusta, D., Gilbert, H., Richards, G.D., Suwa, G., Howell, F.C. (2003). Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature, 423, 742–747.Jemielniak, D., Miłkowski, M. (red.). (2021). Wielki słownik angielsko-polski. Pozyskano z: https://ling.pl/slownik/ /angielsko-polski/big [dostęp: 23.11.2021].Kenneally, Ch. (2020). Does Autism Hold the Key to What Makes Human Special?. The New York Times, 08.12.2020. Pozyskano z: https://www.nytymes.com/2020/12/08/books/review/pattern-seekers-simon-baron-cohen-autism.html {dostęp: 23.11.2021].The Royal Institution. (2021). The Pattern Seeker: A New Theory of Human Invention–with Simon Baron-Cohen. Pozyskano z: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68mGRb-Mzjc[dostęp: 23.11.2021].2(16)304
Letter from William S. Cohen, U.S. Senator
No full textLetter from William S. Cohen, U.S. Senator for Maine, congratulating her on her honorary doctorate in humane letters from the Rhode Island College.https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/giguere-awards/1023/thumbnail.jp
Upper Cohen-Macaulay Dimension
No full textIn this paper, we define a homological invariant for finitely generated modules over a commutative noetherian local ring, which we call upper Cohen-Macaulay dimension. This invariant is quite similar to Cohen-Macaulay dimension that has been introduced by Gerko. Also we
define a homological invariant with respect to a local homomorphism of local rings. This invariant links upper Cohen-Macaulay dimension with Gorenstein dimension.</p
Fogler Library: William S. Cohen Lecture with Bob Woodward
No full textVideo recording of the 2007 conversation between William S. Cohen and Bob Woodward about the Watergate Investigations. The Cohen Lecture Series began in 1997 with the deposit of 1300 boxes of Cohen\u27s papers to Raymond H. Fogler Library Special Collections. The Cohen collection documents over 25 years of Mr. Cohen\u27s service to Maine and the United States. The Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein Watergate Papers are held at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/umaine_video/1024/thumbnail.jp
Plan of Sir Charles Nicholson's property, East Collingwood [cartographic material] : for sale by Messrs. S.H. Cohen & Co., at their rooms, Wednesday, May 11th.
No full textCadastral map showing allotments and streets in area now part of Abbotsford. Block numbers and prices written as ms. annotations.; "S.H." is ms. annonation above blocked out text between "Messrs." and "Cohen".; "G. Woodward, surveyor, 28, Collins Street".; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-rm1640g
Absence of Embodied Empathy During Pain Observation in Asperger Syndrome
No full textBackground: Asperger syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental condition within the autism spectrum conditions (ASC) characterized by specific difficulties in communication, social interaction, and empathy that is essential for sharing and understanding others' feelings and emotions. Although reduced empathy is considered a core feature of ASC, neurophysiological evidence of empathic deficits before and below mentalizing and perspective taking is lacking, We explored whether people with AS differ from neurotypical control participants in their empathic corticospinal response to the observation of others' pain and the modulatory role played by phenomenal experience of observed pain and personality traits.
Methods: Sixteen right-handed men with AS (aged 28.0 +/- 7.2 years) and 20 neurotypical controls (aged 25.3 +/- 6.7 years) age, sex, and IQ matched, underwent single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation during observation of painful and nonpainful stimuli affecting another individual.
Results: When observing other's pain, participants with AS, in contrast to neurotypical control participants, did not show any amplitude reduction of motor-evoked potentials recorded from the muscle vicariously affected by pain, nor did their neurophysiological response correlate with imagined pain sensory qualities. Participants with AS represented others' pain in relation to the self-oriented arousal experienced while watching pain videos.
Conclusions: Finding no embodiment of others' pain provides neurophysiological evidence for reduced empathic resonance in people with AS and indicates that their empathic difficulties involve not only cognitive dimensions but also sensorimotor resonance with others. We suggest that absence of embodied empathy may be linked to changes at very basic levels of neural processing
Overlooked systems in S. Baron-Cohen's gender research
No full textThe professor of psychopathology Simon Baron-Cohen claims that males are on average stronger at systematizing than empathizing and females are on average stronger at empathizing than systematizing. Systematizing is defined as the drive to construct or understand systems. In this paper, I observe that Baron-Cohen overlooks certain examples of systems, examples which lead to doubts about his claim
Overlooked systems in S. Baron-Cohen's gender research
No full textThe professor of psychopathology Simon Baron-Cohen claims that males are on average stronger at systematizing than empathizing and females are on average stronger at empathizing than systematizing. Systematizing is defined as the drive to construct or understand systems. In this paper, I observe that Baron-Cohen overlooks certain examples of systems, examples which lead to doubts about his claim
Does teaching a theory of mind have an effect on social communication in children with autism?
No full textThe present research examined whether teaching children with autism to pass tasks that assess mental state understanding had any positive effects on communication. Two aspects of communication previously shown to be deficient in children with autism were considered. These are conversational ability, in particular the ability to expand on conversation, and the use of mental state terms in speech. Results showed that no discernible improvement was seen on either measure of communication following mental state teaching. Discussion centers on real versus superficial changes in understanding mental states as a result of teaching
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