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Perceptions Paysannes et Caractérisation de la Motorisation des Exploitations Agricoles dans la Commune de Kétou
Get PDFDans la Commune de Kétou, le recours aux machines agricoles par les paysans reste encore très faible. La force de travail dépend dans une large majorité de la force physique avec l’utilisation d’outils archaïques et sommaires comme la houe pour exécuter les différentes opérations culturales. Pour cause, le coût des tracteurs et celui des outils d’accompagnement sont bien au-delà des capacités financières de la plupart de ces exploitants. Ainsi entre cherté des machines, analphabétisme, cherté de la location des machines, rareté des tracteurs à louer, les paysans de cette Commune doivent mettre en place un fonds de roulement pour pallier au coût élevé de la maintenance/réparation. La présente recherche vise à analyser les perceptions paysannes et la caractérisation de la motorisation des exploitations agricoles dans la Commune de Kétou. L’approche méthodologique adoptée s’articule autour de la collecte des données, leur traitement et à l’analyse des résultats. Les données socio-économiques et démographiques des producteurs, le type et la nature des équipements pré et post-récolte utilisés, le degré de satisfaction ont été collectées à l’aide des questionnaires et de guide d’entretien auprès d’un échantillon de 135 paysans utilisant ou non des machines agricoles. La perception des populations sur les facteurs de la faible motorisation agricole a été analysée à partir de l’ Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances (AFC). L’analyse de la caractérisation de la motorisation des exploitations agricoles a été faite grâce aux statistiques descriptives et au calcul de pourcentage dans des tableaux croisés. Les résultats obtenus montrent que 46 % des enquêtés reconnaissent que les équipements agricoles modernes participent à la célérité des opérations de défrichements et de labours et 32 % pensent qu’elles favorisent l’accroissement de la production et même des rendements agricoles. Pour 22 % des paysans interrogés, le recours à la motorisation limite l’appel à la main-d’œuvre. Toutefois, le niveau d’appréciation de la motorisation agricole est diversement apprécié dans la Commune allant de très important, important, peu important et pas du tout important avec des taux de réponses respectifs de l’ordre de 68 %, 21 %, 8 % et 3 %. Nonobstant cela, 28,9 % des paysans ont regretté la cherté des machines et 20 % ont évoqué la cherté de la location de ces machines. Toutes ces raisons expliquent leur réticence à la motorisation des opérations culturales et leur attachement aux outils rudimentaires. Dans l’ensemble, les besoins en mécanisation restent grands et se traduisent par le nombre impressionnant des opérations agricoles qui nécessitent l’usage des machines agricoles. C’est le cas des operations de préparation du sol (43 %), labour (31 %), herbicidage (15 %) et désherbage sarclage (7 %).
In the municipality of Ketou, the use of agricultural machinery by peasants is still very low. The working force depends for the most part on physical strength with the use of archaic and summary tools such as the hoe to carry out the various cultivation operations. For good reason, the cost of tractors and the accompanying tools are far beyond the financial capabilities of most of these operators. Thus, between the high cost of machines, illiteracy, the high cost of renting machines, and the scarcity of tractors for rent, the peasants of this municipality must set up a working capital to compensate for the high cost of maintenance/repair. The present research aims to analyze peasant perceptions and the characterization of the motorization of agricultural farms in the Municipality of Ketou. The methodological approach adopted revolves around the collection of data, their processing, and the analysis of the results. The socioeconomic and demographic data of the producers, the type and nature of the pre-and post-harvest equipment used, and the degree of satisfaction were collected using questionnaires and maintenance guides from a sample of 135 farmers using agricultural machinery or not. The perception of the populations on the factors of low agricultural motorization was analyzed from the Correspondence Factor Analysis (AFC). The analysis of the characterization of the motorization of agricultural farms was made thanks to descriptive statistics and percentage calculation in cross tables. The results obtained show that 46% of the respondents recognize that modern agricultural equipment contributes to the speed of clearing and plowing operations and 32% believe that they favor the increase of production and even agricultural yields. For 22% of the farmers surveyed, the use of motorization limits the call for labor. However, the level of appreciation of agricultural motorization is variously appreciated in the Municipality ranging from very important, important, unimportant, and not at all important with respective response rates of the order of 68%, 21%, 8%, and 3%. Notwithstanding this, 28.9% of the peasants regretted the high cost of the machines and 20% mentioned the high cost of renting these machines. All these reasons explain their reluctance to motorize cultivation operations and their attachment to rudimentary tools. Overall, the needs for mechanization remain great and are reflected in the impressive number of agricultural operations that require the use of agricultural machinery. This is the case for soil preparation operations (43%), plowing (31%), herbicide application (15%), and weeding (7%)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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