157 research outputs found
Aspects of Accuracy, Scanning Angle Optimization, and Intensity Calibration Related to Nationwide Laser Scanning
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Publication 1: Ahokas, E., Kaartinen, H., Hyyppä, J. 2004. A quality assessment of repeated airborne laser scanner observations. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, Vol. XXXV, part B3, pp. 237-242. ISSN 1682-1750.
Publication 2: Ahokas, E., Hyyppä, J., Kaartinen, H., Kukko, A., Kaasalainen, S., Krooks, A. 2010. The effect of biomass and scanning angle on laser beam transmittance. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vienna, Austria, Vol. XXXVIII(7A), pp. 1-6. ISSN 1682-1777. http://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVIII/part7/a/pdf/1_XXXVIII-part7A.pdf
Publication 3: Ahokas, E., Hyyppä, J., Yu, X., Holopainen, M. 2011. Transmittance of Airborne Laser Scanning Pulses for Boreal Forest Elevation Modeling. Remote Sensing. 3, 1365-1379. ISSN 2072-4292. http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/7/1365/
Publication 4: Kaasalainen, S., Ahokas, E., Hyyppä, J., Suomalainen, J. 2005. Study of surface brightness from backscattered laser intensity: Calibration of laser data. IEEE Geoscience and remote sensing letters, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 255-259, ISSN 1545-598X.
Publication 5: Ahokas, E., Kaasalainen, S., Hyyppä, J., Suomalainen, J. 2006. Calibration of the Optech ALTM 3100 laser scanner intensity data using brightness targets. ISPRS Commission I Symposium, Paris Marne-la-Vallee, 4-6 July 2006, ISPRS Volume XXXVI Part 1/A. pp. 14-20. CD-ROM publication. Also in Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, No. 182, (2006-2), pp. 10-16.
Publication 6: Honkavaara, E., Peltoniemi J., Ahokas, E., Kuittinen R., Hyyppä, J., Jaakkola, J., Kaartinen, H., Markelin, L., Nurminen, K., Suomalainen, J. 2008. A Permanent Test Field for Digital Photogrammetric Systems. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. Vol. 74, No. 1, pp. 95-106.Airborne laser scanning is a technique that produces three-dimensional coordinates of the Earth’s surface as well as generating intensity values. Nationwide airborne laser scanning was launched in Finland in 2008 and some 180 000 km2 had been scanned by the end of 2012. While the main goal in this endeavour is to produce an accurate digital elevation/terrain model (2 x 2 m2 grid size) of the whole of the country, other applications, e.g. forestry, will benefit from the data as well. This study deals with the accuracy of airborne laser scanning, the optimization of the scanning angle, and the calibration of intensity.
Accuracy assessments of airborne laser scanning have shown that the geometric accuracy of the method can fulfill the accuracy requirements for producing a nationwide digital elevation model with a grid of 2 x 2 m2.
When studying the effect of scanning angle and biomass on elevation modeling capability, it was found that it would be possible to increase the scanning angle applied in Finland’s nationwide laser scanning. Even though the accuracy of the elevation model in the conditions prevailing in Finland allows increasing of the scanning angle, other applications would most probably not benefit from this. For example, these same data are sometimes used in nationwide forest inventory in Finland.
A method for relative and absolute calibration of airborne laser scanning intensity was developed. The portable reference targets have proved their usefulness for calibration purposes. An intensity correction method should be used in pre-processing the airborne laser data. As a result of this, the usability of the intensity values may increase in practical applications, such as in classification.
The studies constituting this dissertation have already impacted on the practical aspects of the nationwide airborne laser scanning dealing with accuracy assessment, the work done in the field of intensity calibration, and scanning angle analysis may have a further impact on nationwide laser scanning in the coming years. The optimization of airborne laser scanning flight parameters for multi-use nationwide laser scanning is a topic deserving further research.Ilmasta tehtävä laserkeilaus tuottaa 3D-koordinaatteja maan pinnalta sekä intensiteettiarvoja. Suomen valtakunnallinen laserkeilaus aloitettiin vuonna 2008 ja noin 180000 km2 oli keilattu vuoden 2012 loppuun mennessä. Vaikka päätarkoituksena on tuottaa tarkka digitaalinen korkeus/maastomalli (2 x 2 m2 ruutukoko) koko maasta, muutkin sovellukset, kuten metsätalous, hyötyvät tästä aineistosta.
Tämä tutkimus käsittelee ilmasta tehtävän laserkeilauksen tarkkuutta, keilauskulman optimointia sekä intensiteetin kalibrointia.
Laserkeilauksen tarkkuusarviointi on osoittanut, että menetelmän geometrinen tarkkuus täyttää valtakunnallisen digitaalisen korkeusmallin tuottamisen tarkkuusvaatimukset. Kun tutkittiin keilauskulman ja biomassan vaikutusta korkeusmallin tuottamiseen, huomattiin että olisi mahdollista kasvattaa valtakunnallisen laserkeilauksen havaintokulmaa. Vaikka korkeusmallin tarkkuus mahdollistaisi Suomen oloissa keilauskulman kasvattamisen, muut sovellukset eivät luultavasti hyötyisi tästä. Esimerkiksi tätä samaa aineistoa käytetään Suomen valtakunnallisessa metsien inventoinnissa.
Laserkeilauksen intensiteetin suhteellista ja absoluuttista kalibrointia varten kehitettiin menetelmä. Siirrettävät referenssikohteet osoittivat käyttökelpoisuutensa intensiteetin kalibroinnissa. Intensiteetin kalibrointimenetelmää tulisi käyttää laserkeilausaineiston esikäsittelyssä. Tämän tuloksena intensiteettiarvojen käyttökelpoisuus kasvaisi käytännön sovelluksissa, kuten luokittelussa.
Tämän väitöskirjan muodostaneet tutkimukset ovat jo käytännössä vaikuttaneet valtakunnallisen laserkeilauksen tarkkuusarvioinnissa. Intensiteetin kalibrointityö ja keilauskulman analysointi vaikuttanevat valtakunnalliseen laserkeilaukseen tulevina vuosina. Lisätutkimusta tarvitaan ilmasta tehtävän laserkeilauksen lentoparametrien optimoimiseksi monikäyttöistä valtakunnallista laserkeilausta varten
Tarkkuuden, keilauskulman optimoinnin ja intensiteetin kalibroinnin näkökulmia valtakunnallisen laserkeilauksen kannalta
No full textAirborne laser scanning is a technique that produces three-dimensional coordinates of the Earth’s surface as well as generating intensity values. Nationwide airborne laser scanning was launched in Finland in 2008 and some 180 000 km2 had been scanned by the end of 2012. While the main goal in this endeavour is to produce an accurate digital elevation/terrain model (2 x 2 m2 grid size) of the whole of the country, other applications, e.g. forestry, will benefit from the data as well. This study deals with the accuracy of airborne laser scanning, the optimization of the scanning angle, and the calibration of intensity.
Accuracy assessments of airborne laser scanning have shown that the geometric accuracy of the method can fulfill the accuracy requirements for producing a nationwide digital elevation model with a grid of 2 x 2 m2.
When studying the effect of scanning angle and biomass on elevation modeling capability, it was found that it would be possible to increase the scanning angle applied in Finland’s nationwide laser scanning. Even though the accuracy of the elevation model in the conditions prevailing in Finland allows increasing of the scanning angle, other applications would most probably not benefit from this. For example, these same data are sometimes used in nationwide forest inventory in Finland.
A method for relative and absolute calibration of airborne laser scanning intensity was developed. The portable reference targets have proved their usefulness for calibration purposes. An intensity correction method should be used in pre-processing the airborne laser data. As a result of this, the usability of the intensity values may increase in practical applications, such as in classification.
The studies constituting this dissertation have already impacted on the practical aspects of the nationwide airborne laser scanning dealing with accuracy assessment, the work done in the field of intensity calibration, and scanning angle analysis may have a further impact on nationwide laser scanning in the coming years. The optimization of airborne laser scanning flight parameters for multi-use nationwide laser scanning is a topic deserving further research.Ilmasta tehtävä laserkeilaus tuottaa 3D-koordinaatteja maan pinnalta sekä intensiteettiarvoja. Suomen valtakunnallinen laserkeilaus aloitettiin vuonna 2008 ja noin 180000 km2 oli keilattu vuoden 2012 loppuun mennessä. Vaikka päätarkoituksena on tuottaa tarkka digitaalinen korkeus/maastomalli (2 x 2 m2 ruutukoko) koko maasta, muutkin sovellukset, kuten metsätalous, hyötyvät tästä aineistosta.
Tämä tutkimus käsittelee ilmasta tehtävän laserkeilauksen tarkkuutta, keilauskulman optimointia sekä intensiteetin kalibrointia.
Laserkeilauksen tarkkuusarviointi on osoittanut, että menetelmän geometrinen tarkkuus täyttää valtakunnallisen digitaalisen korkeusmallin tuottamisen tarkkuusvaatimukset. Kun tutkittiin keilauskulman ja biomassan vaikutusta korkeusmallin tuottamiseen, huomattiin että olisi mahdollista kasvattaa valtakunnallisen laserkeilauksen havaintokulmaa. Vaikka korkeusmallin tarkkuus mahdollistaisi Suomen oloissa keilauskulman kasvattamisen, muut sovellukset eivät luultavasti hyötyisi tästä. Esimerkiksi tätä samaa aineistoa käytetään Suomen valtakunnallisessa metsien inventoinnissa.
Laserkeilauksen intensiteetin suhteellista ja absoluuttista kalibrointia varten kehitettiin menetelmä. Siirrettävät referenssikohteet osoittivat käyttökelpoisuutensa intensiteetin kalibroinnissa. Intensiteetin kalibrointimenetelmää tulisi käyttää laserkeilausaineiston esikäsittelyssä. Tämän tuloksena intensiteettiarvojen käyttökelpoisuus kasvaisi käytännön sovelluksissa, kuten luokittelussa.
Tämän väitöskirjan muodostaneet tutkimukset ovat jo käytännössä vaikuttaneet valtakunnallisen laserkeilauksen tarkkuusarvioinnissa. Intensiteetin kalibrointityö ja keilauskulman analysointi vaikuttanevat valtakunnalliseen laserkeilaukseen tulevina vuosina. Lisätutkimusta tarvitaan ilmasta tehtävän laserkeilauksen lentoparametrien optimoimiseksi monikäyttöistä valtakunnallista laserkeilausta varten
Ryhmäkeskeisyydestä moniarvoisuuteen: Ryhmienvälinen reflektiivinen tieto [in Finnish, From Group-Centrism to Pluralism: An Intergroup Approach to Reflexive Knowledge].
No full textAbility of Lactobacillus and Propionibacterium strains to remove aflatoxin B1 from the chicken duodenum
No full textThe ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains GG and LC-705 to remove AFB1 from the intestinal luminal liquid medium has been tested in vivo using a chicken intestinal loop technique. In this study, the GG strain of L. rhamnosus decreased AFB1 concentration by 54% in the soluble fraction of the luminal fluid within 1 min. This strain was more efficient in binding AFB1 compared with L. rhamnosus strain LC-705 (P < 0.05) that removed 44% of AFB1 under similar conditions. Accumulation of AFB1 into the intestinal tissue was also determined. There was a 74% reduction in the uptake of AFB1 by the intestinal tissue, in the presence of L. rhamnosus strain GG compared with 63% and 37% in the case of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS and L. rhamnosus strain LC-705, respectively. The complexes formed in vitro between either L. rhamnosus strain GG or L. rhamnosus strain LC-705 and AFB1 were stable under the luminal conditions for a period of 1 h.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
Characterization of a novel OX40 ligand and CD40 ligand-expressing oncolytic adenovirus used in the PeptiCRAd cancer vaccine platform
No full textYlösmäki et al. develop an oncolytic adenovirus expressing immunostimulatory cytokines OX40L and CD40L. This virus was tested in a peptide-based cancer vaccine platform called PeptiCRAd. Intratumoral administration of PeptiCRAd induced systemic and intratumoral tumor-specific T cell responses, reduced tumor growth, and sensitized tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to bind a common food carcinogen, aflatoxin B1
No full textThis study was conducted to examine the ability of selected dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to remove aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from liquid media. Both Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LBGG) and L. rhamnosus strain LC-705 (LC705) can significantly (P > 0.05) remove AFB1 when compared with that by other strains of either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Removal of AFB1 by LBGG and LC705 was a rapid process with approximately 80% AFB1 removed at 0 hr. Removal of AFB1 by these two strains was both temperature and bacterial concentration dependent.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
Summary results from a pilot study conducted around an oil production platform on the Northwest shelf of Australia
No full textThe Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) conducted a pilot study around the Harriet A oil production platform oil the Northwest Shelf of Australia. We evaluated hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylse (EROD) activity, fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in bile and immunodetection of CYP1A-like proteins in two Australian tropical fish species, Gold-Spotted Trevally (Carangoides fulvoguttatus) and Bar-Cheeked Coral Trout (Plectropomus maculalus) to assess exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons associated with produced formation water (PFW). Additionally, the incidence of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria isolated from the liver and bile of all fish captured was examined. Low EROD activity was found in both species, with EROD activity in C fulvoguttatus showing significant site differences. FACs and CYP1A protein levels in C. fulvoguttatus showed a clear trend in hydrocarbon exposure consistent with hydrocarbon chemistry data: Harriet A > Harriet C > reference site. P. maculatus showed elevated levels of FACs at Harriet A as compared to the reference site and demonstrated detectable levels of CYP1A-like proteins at these two sites. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were found in the liver and bile of both species, yet there was no correlation by sites. Our results demonstrate that C fulvoguttatus and P. maculatus have potential as indicator species for assessing the effects from exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons. Both FACs and CYP1A Lire providing warning signs that there is potential for biological effects oil fish populations exposed to PFW around the Harriet A production platform. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.PT: J; CR: *UNEP, 1992, REF METH MAR POLL ST, V20 BRUMLEY CM, 1996, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V33, P253 BRUMLEY CM, 1998, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V39, P147 BURKE MD, 1974, DRUG METAB DISPOS, V2, P583 BURNS KA, 1999, ESTUAR COAST SHELF S, V49, P853 BURNS KA, 1999, MAR POLLUT BULL, V38, P593 BURNS KA, 2001, ORG GEOCHEM, V32, P1241 CODI S, 2001, PROJECT 636 PILOT ST COLLIER TK, 1995, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V14, P154 EDWARDS AJ, 1988, MAR ENVIRON RES, V26, P299 FURNAS MJ, 1999, ESTUAR COAST SHELF S, V49, P165 GOEDEN GB, 1978, QUEENSLAND FISHERIES, V1, P1 HAASCH ML, 1993, FUND APPL TOXICOL, V20, P72 HELLOU J, 1988, B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX, V41, P101 HOLDWAY D, 1998, AUSTR PETROLEUM PROD, V38, P665 HOLDWAY DA, 1993, 47 APP ANN GEN C ROT, P779 HOLDWAY DA, 1994, MAR POLLUT BULL, V28, P683 HOLDWAY DA, 1995, AUST J ECOL, V20, P34 HOVLAND M, 1994, MAR PETROL GEOL, V11, P232 IMBER BE, 1995, MAR POLLUT BULL, V30, P558 KENNICUTT MC, 1996, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V53, P2540 KENNICUTT MC, 1996, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V53, P2554 KING BA, 1998, AUSTR PETROLEUM PROD, V38, P681 KRAHN MM, 1987, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V16, P511 KRAHN MM, 1992, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V26, P116 KRAHN MM, 1993, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V27, P699 KRAHN MM, 1993, MAR POLLUT BULL, V27, P285 LOWRY OH, 1951, J BIOL CHEM, V193, P265 MACHALA M, 1997, AQUAT TOXICOL, V37, P112 MATSUBARA T, 1976, ANAL BIOCHEM, V75, P596 MCDONALD SJ, 1996, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V53, P2606 MOOSE PRL, 1996, ENV TOXICOLOGY WATER, V11, P113 MYERS CR, 1993, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V12, P1619 PAYNE JF, 1987, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C, V86, P233 RANDALL JE, 1997, FISHES GREAT BARRIER RUTTEN AAJJL, 1987, ARCH TOXICOL, V61, P27 SAMOILYS MA, 1997, CORAL REEFS, V16, P151 STEGEMAN JJ, 1991, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V90, P101 STEGEMAN JJ, 1997, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C, V116, P61 SUMMONS RE, 1993, PESA J, V21, P31 SWAN JM, 1994, ENV IMPLICATIONS OFF VANDERMEULEN JH, 1985, WATER RES, V19, P1283 VROLIJK NH, 1994, MAR BIOL, V119, P151 WHYTE JJ, 2000, CRIT REV TOXICOL, V30, P347 WRENN BA, 1996, CAN J MICROBIOL, V42, P252; NR: 45; TC: 0; J9: MAR POLLUT BULL; PG: 10; GA: 995KCSource type: Electronic(1
Salivary cortisol response to post-exercise infrared sauna declines over time
No full textHeat exposure after exercise may enhance recovery of physical performance but can also impose additional physiological stress on athletes. This study investigated the effects of post-exercise infrared sauna (IRS) on adrenal and autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses and examined how these responses adapt over time during a 6-week training intervention. Forty female team-sport athletes were pair-matched into an IRS-group and a control group (CON). Participants completed jumping exercises followed by IRS (10 min, 50 °C) or passive recovery and physiological assessments during two experimental trials: in the first (EX1) and in the last (EX2) week of the training intervention. The ANS responses were assessed by nocturnal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability recorded before and after exercise session. Saliva cortisol concentrations, muscle soreness, and perceived recovery were assessed in the morning, before and after the exercise sessions. Cortisol increased by 5.1 ± 8.6 nmol/l the morning after EX1 in the IRS-group (p = 0.017), but not in the CON-group. Furthermore, a greater pre-post change in cortisol concentration was observed following EX1 (4.6 ± 10.4 nmol/l) compared to EX2 (−1.8 ± 7.6 nmol/l). The IRS-group showed a higher post-session HR in EX1 compared to the CON-group (61 ± 8 bpm vs. 55 ± 6 bpm; p = 0.019). Increased muscle soreness was observed at EX1 post36h only in the CON-group. Post-exercise IRS initially elevated physiological stress responses in female athletes. After six weeks of regular IRS use, athletes’ ANS balance and cortisol response adapted, suggesting effective physiological adjustment to the heat intervention within six weeks
Surface Binding of Aflatoxin B1 by Lactic Acid Bacteria
No full textSpecific lactic acid bacterial strains remove toxins from liquid media by physical binding. The stability of the aflatoxin B1 complexes formed with 12 bacterial strains in both viable and nonviable (heat- or acid-treated) forms was assessed by repetitive aqueous extraction. By the fifth extraction, up to 71% of the total aflatoxin B1 remained bound. Nonviable bacteria retained the highest amount of aflatoxin B1. Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (ATCC 53103) and L. rhamnosus strain LC-705 (DSM 7061) removed aflatoxin B1 from solution most efficiently and were selected for further study. The accessibility of bound aflatoxin B1 to an antibody in an indirect competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay suggests that surface components of these bacteria are involved in binding. Further evidence is the recovery of around 90% of the bound aflatoxin from the bacteria by solvent extraction. Autoclaving and sonication did not release any detectable aflatoxin B1. Variation in temperature (4 to 37°C) and pH (2 to 10) did not have any significant effect on the amount of aflatoxin B1 released. Binding of aflatoxin B1 appears to be predominantly extracellular for viable and heat-treated bacteria. Acid treatment may permit intracellular binding. In all cases, binding is of a reversible nature, but the stability of the complexes formed depends on strain, treatment, and environmental conditions.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
Binding of aflatoxin B1 alters the adhesion properties of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG in a Caco-2 model
No full textLactic acid bacteria have been previously reported to possess antimycotoxigenic activities both in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of aflatoxin B1 on adhesion capability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG using a Caco-2 adhesion model. Removal of aflatoxin B1 by L. rhamnosus strain GG reduced the adhesion capability of this strain from 30% to 5%. It is therefore concluded that aflatoxins may influence the adhesion properties of probiotics able to sequester them, and subsequently these bacteria may reduce the accumulation of aflatoxins in the intestine via increased excretion of an aflatoxin-bacteria complex.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
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