1,721,159 research outputs found
Say it in Siswati
Get PDFDoctor EducationisSay it in siSwati is a practical course manual for beginners. It is
intended to be used in conjunction with a series of language laboratory
tapes, either for individual or group instruction; but could also be used
independently, preferably with the aid of a siSwati speaker. The main aim
has been to introduce all the principal structures and to present these in
terms of familiar objects .and everyday situations as far as possible.
Starting from a selected basic vocabulary, the drills concentrate ~~ fitting
words together effectively and fluently, and the stock of words is gradually
expanded. Appendices provide extra phonological and grammatical information
if required, and a repertoire of traditional songs, followed by a glossary.
The course represents a revised and expanded version of a siSwati Language
Manual ·devised in 1972 for teaching British volunteers who were going out to
Swaziland to undertake projects for Voluntary Service Overseas., and International
Voluntary Service. Grateful acknowledgement is due, particularly,
to Mrs. Gladys Mkhonta and Mr. A.B. Ngcobo who gave valuable assistance in
the preparation of scripts and drills, and also to Messrs. Titus Ngubeni,
Reuben Zondi, Derek Hlanze, Edward Dlamini, Nicholas Dlamini, Reginald Dladla,
Clifford Magongo and Miss Jane Maseko, whose voices are recorded on the tapes.
fundamentally, preparation of the manual would not have been possible at all
without the generosity of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University
of London, in sponsoring the necessary linguistic and musical field research
Say it in Siswati
No full textDoctor EducationisSay it in siSwati is a practical course manual for beginners. It is
intended to be used in conjunction with a series of language laboratory
tapes, either for individual or group instruction; but could also be used
independently, preferably with the aid of a siSwati speaker. The main aim
has been to introduce all the principal structures and to present these in
terms of familiar objects .and everyday situations as far as possible.
Starting from a selected basic vocabulary, the drills concentrate ~~ fitting
words together effectively and fluently, and the stock of words is gradually
expanded. Appendices provide extra phonological and grammatical information
if required, and a repertoire of traditional songs, followed by a glossary.
The course represents a revised and expanded version of a siSwati Language
Manual �devised in 1972 for teaching British volunteers who were going out to
Swaziland to undertake projects for Voluntary Service Overseas., and International
Voluntary Service. Grateful acknowledgement is due, particularly,
to Mrs. Gladys Mkhonta and Mr. A.B. Ngcobo who gave valuable assistance in
the preparation of scripts and drills, and also to Messrs. Titus Ngubeni,
Reuben Zondi, Derek Hlanze, Edward Dlamini, Nicholas Dlamini, Reginald Dladla,
Clifford Magongo and Miss Jane Maseko, whose voices are recorded on the tapes.
fundamentally, preparation of the manual would not have been possible at all
without the generosity of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University
of London, in sponsoring the necessary linguistic and musical field research
The three blind spots of Afghanistan: water flow, irrigation development, and the impact of climate change
No full textThe article discusses the three blind spots of northern Afghanistan: water flow, irrigation development, and the impact of climate change. Consideration is given to the different data sets for the current irrigated areas, water resources, and future potentials according to identified projects in northern Afghanistan. The water accounting programme WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning System) has then been applied to estimate the current demands for water as well as the increased demands resulting from climate change
The impact of climate change on the water resources of the Amu Darya Basin in central Asia
No full textCentral Asia is facing an unprecedented juxtaposition of regional climate- and water-related issues, emphasised by a changing climate. We investigate the potential impact of long-term climate change on the availability of water resources in the Amu Darya River, one of the two major rivers that feed the Aral Sea, and its effect on irrigation in the region. Using a water balance accounting model developed for the Amu Darya basin, we find that projected increases in summer temperatures of up to 5 °C by 2070–2099 under a high-emission scenario, combined with likely shifts in the seasonality of precipitation, would lead to an increase in crop water consumptive demand of between 10.6 and 16 % (or between 3.7 and 5.5 km3 y-1) relative to 1961–1990. By the end of the century, 34 to 49 % of the basin’s existing 3.4 million ha of irrigated land would go unirrigated in a 1:20 year drought. Runoff is also expected to decline by between 10 and 20 % on current levels, however contributions to river flows from unsustainable glacial retreat and snow-melt are likely to remain small. While the uncertainty surrounding the precipitation projections is high, the effect of increased temperatures on irrigation practices in the basin is more robust in the long-term
The effect of sodicity on the strength of a soil surface
No full textConcern that sodicity developing at a soil surface might increase soil strength, and thus have an indirect adverse effect on germination, stimulated this investigation. The aim was to investigate the link between the strength developing at a soil surface and rising salinity and sodicity.A soil containing small amounts of a swelling clay, of a type known to suffer from capping, was deliberately salinised in order to impose a range of salinities and sodicities at the soil surface. It was found that the strength at the surface increased during the actual salinisation process, but this was almost exclusively related to the rise in sodicity, and was not influenced to any great extent by the rising salinity.Further strengthening occurred on leaching, and this was also strongly linked to the sodicity at the soil surface immediately before leaching. The strength of the surface increased with rising sodicity up to a maximum consistent with values indicated in the literature as being likely to cause problems due to swelling and dispersion. Above these critical sodicity levels, the strength of the surface remained constant but at a high value. It was concluded that these processes could account for the observed poor germination on similar soil textures under long-term irrigation. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd
A phytochemical and morphological study of the liverwort Plagiochila retrorsa Gottsche, new to Europe
No full textThe Neotropical liverwort Plagiochila retrorsa Gottsche is conspecific with P. sharpii H.L.Blomq., known previously as a Southern Appalachian endemic, as well as P. tricarinata Carl and P. permista Spruce var, subintegerrima Herzog from Costa Rica. It has been discovered recently in the Azores and Madeira, new to Europe. Illustrations, SEM micrographs of spores and elaters, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) fingerprints and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data are presented, based on American and European material. Costa Rican material used for an earlier phytochemical study has now also been identified as P. retrorsa. Although NMR fingerprinting initiated the present discoveries, the NMR fingerprint of P. retrorsa is not unique and NMR fingerprinting alone is not sufficient to identify the species. P. retrorsa belongs to the 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene chemotype group and the two principal secondary metabolites are 3,5-dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthren-2-ol and methyl 4-hydroxy-4'-O-methyllunularate
Morphological and phytochemical studies of Plagiochila papillifolia Steph., a Neotropical liverwort new to Europe
No full textThe Neotropical liverwort Plagiochila papillifolia Steph. is conspecific with P. caespiticia Spruce ex Herzog (nom. inval.). P. deciduifolia Steph., P. solmsii Steph. and P. verruculosa R.M.Schust.; it is reported from the Azores, ne to Europe, Morphologically it shows affinity with sect, Bidentes Carl, phytochemically, several of its lipophilic secondary metabolites are the same as those of P. retrorsa Gottsche, another Neotropical species reported only recently from Macaronesia
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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