1,721,011 research outputs found
Growing apart in early modern Europe? A comparison of inequality trends in Italy and the Low Countries, 1500-1800
No full textThis article provides a comparison of long-term changes in inequality in two key areas of preindustrial Europe: Central-Northern Italy and the Low Countries. Based on new archival material, we reconstruct regional estimates of economic inequality during 1500-1800 and use them to assess the role of economic growth, social-demographic variables, proletarianization, and institutions. We argue that different explanations should be invoked to understand the early modern growth of inequality throughout Europe since several factors conspired to make for a society in which it was much easier for inequality to rise than to fall. Although long-term trends in economic inequality were apparently similar across the continent, divergence occurred in terms of inequality extraction ratios
Blondé (Bruno), Devos (Isabelle), Hanus (Jord) & Ryckbosch (Wouter). Trend en toeval. Inleiding tot de kwantitatieve methoden voor historici, 2012
No full textMorsa Denis. Blondé (Bruno), Devos (Isabelle), Hanus (Jord) & Ryckbosch (Wouter). Trend en toeval. Inleiding tot de kwantitatieve methoden voor historici, 2012. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 92, fasc. 2, 2014. Histoire médiévale, moderne et contemporaine Middeleeuwse, moderne en hedendaagse geschiedenis. pp. 719-724
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The demand of the invisible hand : the consumer revolution and social inequality in the (pre)modern metropolis
No full textAbstract: This doctoral dissertation confronts two schools of thought in the literature on social and economic history of northwestern Europe in the early modern era: the consumer revolution and social inequality. The first is grounded in research showing that the consumer patterns and material comfort of a growing share of the (urban) population in this region expanded in each subsequent generation during this transitional period. The second is less optimistic and with the observation of increasing income and wealth inequality strengthens the bleak image of low living standards in the centuries preceding the industrial revolution known from the literature on real wages. Did the consumer revolution mitigate the social impact of growing economic inequality, as a first generation of researchers implied without asking this question explicitly? Or were social inequities reproduced, in line with what a more recent generation of Flemish historians has argued on the basis of evidence from different towns in the Low Countries that had started to decline by the eighteenth century? In contrast, this thesis analyses consumer developments in the most important commercial metropoles of the era: in the first place Amsterdam, but also Antwerp and London. The dissertation is built up around five (soon to be) published articles. These are preceded by an introduction and followed by a concluding chapter that is not intended for separate publication. The five texts aim to contribute to a number of subdisciplines, while the last chapter answers the research question in a direct manner. In the last analysis, I re-establish increased choice \u2013 first emphasized by Jan de Vries \u2013 as a core defining characteristic of nascent consumer societies. I argue that the consumer revolution was characterized by growing diversity and individuality as much as by increasing uniformity and persistent inequality. Both from the perspective of consumer agency and in the social spread of consumer goods, I conclude that the consumer revolution alleviated the social impact of augmented economic inequality \u2013 but only under the precondition of stable purchasing power
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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