1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Viitasammakon (Rana arvalis) liikkuminen ja elinpiiri muuttuneessa elinympäristössä
No full textIhmisen aiheuttama elinympäristöjen väheneminen ja ympäristön saastuminen ovat aiheuttaneet ennen näkemättömän sukupuuttoaallon, jonka seurauksena yhä useampien uhanalaisten lajien esiintymisalueet ovat pienentyneet entisestään viimeisen 100 vuoden aikana. Yksi näistä lajeista on viitasammakko, joka on luokiteltu EU:n luontodirektiivissä liitteen IV(a) lajeihin, jotka ovat tiukasti suojeltuja myös luonnonsuojelualueiden ulkopuolella. Laji on taantunut Keski-Euroopassa, mutta se on yhä yleinen Pohjois-Euroopassa. EU:n komission mukaan viitasammakon lisääntymis- ja levähdyspaikoiksi tulee määrittää paikallispopulaation käyttämä elinalue. Elinalueen kokoon ja käyttöön vaikuttavat useat ympäristötekijät, joiden tekijöiden vaikutusta lajin liikkeisiin ja elinympäristön käyttöön on usein haastavaa arvioida. Radioseuranta tarjoaa tehokkaan työkalun eläinten liikkeiden ja elintapojen tutkimukseen. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin radioseurantamenetelmällä viitasammakon (Rana arvalis) elinympäristövaatimuksia ja elinympäristön käyttöä muuttuneessa ympäristössä turvetuotantoalueella. Tutkimuksessa kerättiin tietoa viitasammakon kesäelinympäristöstä ja sen etäisyydestä kutupaikkaan, sekä tehtiin päätelmiä kesäelinympäristön laadusta ja koosta. Seurannasta saatavat tiedot mahdollistavat entistä tarkemmat lajin uhanalaisarvioinnit ja auttavat suuntaamaan luonnonsuojelun panoksia sinne, missä tarve on suurin. Tutkimuspopulaatioksi valittiin kutukartoituksen perusteella suhteellisen runsas viitasammakkoesiintymä. Soidinäänteleviä viitasammakkokoiraita saattoi kohdata täysin kasvillisuutta vailla olevissa sarkaojissa, mutta kutu laskettiin aina paikkoihin, joissa oli edes vähän kasvillisuutta. Poikaset liikkuivat eniten keskikesällä, kun aikuisten yksilöiden liikkuminen painottui alku- ja loppukesään. Eniten viitasammakoita esiintyi tutkimusalueen keskellä, turvekankaiden välisessä paloaltaassa, josta radioseurantaan valitut yksilöt oli pyydetty ja johon ne oli vapautettu radioseurantatutkimusta varten. Yksittäisten liikkumishavaintojen pituus vaihteli saman populaation yksilöiden välillä jopa 341 metriä. Syksyllä viitasammakot kaivautuivat maahan talvehtimaan. Turvetuotantoalue näyttää soveltuvan esiintymispaikaksi, mikäli tietyt elinympäristön kannalta tärkeät vaatimukset täyttyvät. Viitasammakoita esiintyi turvetuotantoalueen runsasvetisissä kasvittuneissa sarkaojissa ja paloaltaissa, sekä niiden ympäristössä. Tulosten perusteella vaikuttaisi, että viitasammakon elinympäristövaatimukset voivat olla aiemmin luultua vaatimattomammat. Tutkimusalueen viitasammakkokanta vaikutti elinvoimaiselta, joskin elinympäristöjen laatua ja kytkeytyneisyyttä voidaan edelleen parantaa ja ottaa se paremmin huomioon turvetuotannollisia toimenpiteitä suunniteltaessa.Human-induced habitat loss and environmental contamination have caused an unprecedented extinction wave, as a result of which the occurrences of increasingly endangered species have decreased further over the past 100 years. One of these species is the moor frog, which is classified under the EU Habitats Directive Appendix IV (a). These species are strictly protected also outside nature conservation areas. The species has declined in Central Europe, but is still common in Northern Europe. According to the EU Commission, the reproductive and resting places should be determined by the local population used by the local population. Many complex environmental factors affect the size and use of animals’ ecological network. Estimating the effect of these factors on animal movements and use of habitat is often very challenging. Radio tracking provides powerful tool for studying movements and habits of animals. In this study we investigated with the radio tracking method moor frogs (Rana arvalis) habitat requirements and use of the habitat in a changed environment in a peat production area. The aim of the study was to get information on moor frog’s summer habitat and distance to the spawning site, and to draw conclusions about the quality and size of summer habitat. The acknowledge collected from study makes possible more specific accurate threat assessments of specie and help to direct the conservation inputs to where the need is greatest. The research population was selected based on the spawning survey of a relatively large occurrence of moor frogs. Displaying males could be encountered in completely vegetation-free ditches, but the spawn was always let down on places where there was even little vegetation. The juveniles moved mostly in the mid-summer when the movement of adult individuals was focused on early and late summer. Most moor frogs were encountered in a fire pond between peatlands in the middle of the study site, where they were caught and released for radio tracking research during spawning. Movement varied 341 meters between individuals of the same population. In the autumn moor frogs burrowed into the ground for winter. The peat production area seems to be suitable as a place of occurrence if certain requirements relevant to the habitat are met. Moor frogs occurred in small, watery and vegetated ponds and ditches and their surroundings. Based on the study, it would appear that the living environment requirements of the moor frog may be more modest than was previously assumed. The moor frog population of the research area seemed vital but the quality and connectivity of the habitats can be further improved and taken into greater consideration when designing peat production measures.unknown accessibilityei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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