1,720,999 research outputs found
Nonfarm Work Among Crop Farmworkers in the United States
No full textThesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics - Master of Science, 2025Historically, farmers in the United States have relied on a flexible supply of low-wage labor from rural Mexico. Recent studies indicate there has been a decline in this labor pool, partly due to competition from other economic sectors. This study utilizes data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS) to examine factors influencing crop farmworkers\u2019 likelihood of engaging in nonfarm work and whether such employment serves as a potential income-smoothing strategy for seasonal farmworkers. We define seasonal farmworkers as those who do not work for their farm employer on a year-round basis, which is about 54% of our sample. The NAWS samples current farmworkers, so our study is limited to those currently in agriculture and who may be splitting their time between farm and nonfarm work. One obvious limitation of using these data is the lack of information for those who completely leave agriculture to work in a nonfarm sector.We find that farmworkers who are male, have stronger nonfarm networks, higher education levels, legal work authorization, or engage in migrant farmwork (work done more than 75 miles from a worker\u2019s home) are potentially more likely to work off the farm. Additionally, nonfarm employment is associated with higher annual total earnings for seasonal farmworkers, which can indicate the role nonfarm work plays in stabilizing income. A forecasting exercise suggests that the proportion of farmworkers engaging in nonfarm work (in addition to farmwork) will increase to 33% in 2037, which is 4 percentage points higher than the estimate for 2027.Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION IN AGRICULTURE : CONFLICT, AGRICULTURAL CLUSTERS, AND LABOR DYNAMICS
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics - Doctor of Philosophy, 2025Recent years have seen a rise in production shocks worldwide, including conflict, pandemics, and natural disasters. Understanding their impact on agriculture is crucial due to agriculture\u2019s role in food security, poverty reduction, and rural transformation. This dissertation examines the linkages between shocks, agricultural outcomes, and adaptation strategies through three dissertation chapters, covering both developing and developed country contexts. The first and third chapters focus on the effects of conflict on rice production and processing in Myanmar. The second chapter analyzes labor supply shocks, investigating how workforce shortages affect farmer adaptation strategies in California, one of the most labor-intensive crop-producing states in the U.S.The first chapter quantifies the effects of conflict on household-level rice production\u2014total output, yield, value, and input/output prices. It also explores heterogeneity by conflict type (civilian vs. non-civilian targeted) and timing (planting vs. harvesting), as well as pathways through land, labor, capital, and input decisions. The analysis uses a nationally representative phone survey combined with geo-coded conflict data from the Armed Conflict and Location Event Data Project (ACLED). A fixed-effects panel model with household and year fixed effects, time-varying controls, and district trends establishes a causal relationship between conflict and agricultural performance. Results indicate that conflict significantly reduces rice production and alters production decisions. The second chapter examines how labor shortages influence production and labor management practices among California farmers. Using a 2019 farmer survey, the study employs the fixed-effects panel model at the farmer-year level. Results provide strong evidence that farmers are altering their production and labor management practices to cope with labor shortages. The third chapter investigates the role of agricultural clusters in mitigating the impacts of conflict on rice mills in Myanmar. Using 14 survey rounds in the Delta region and ACLED conflict data, I employ the Extended Two-Way Fixed Effects (ETWFE) model. Results show that conflict significantly reduces rice production and markup rates. However, mills located in village tracts with a high number of nearby rice mills (referred to as high clusters) are more resilient. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of agricultural clusters in enhancing firm-level resilience and provide new insights into how conflict affects critical midstream actors in agricultural value chains. In conclusion, given the increasing prevalence of global conflict, the first and third chapters aim to provide timely and informative insights for intervention strategies and development policies in contexts characterized by conflict and fragility. The findings in the second chapter contribute to the ongoing policy discussion related to food stability in the U.S., addressing the major challenge of labor shortages faced by agricultural producers.Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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