1,721,073 research outputs found
Alleviation of salt stress in Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus fiori by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Full text linkResearch was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi in improving artichoke tolerance to salinity stress induced by sodium chloride. In fact, several studies have shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus symbiosis enhances salt tolerance in some crops. The experiment was carried out with seedlings of artichoke cultivar '044' (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus), treated or not with AM fungi (Glomus viscosum) at sowing. The root systems of both mycorrhizal and non mycorrhizal plantlets were carefully washed to remove the substratum and exposed to distillated water (control) and saline water (13 and 26 dS m-1) obtained by adding NaCl. The wilting trend was studied defining wilting indexes on the basis of visual characteristics. When the wilting had stabilized, the plant roots were washed in distilled water and then transferred to glass jars with distilled water until the recovery of the plantlets. The results indicate that AM fungi improve tolerance to salinity stress, confirming the beneficial effect of mycorrhizal fungi in abiotic stresses also for artichokes. © ISHS
Preliminari valutazioni sulla definizione di forme morfologiche in popolazioni di Salvia officinalis L
No full textItalus Hortus Vol. 6, num. 4, luglio-agosto 199
Biobanking of vegetable genetic resources by in vitro conservation and cryopreservation
Full text linkToday, application of in vitro culture by means of slow growth storage of shoot cultures and cryopreservation of organs, tissues and cells in liquid nitrogen presents a remarkable strategic tool to support medium- and long-term conservation of plant genetic resources. Over the last 30 years, considerable progresses have been made in the development of both methods that are currently considered as ex situ conservation strategies, complementary to traditional seed banks and in-field clonal collections. Efficient protocols were developed for the conservation of a large number of crops, including strategically-important vegetables, such as garlic, artichoke, asparagus, cassava, Jerusalem artichoke, mint, potato, sweet potato, chicory, taro, thyme and yam. As a consequence, more than 45,000 accessions of vegetable crops are maintained in 22 genetic resources conservation centers (biobanks), located in 16 countries and 6 continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, North and South America). Approximately 4/5 of these accessions are maintained in vitro by means of slow growth storage of shoot cultures, but cryopreservation is also constantly growing, with almost 8300 vegetable accessions being stored in liquid nitrogen at − 196 °C
Optimization of a system for offshoot production of Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus fiori of the 'locale di mola' type
Full text linkIn this work, evaluation was made for a possible application of "innovative vegetative propagation systems for large-scale production of globe artichoke transplants" as described by Cardarelli et al. (2005) for the 'Romanesco' cultivar, on micropropagated plants of early 'Locale di Mola' artichokes. In addition, the effects of mycorrhizal inoculum were studied. The system included the following steps: 1) production of micropropagated plantlets free from fungi and bacteria; 2) inoculation of these with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and growth in soil-less culture in greenhouse conditions; 3) treatment of stock plants with a chemical growth regulator (6 benzylamino purine BAP) and cut at the collar level to promote offshoot production. The results show the important role of mycorrhiza to optimize a system for offshoot production of Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus Fiori of the 'Locale di Mola' type. © ISHS
Agronomic innovations of globe artichoke crop for climate-change mitigation: preliminary results
No full textThe conventional cultivation of globe artichoke in the south Italy is often carried out applying high amount of nitrogen fertilizer and water to not limit the production generating appreciable impact on the agricultural sustainability.
The increasingly manifest effects of climate change increase the need for the farmers to be availed with appropriate technologies and management practices that sustainably increase productivity and resilience, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The adoption of innovations in the agronomic management of the globe artichoke might contribute to the mitigation of negative issues related to climate change.
In view of this, an experiment at field-scale was conducted on two artichoke hybrids (Artemisa and Capriccio) to study the effect of bio-fertilizers combined to a controlled deficit irrigation (CDI) system, as eco-friendly alternative to the conventional nutrition (chemical fertilizers) and irrigation management of the globe artichoke.
The combination of biological activators containing amino acids, organic fertilizers and mycorrhizal fungi treatments was monitoring during the growing cycle of the crop to evaluate the influence on the growth and productivity of the globe artichoke in comparison with the conventional fertilization.
A controlled deficit irrigation was managed using volumetric water content (VWC) sensors imposing an irrigation deficit of 5% compared to the conventional irrigation treatment.
The comparison between the two cultivation systems under study showed a clear reduction in the use of nitrogen and a water-saving of 25% on average.
Interestingly, it was possible to detect a lower luxuriance with the innovative management of the artichoke crop with a productivity which showed a better efficiency of the plant in terms of harvest index. Insights will concern aspects relating to the quality of the flower heads as fresh and processed product
Regeneration through organogenesis from leaves of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don
Full text linkHelichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don is an aromatic plant of the Asteraceae family that grows spontaneously in Mediterranean areas. Among the very large number of phytoproducts that can be obtained from this species, essential oils are successfully used both in cosmetics and in pharmaceutical preparations for their antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activities. The main constrain for industrial sector is that spontaneous plants are extremely variable. The presence of an innovative technique that provides selected and uniform plants could be a good strategy for the success of this interesting species. Leaf fragments of H. italicum micropropagated plants were used as explant source. The explants were cultured in a medium containing MS macronutrients (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) and micronutrients from Nitsch and Nitsch (1972), Fe-EDTA (30 mg L-1), thiamine HCl (0.4 mg L-1), myoinositol (100 mg L-1), sucrose (30 g L-1) and agar (7 g L-1). For organogenesis induction, basal medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg L-1) alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA 1 mg L-1) were used. The results showed that H. italicum has a great organogenic capacity: the explants formed adventitious shoots for each treatment through the callus formation or directly from the leaves on the hormone-free medium. Rooting frequency was near 100% on leaves cultured in the hormone-free medium. In conclusion, leaf explants give encouraging results in organogenesis allowing to exploit this technique in commercial production of H. italicum extracts
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
