1,720,972 research outputs found
Weekly cisplatin and oral etoposide as treatment for relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer
No full textWe conclude that this short but intensive regimen provides worthwhile response rates, even in those patients who would ordinarily be considered refractory to platinum, and has an acceptable toxicity profile
Medical Research Council trial of 2 versus 5 CT scans in the surveillance of patients with stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumours of the testis
No full textBackground: Surveillance is a standard management approach for stage 1 non seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT), yet there is no agreement on the number of CT scans that are required to detect relapses. A randomised trial of 2 versus 5 CT scans was performed to determine whether the number of scans influenced the prognostic group (J Clin Oncol 15:594-603, 1997) at relapse. Methods: Patients with clinical stage 1 NSGCT opting for surveillance were randomised to chest and abdominal CT scans at either 3 and 12 or 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months, with all other investigations (clinical exams, markers, chest X-rays) carried out at equal frequency in the two arms. 3/5 patients were allocated to the 2 scan schedule. 400 patients were required to exclude a 3% increase in the proportion of patients relapsing with IGCCCG intermediate or poor prognosis disease with 90% power at the 5% significance level (1-sided). Results: 247 patients were allocated to 2 CT scans and 167 to 5 CT scans. With a median follow up of 40 months 37 (15%) relapses have occurred in the 2 scan arm and 33 (20%) in the 5 scan arm. No patients were poor prognosis at relapse but 2 (0.8%) of those relapsing in the 2 scan arm were intermediate prognosis compared to 1 (0.6%) in the 5 scan arm a difference of 0.2% (90% CI -1.2%, +1.6%). The mean diameter of abdominal mass at relapse was 2.1 cm in the two scan arm and 2.2 cm in the five scan arm. After chemotherapy a residual mass was present in 35% in the 2 scan and 36% in the 5 scan arm. No deaths have been reported. Conclusions: This study can exclude with 95% probability an increase in the proportion of patients relapsing with intermediate or poor prognosis disease of more than 1.6% if they have 2 rather than 5 CT scans as part of their surveillance protocol. CT scans at 3 and 12 months after orchidectomy should be considered as the new standard and will be associated with a reduction in radiation exposure
Use of CA-125 to define progression of ovarian cancer in patients with persistently elevated levels
No full textIn patients whose CA-125 level decreases to normal after chemotherapy, a doubling from the upper limit of normal has been shown to predict progression. In those with persistently elevated levels, doubling of CA-125 from its nadir level has now been shown to accurately define progression. If confirmed, these CA-125 criteria should be used as additional end points in clinical trials
Randomized trial of two or five computed tomography scans in the surveillance of patients with stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: Medical Research Council Trial TE08, ISRCTN56475197 - the National Cancer Research Institute Testis Cancer Clinical Studies Group
No full textPurpose: Surveillance is a standard management approach for stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). A randomized trial of two versus five computed tomography (CT) scans was performed to determine whether the number of scans influenced the proportion of patients relapsing with intermediate- or poor-prognosis disease at relapse. Methods: Patients with clinical stage I NSGCT opting for surveillance were randomly assigned to chest and abdominal CT scans at either 3 and 12 or 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months, with all other investigations identical in the two arms. Three of five patients were allocated to the two-scan schedule. Four hundred patients were required. Results: Two hundred forty-seven patients were allocated to a two-scan and 167 to five-scan policy. With a median follow-up of 40 months, 37 relapses (15%) have occurred in the two-scan arm and 33 (20%) in the five-scan arm. No patients had poor prognosis at relapse, but two (0.8%) of those relapsing in the two-scan arm had intermediate prognosis compared with 1 (0.6%) in the five-scan arm, a difference of 0.2% (90% CI, –1.2% to 1.6%). No deaths have been reported. Conclusion: This study can rule out with 95% probability an increase in the proportion of patients relapsing with intermediate- or poor-prognosis disease of more than 1.6% if they have two rather than five CT scans as part of their surveillance protocol. CT scans at 3 and 12 months after orchidectomy should be considered a reasonable option in low-risk patients
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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