1,720,966 research outputs found
The SALAM Initiative: Strategies for Solving the Water Deficit Problem in the Middle East
No full textIm Rahmen der "Forschung für Nachhaltigkeit" (FONA) werden in den Jahren 2020 bis 2025 vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) 4 Mrd. Euro an Fördermitteln bereitgestellt, um die Umsetzung der Nachhaltigkeitsziele voranzutreiben. Die Verminderung von Wasserkrisen auf globaler Ebene ist dabei ein Themenschwerpunkt der neuen FONA-Strategie, wobei dem Nahen Osten, bedingt durch den extremen Wasserstress der Region, eine besondere Bedeutung beigemessen wird
The SALAM Initiative: Strategies for Solving the Water Deficit Problem in the Middle East
No full textIm Rahmen der "Forschung für Nachhaltigkeit" (FONA) werden in den Jahren 2020 bis 2025 vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) 4 Mrd. Euro an Fördermitteln bereitgestellt, um die Umsetzung der Nachhaltigkeitsziele voranzutreiben. Die Verminderung von Wasserkrisen auf globaler Ebene ist dabei ein Themenschwerpunkt der neuen FONA-Strategie, wobei dem Nahen Osten, bedingt durch den extremen Wasserstress der Region, eine besondere Bedeutung beigemessen wird
Grenzüberschreitender Wassertransfer aus der Meerwasserentsalzung im Nahen Osten
No full textDieser Beitrag setzt sich mit der Deckung der prognostizierten Süßwasserdefizite in Jordanien und Palästina durch Meerwasserentsalzung am Mittelmeer und Roten Meer sowie Wassertransfer zu den regionalen Bedarfszentren auseinander. Vorgestellt werden alternative Wasserproduktions- und -transferstrategien, die nach einem innovativen methodischen Konzept entwickelt wurden. Es wird gezeigt, dass der sich anbahnenden regionalen Wasserkrise durch grenzüberschreitenden Transfer von entsalztem Meerwasser und Kombination mehrerer Wassertransfervorhaben Einhalt geboten werden kann
An integrated study of spatial multicriteria analysis and mathematical modelling for managed aquifer recharge site suitability mapping and site ranking at Northern Gaza coastal aquifer
No full textThis paper describes an integrated approach of site suitability mapping and ranking of the most suitable sites, for the implementation of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) projects, using spatial multicriteria decision analysis (SMCDA) techniques and mathematical modelling. The SMCDA procedure contains constraint mapping, site suitability analysis with criteria standardization and weighting, criteria overlay by analytical hierarchy process (AHP) combined with weighted linear combination (WLC) and ordered weighted averaging (OWA), and sensitivity analysis. The hydrogeological impacts of the selected most suitable sites were quantified by using groundwater flow and transport modelling techniques. Finally, ranking of the selected sites was done with the WLC method. The integrated approach is demonstrated by a case study in the coastal aquifer of North Gaza. Constraint mapping shows that 50% of the total study area is suitable for MAR implementation. About 25% of the total area is "very good" and 25% percent is "good" for MAR, according to the site suitability analysis. Six locations were selected and ranked against six representative decision criteria. Long term (year 2003 to year 2040) groundwater flow and transport simulations were performed to quantify the selected criteria under MAR project operation conditions at the selected sites. Finally, the suitability mapping and hydrogeological investigation recommends that the location of the existing infiltration ponds, constructed near the planned North Gaza Wastewater Treatment Plant (NGWWTP) is most suitable for MAR project implementation. This paper concludes that mathematical modelling should be combined with the SMCDA technique in order to select the best location for MAR project implementation. Besides MAR project implementation, the generalised approach can be applicable for any other water resources development project that deals with site selection and implementation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
A new spatial multi-criteria decision support tool for site selection for implementation of managed aquifer recharge
No full textThis study reports the development of a new spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (SMCDA) software tool for selecting suitable sites for Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) systems. The new SMCDA software tool functions based on the combination of existing multi-criteria evaluation methods with modern decision analysis techniques. More specifically, non-compensatory screening, criteria standardization and weighting, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) have been combined with Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) and Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA). This SMCDA tool may be implemented with a wide range of decision maker's preferences. The tool's user-friendly interface helps guide the decision maker through the sequential steps for site selection, those steps namely being constraint mapping, criteria hierarchy, criteria standardization and weighting, and criteria overlay. The tool offers some predetermined default criteria and standard methods to increase the trade-off between ease-of-use and efficiency. Integrated into ArcGIS, the tool has the advantage of using GIS tools for spatial analysis, and herein data may be processed and displayed. The tool is non-site specific, adaptive, and comprehensive, and may be applied to any type of site-selection problem. For demonstrating the robustness of the new tool, a case study was planned and executed at Algarve Region, Portugal. The efficiency of the SMCDA tool in the decision making process for selecting suitable sites for MAR was also demonstrated. Specific aspects of the tool such as built-in default criteria, explicit decision steps, and flexibility in choosing different options were key features, which benefited the study. The new SMCDA tool can be augmented by groundwater flow and transport modeling so as to achieve a more comprehensive approach to the selection process for the best locations of the MAR infiltration basins, as well as the locations of recovery wells and areas of groundwater protection. The new spatial multicriteria analysis tool has already been implemented within the GIS based Gabardine decision support system as an innovative MAR planning tool. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.European Commission (EC) [518118
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Water management strategies towards sustainable agricultural development, taking Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) and brackish water utilization into Account: Case Study: Auja, LJV, Palestine.
Full text linkIncreasing water irrigation demand combined with water scarcity and deterioration of the
water quality in the Lower Jordan Valley (hereafter referred to as LJV) - Palestine, has led to
a serious challenge in managing current and future water demands. This problem is not
restricted to Palestine but to the region in general. Providing feasible solution strategies for
water management has demonstrated to be a complex task. Mismanagement of water
resources aggravates the problem. Therefore, integrated water resources management
promises applicable and creative solutions for the future in terms of water strategies. The
main goals of this study are to develop these strategies end based on regional agricultural
strategies development.
The Case Study Area (Hereafter referred to as CSA), Auja area, is located in the LJV., CSA
has suffered from water scarcity and water quality deterioration, This was manifested in
decreasing irrigated lands from 10,000 donums in 2010 to only about 4,000 donums in
2013and change in crop patterns in the area. Moreover high chloride concentration in shallow
aquifer - with 2000μs/cm² in some wells - has caused increased deterioration in water quality.
Therefore, the study investigated creative alternatives based on integrated available water
resources management and the exploration of non-conventional resources in the area.
The study assumed many strategies of agricultural and water resources development, which
jointly constitute strategies of firstly, agriculture development and secondly, water strategies.
Both strategies should act as the core of the problem as well as its solution. Accordingly,
integrated water resources management (hereafter referred to as IWRM) focused on managing
aquifer recharge (MAR) and using brackish water in irrigation. This idea is the base for the
assumption of this research.
MAR and brackish water eventually are top priority scenarios for meeting water requirements
in the future. Decision-makers are urged to take these scenarios into consideration to achieve
sustainable development plans in the Palestinian territories.
Irrigated lands in the CSA cover 3,800 donums vis-à-vis 30,000 irrigable donums. Main water
resources come from Auja Springs and shallow aquifer wells. Available irrigation water does
not exceed 3.5 Mm3/a. CSA is served by field survey including soil, water, land, and
agriculture cover use. CSA is composed of three Agricultural land zones: zone 1, zone 2 and
zone 3. These zones reflect the current cultivated area as well as lands expansion scenarios for
an additional 8,500 donums of new irrigated lands with plantations of date palm trees,
intensive green house agriculture and grapes. The scenario is based on soil profile analysis of
root zone and soil hydrochemistry analysis.
Water Management Strategies towards Sustainable Agricultural Development
XVI
These three land zones represent three agricultural development strategies based on water
budget analysis and are jointly linked with the three assumed water strategies. The three water
strategies (WSs) are:
1- WS I which is the Do-Nothing approach which reflects large water quantities deficit;
2-The WS II is based on MAR scenario, the Mathematical model of transient GMS-Modflow
It is considered as a tool for water management in the CSA. It supplies 2 million cubic meters
of surplus water by direct injection into the shallow aquifer wells, in addition to infiltrated
flood surface run-off from Wadi Auja.
3-The WS III, is based on 100% of IWRM using all non-conventional water resources,
varying from brackish water desalination and treated effluent to importing water from outside
the CSA and the use of Current Untapped Water Resources (CUWR). This strategy will
change the current crop pattern taking into consideration the water budget. It could offer
additional 12 million cubic meters (Mm3) for the extra irrigated expanded land scenario.
Evaluating the best management scenarios regarding performance and impact assets based on
Driving-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) frame work, would give several decision
variables (DVs) as a prelude to form decision criteria analysis and analytical hierarchy
procedure (AHP) used for scaling and weighing different decision variables (DVs) This would
produce the best management scenario by mixing brackish and fresh water and completely
change the crop pattern in the CSA. The change would accrue through planting date palms. In
this context, MAR scenario comes as intermediate priority by evaluation results, although it
would need further investigation in the future
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