63 research outputs found
Soziale Emotionsinduktion im Sport und deren Auswirkung auf die individuelle Leistung beim Lösen einer Gruppenaufgabe
Get PDFIn der Sportpsychologie gibt es bis anhin wenige Studien, welche sich mit dem Phänomen der sozialen Emotionsinduktion befassen (Reicherts & Horn, 2008). Die soziale Emotions-induktion ist ein Prozess, bei welchem der blosse emotionale Ausdruck einer Person ein emotionales Befinden bei einer anderen Person auslöst, welche diesen emotionalen Ausdruck wahrnimmt (McIntosh, Druckman & Zajonc, 1994). Von Apitzsch (2006) wird die soziale Emotionsinduktion in einem theoretischen Artikel als eine mögliche Ursache bezeichnet, warum es zu einem Kollaps von Teams im Sport kommen kann. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die beiden Fragestellungen, ob es beim Lösen einer sportbezogenen Aufgabe unter Teammitgliedern überhaupt zu sozialer Emotionsinduktion kommt und welche Auswirkungen sich daraus für die individuelle Leistung der Teammitglieder ergeben. Zu diesem Zweck wur-den zwei experimentelle Studien mit unterschiedlicher Methodik durchgeführt: Im ersten Experiment mit Between-Subjects Design wurden die Versuchsperson (N = 81, ♀ = 38, M = 21.33 Jahre, SD = 1.45) zufällig einer der beiden experimentellen Bedingungen zugeordnet, wobei sie auf einen Konfidenten trafen, mit welchem sie ein gleichgeschlechtliches Ad Hoc Team bildeten. Als Team mussten sie eine Basketballaufgabe so schnell wie möglich lösen. Der Zwischensubjekt-Faktor des experimentellen Designs was der emotionale Ausdruck des Konfidenten mit positiver oder negativer Valenz und der Innersubjekt-Faktor, das emotionale Befinden der Versuchspersonen, welches prä- und postexperimentell mit der Positive and Negative Affect Schedule erfasst wurde (PANAS: Krohne, Egloff, Kohlmann & Tausch, 1996). Die Zweiergruppe wurde beim Lösen der Basketballaufgabe auf Video aufgenommen und die Anzahl der Frames, welche die Versuchspersonen zur Aufgabenlösung brauchten, wurde als individuelles Leistungsmass verwendet. Im zweiten Experiment wurden dem Konfidenten drei Versuchspersonen (N = 78, ♀ = 33, M = 20.88 Jahre, SD = 1.64) zugeordnet und als Gruppe durchliefen sie beide experimentellen Bedingungen, womit es sich also um ein Within-Subjects Design handelte. Das prä- und postexperimentelle Befinden der Versuchspersonen wurde mit dem Mehrdimensionalen Befindlichkeitsfragebogen erfasst (MDBF: Steyer, Schwenkmezger, Notz & Eid, 1997). Es zeigte sich in beiden Experimenten, dass das emotionale Befinden der Konfidenten von den Versuchspersonen sowie von Videoratern als unterschiedlich zwischen den Bedingungen wahrgenommen wurde (Manipulation-Check). Auch wenn sich eine Tendenz für eine soziale Emotionsinduktion teilweise zeigte, waren die durchgeführten, messwiederholten Varianzanalysen, welche die Auswirkungen der beiden experimentellen Bedingungen auf die Veränderung des emotionalen Befindens der Versuchspersonen prüfen sollten, nicht signifikant. Die durchgeführten t-Tests zeigten überdies, dass sich die Leistung der Versuchspersonen nicht zwischen den beiden experimentellen Bedingungen unterschied. Mit den beiden durchgeführten Experimenten konnten somit die Ergebnisse anderer experimenteller Studien zur sozialen Emotionsinduktion in Gruppen nicht repliziert werden (z.B. Barsade, 2002). Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden abschliessend methodische Änderungen diskutiert, welche eine Verbesserung der Vorgehensweise bei der Erfassung der sozialen Emotionsinduktion in Gruppen beim Lösen einer sportbezogenen Aufgabe zur Folge hätten
When the Rabbi’s Soul Entered a Pig: Melchiorre Palontrotti and His Giudiata against the Jews of Rome
No full textAbstract
This essay analyzes an unpublished manuscript of a giudiata, a poem mocking Jewish funerals that was written and performed in Rome in the mid-seventeenth century. Melchiorre Palontrotti, the author of the composition, was a Roman polemist and author of other published works against Italian Jews, including, among others, the Venetian rabbi Simone Luzzatto, between 1640 and 1649. After furnishing information on the author and the historical background in which the song was written, and following an analysis of the origins of giudiate and their diffusion in early modern Rome, this paper explores the content, language, and style of the giudiata text. The appendix includes a bibliography of Palontrotti’s writings and a transcription of the manuscript
Subjugation, freedom, and recognition in Poulain de la Barre and Simone de Beauvoir
No full textIn 1949, Simone de Beauvoir cited the fairly unknown author Poulain de la Barre in an epigraph for The Second Sex (1949). When reading The Second Sex, one soon realizes that there are profound similarities between the two authors’ discussions of women’s situation. Both Poulain and Beauvoir view the subjection of women as a process that includes choice as well as force. Liberation necessarily requires overcoming opinions rooted in custom and prejudice. The article develops a comparison between the arguments of Poulain and Beauvoir in order to illuminate interesting features in the works of both authors. The focus is on similarities as well as differences. The first section examines how prejudice and the practices of men’s self-interest have contributed to the reification of women. Section 2 discusses the peculiar nature of prejudices about oneself and section 3 focuses on the metaphysical relation between freedom and materiality. Finally, section 4 examines how mutual recognition becomes possible in the context of freedom, the search for truth, and friendship.peerReviewe
Ritual displays by a parasitic cuckoo: nuptial gifts or territorial warnings?
Get PDFIn the sexual selection framework, nuptial gifts are materials a donor provides to a receiver that can increase the donor's fitness. In specific cases, sharing crucial information may be a nonmaterial nuptial gift. To investigate this hypothesis, we focused on the common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus, an obligate avian brood parasite whose reproduction costs of females are mainly related to finding host nests needed to lay their eggs. Nest searching is assumed to be conducted only by females. We hypothesized that males could contribute by transferring information on nest locations to females as a nonmaterial nuptial gift. Here, we show the results of a first step in this direction, in which we identified any behaviour potentially conveying information on nest abundance in the surrounding area, that is, behaviours whose frequency varied with host nest density. We conducted our investigation in a marshland area within the Po Plain (Italy), where we recorded both visual displays of cuckoos at perching sites, by using camera traps, and nest abundance of two of the most parasitized cuckoo host species, the reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus, and great reed warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus, by systematic nest monitoring. We found that male cuckoos adopted a certain posture, wing drooping, and tended to keep their tails up more frequently in areas with the highest versus lowest host nest densities. This is consistent with these behaviours acting as potential signals codifying information on nest abundance in the area. We finally discuss the implications of our findings for the mating choices of female cuckoos and the study directions warranted to reveal whether these displays and information transfer may be included as new elements of the sexual selection framework. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/)
Research in medical education - chances and challenges : international conference, 20th - 22nd May 2009, Heidelberg ; congress abstracts
No full text«Where there is no vice of exterminating poets»: Elsa Morante and The world saved by kids
No full textreservedIn questo elaborato verrà analizzato il libro più eccentrico di Elsa Morante: Il mondo salvato dai ragazzini.
Dopo un iniziale inquadramento storico e una precisazione in merito al genere letterario in cui l'opera rientra, si analizzeranno gli influssi che la cultura orientale ha avuto sull'opera e i rimandi intertestuali con Simone Weil, dichiarato modello dell'autrice.
Si passerà poi a un'analisi più puntuale sulla terza sezione: le Canzoni popolari, e si spiegherà dettagliatamente chi siano i Felici Pochi e i ragazzini a cui Elsa Morante affida il compito di salvare il mondo.
Per concludere si porteranno degli esempi puntuali di Felici Pochi anonimi, mettendoli in relazione con alcuni personaggi di un'altra importante opera della stessa autrice: La Storia.This paper will analyse Elsa Morante's most eccentric book:The World Saved by Little Kids.
After an initial historical background and a clarification regarding the literary genre in which the work falls, the influences that Eastern culture had on the work and the intertextual cross-references with Simone Weil, the author's declared model, will be analysed.
It will then turn to a more pointed analysis on the third section: the Folk Songs, and will explain in detail who the Happy Few and the little kids are to whom Elsa Morante entrusts the task of saving the world.
To conclude, timely examples of anonymous Happy Few will be brought in, relating them to some of the characters in another important work by the same author, The Story
Post 1990s Dance Theatre and (the idea of) the Neutral
No full textPhDThe thesis focuses on the concept of neutrality in the works of contemporary
European (post 1990s) choreographers. While broad ideas around neutrality are
considered, the thesis primarily engages with Roland Barthes’ definition of
neutrality as a structural term: 'every inflection that, dodging or baffling the
paradigmatic, oppositional structure of meaning, aims at the suspension of the
conflictual basis of discourse'. I argue that the minimalist work of Judson
Church, New York City, is anticipating the interest in the neutral that will more
strongly formulate itself in dance theatre after the 1990s. In the first chapter on
Jérôme Bel, the concept of neutrality is introduced as a general idea, together with
its inherent problem. The 'problem' is not that this or that element that Bel
chooses cannot be perceived as neutral, but that neutral or stage zero can never be
neutral enough. The second chapter, dedicated to the work of Thomas Lehmen,
explores the idea of 'neutralization' in relation to the notion of the self in
Lehmen's performance, where 'It is not I or you who lives: 'one' (une vie) lives in
us' (P. Hallward). In the third chapter I argue that in Raimund Hoghe’s
performances, love is conceived essentially as a balance between narcissism and
pure object-love – as a neutral state. The fourth chapter, on Croatia’s BADco.,
gravitates around the ways in which group processes function, arguing that the
idea of the neutral is located in the ‘invisible hand’ of emergence. The thesis shifts
academic performance analysis towards a more concept-based approach,
unpicking and/or constructing timeless, abstract and broad concepts and ideas that
the work of these choreographers resonates with
Lessons learned exploiting a multi‐year large‐scale data set derived from operational quality assessment of mosquito larval treatments in rain catch basins
No full textBackground: Larval control is crucial for managing mosquito arbovirus vectors. Quality control (QC) data from insecticide-based interventions are rarely exploited to assess the effectiveness of biocides in the field. This study aims to: (i) evaluate the outcomes of large-scale catch basin treatments with diflubenzuron (DFB) and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and B. (Lysinibacillus) sphaericus (Bti + Bs) on immature stages of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens, with reference to critical variables, such as the intervals between catch basin treatments and inspections; and (ii) identify areas of repeated treatment failures. Results: More than 30 000 catch basins were inspected from 2019 to 2021 for mosquito immature stages after treatment with DFB and Bti + Bs in 461 municipalities in north-east Italy. Overall, 5% of catch basins revealed the presence of live L3-L4 larvae and/or pupae. Model results showed opposite associations between percentages of positive catch basins treated with the two larvicides and the intervals between treatments and inspections, likely because of the different modes of action; i.e., a negative association following DFB treatments (day 7/day 21: Ae. Albopictus, 7%-4%; Cx. pipiens, 8%-4%), and a positive association following Bti + Bs treatments for Ae. albopictus (day 7/day 21: 2%-13%). Spatial analysis revealed repeated DFB treatment failures against Cx. pipiens in the area of the Venice lagoon, where the highest frequencies of alleles associated with DFB resistance have been reported. Conclusion: The results show that, despite unavoidable limitations, high-quality area-wide databases from multi-year QC activities of public mosquito control interventions may allow general conclusions to be reached (such as shortening the intervals between Bti + Bs treatments) accounting for real-world heterogeneities that cannot be achieved experimentally. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry
Campo de tensão entre géneros em A história de uma Serva (1985) e Os testamentos (2019), de Margaret Atwood
Get PDFNesta investigação pretende-se fazer uma aprofundada análise das obras The Handmaid’s
Tale [A História de uma Serva] (1985) e The Testaments [Os Testamentos] (2019), da
escritora canadense Margaret Atwood, com o intuito de estudar o campo de tensão entre
os géneros feminino e masculino retratado nas obras. Perante uma distopia patriarcal,
Margaret Atwood dá-nos a conhecer uma perspetiva ficcional que é de todo imaginável,
onde testemunhamos o género feminino subjugado ao género masculino, na voz de uma
personagem que relata os acontecimentos do seu dia-a-dia. As duas obras em análise, que
surgiram num contexto histórico diferente, mas que seguem a mesma narrativa, desafiam
o leitor a refletir sobre o papel e a importância das mulheres na sociedade ficcionada nos
textos analisados e, consequentemente, na realidade social contemporânea. O sistema
ideológico refletido nos textos possibilita igualmente a análise de como o género
masculino intervém na ação, ou melhor, como as figuras masculinas estão relacionadas e
afetam as vidas das figuras femininas, por beneficiarem de maior poder. Procura-se
descrever e analisar de que modo, numa história fictícia, se refletem aspetos da realidade
cultural contemporânea pelo olhar da autora em questão, bem como a relação entre
géneros narrada e como esta resulta num campo de tensão através da representação de
conflito entre as figuras. Pretende-se evidenciar em que medida as duas obras em estudo
perpetuam o legado de Simone de Beauvoir na atualidade, isto é, quais as ideias e teses
apresentadas no seu livro O Segundo Sexo (1949) que se refletem nos textos de Margaret
Atwood e são recebidas pela modernidade.This investigation intends to make an in-depth analysis of the works The Handmaid's Tale
(1985) and The Testaments (2019), by the Canadian writer Margaret Atwood, in order to
study the tension field between the feminine and masculine genders portrayed in the
works. Faced with a patriarchal dystopia, Margaret Atwood introduces us to a fictional
perspective that is entirely imaginable, where we witness the female gender subjugated
to the male gender, in the voice of a character who reports the events of her day-to-day.
The two works under analysis, which emerged in a different historical context, but which
follow the same narrative, challenge the reader to reflect on the role and importance of
women in the fictional society in the analyzed texts and, consequently, in contemporary social reality. The ideological system reflected in the texts also makes it possible to
analyze how the male gender intervenes in the action, or rather, how male figures are
related and affect the lives of female figures, as they benefit from greater power. It seeks
to describe and analyze how, in a fictional story, aspects of contemporary cultural reality
are reflected through the eyes of the author in question, as well as the relationship between
narrated genres and how this results in a field of tension through the representation of
conflict between the figures. It is intended to show to what extent the two works under
study perpetuate Simone de Beauvoir's legacy today, that is, which ideas and theses
presented in her book The Second Sex (1949) are reflected in Margaret Atwood's texts
and are received by modernity
From page to screen : placing hypertext fiction in an historical and contemporary context of print and electronic literary experiments
Get PDFOnly recently has our perception of the computer, now a familiar and ubiquitous element of
everyday life, changed from seeing it as a mere tool to regarding it as a medium for creative
expression. Computer technologies such as multimedia and hypertext applications have
sparked an active critical debate not only about the future of the book format, ("the late age
of print" {Bolter} is only one term used to describe the shift away from traditional print
media to new forms of electronic communication) but also about the future of literature.
Hypertext Fiction is the most prominent of proposed electronic literary forms and strong
claims have been made about it: it will radically alter concepts of text, author and reader,
enable forms of non-linear writing closer to the associative working of the mind, and make
possible reader interaction with the text on a level impossible in printed text.
So far the debate that has attempted to put hypertext fiction into a historical perspective
has linked it to two developments. Firstly the developments in computer technology that
made hypertext not only possible but also widely accessible and secondly a tradition of
postmodern theory, where characteristics attributed to hypertext echo concepts of
fragmentation, multiplicity and instability that theorists like Barthes and Derrida have
formulated previously and that have led to the notion of hypertext as an "authentic, yet
functional postmodern form" {Roberts}
A third element that is not generally subject to critical evaluation is the practice of
(post)modern writing in which a number of authors consciously break with the linearity of
print conventions in favour for a more fragmented narrative and presentation as well as
actively inviting the reader's participation in what Barthes calls "writerly" text. There are two
reasons why these "proto-hypertexts" have been widely ignored or dismissed: Hypertext is
still widely define as exclusive to the electronic realm and is furthermore generally
perceived in oppositional pairs in contrast to print, i.e. non-linear vs. linear and interactive
vs. passive, which conceptually does not leave room for a study of an "evolution" out of
existing forms of writing practice.
By examining hypertext fiction in a context of print experiments (Cortazar, Borges, B.S.
Johnson, Andreas Okopenko, Raymond Queneau, Miroslav Pavic, Italo Calvino) and also in
a context of other forms of digital literary experimentation (collaborative projects and
computer-generated writing), this thesis aims to, on a diachronic level, reincorporate
hypertext fiction into an evolutionary (though radical) literary tradition and examines the
manner in which concepts which originated in this tradition have been taken over often
very literally and without much redefinition. On the a-historical, synchronic level, this study
explores some of the possible formats for literature in the new electronic textual media:
hypertext fiction, collaborative writing projects, computer-generated writing and the
different challenges these present to our understanding ofliterature.
After an introduction in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 and 3 discuss two of the keywords of
hypertext theory, its "grand narratives' (non-linearity and interactivity) and the
appropriation of the terminology to hypertext theory and to hypertext fiction. Chapter 4
and 5 will look at alternative, though related, approaches to electronic fiction: Chapter 4 will
examine aspects of collaborative writing in both a print and a digital environment while
computer-generated writing stands at the centre of Chapter 5
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