1,720,964 research outputs found
A journey towards pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy and its training: a narrative review
No full textBackground and aims: Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy in pediatric setting has unique features and, therefore, requires an approach that is tailored to pediatric practice. There is still heterogeneity between training programs worldwide in terms of duration, number of procedures and assessment during and at the end of the training process. Methods: We conducted a narrative review aiming to describe and summarize the existing literature on the various training methods for pediatric GI endoscopy to highlight the significance of specific pediatric endoscopy training. Results: Simulation-based tools have been implemented in several training programs, providing a safer learning environment for trainees, especially in their earlier stages of training. Assessment of competence is gradually shifting from the sole evaluation of procedural numbers towards the development of more reliable and valid tools that can accurately measure technical competence. Despite such seismic shift, there is still a need for a standardized and comprehensive pediatric-oriented endoscopy curriculum that incorporates acquisition of procedural skills education and is built on the current competency-based model of training. All the above must sink their roots in trainees and to ensure that the endoscopists of tomorrow are capable of delivering high quality of care for children undergoing endoscopy. Conclusion: It is crucial to parallelly focus on the way trainers teach trainees. In this context, the implementation of "train the trainers" courses has improved important quality meters in GI endoscopy. Future research should put the focus on the potential subsequent favorable benefits of these changes on child health
Role of age in dynamics of autoantibodies in pediatric celiac disease
Full text linkBackground. Celiac disease (CD) is characterized by elevated serum titers of autoantibodies IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase 2 (TGA-IgA) and IgA anti-endomysial (EMA), with small bowel mucosa atrophy. We evaluated age differences between CD children exhibiting variable antibody titers at diagnosis.MethodsCD children diagnosed between January 2014 and June 2019, according to 2012 ESPGHAN guidelines were studied. All had EMA and TGA-IgA measurements, while a proportion of them underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Patients were grouped based on serum TGA-IgA titers normalized to the upper limit of normal (ULN) and differences in median age (years) assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and creation of orthogonal contrasts.ResultsCD was diagnosed in 295 subjects (median age: 4.4 [IQR: 2.60-8.52]) with a biopsy sparing protocol (high titer: >= 10xULN) and in 204 by EGD biopsy. Of the latter, 142 (median age: 8.5 [IQR: 5.81-11.06]) and 62 (median age: 9.5 [IQR: 6.26-12.76]) had a low (< 5xULN) and a moderate (>= 5 < 10xULN) TGA-IgA titer, respectively. Potential CD was diagnosed in 20 patients (median age: 3.6 [IQR: 2.47-6.91]). The median age was significantly lower in the no-biopsy group (ANOVA: F-(3,F- 516) = 25.98, p < .001) than in low- and moderate titer groups (p < 0.0001), while there was no statistical difference between biopsy-sparing and potential CD groups.ConclusionCD patients with greatly elevated antibody titers (>= 10xULN) were diagnosed at an earlier age than those with lower titers. This may indicate that an increase in TGA-IgA is independent of age and suggests a polarization of autoimmunity in younger individuals with higher serum antibody levels
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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