100,633 research outputs found
Pseudosinella paclti Rusek 1961
No full textPseudosinella paclti Rusek, 1961 Figs 10–21 Pseudosinella cavernarum (Moniez, 1893) in: Paclt (1957 a, b) Diagnosis. Eyes and pigmentation absent. Labium with M 1 m 2 rEL 1 L 2 basal setae, r strongly reduced. Dorsal macrosetae: R 221 / 32 /0201+ 2. Setal pattern of abdominal tergite II: pABq 1 q 2. Abd. IV with supplementary microseta s in front of anterior trichobothrium and 2 + 2 smooth mesosetae. Conical microsetae on antennal segments absent. Apical half of Ant.III segment with 8–9 additional leaf-like setae placed ventro-externally. Foot complex as in Figs 19–21. Unguiculus with well developed external tooth. Tibiotarsal tenent hair pointed. Trochanteral organ with 10–13 smooth setae. Type material. Holotype and two paratypes on permanent slide: Slovakia, Low Tatra Mts., Demänovská cave system, Demänovská slobody Cave (Demänovská Cave of Liberty), 27.xi. 1956, leg. J. Paclt. Type material deposited in the Department of Entomology, Moravian Museum, Brno (Czech Republic). Examined material from type locality. Slovakia, Demänovská jaskyňa slobody (Demänovská Cave of Liberty), “Sieň speleoterapie” Hall, 15 specimens, collected on rotten wood and by pitfall trap, 11.v.– 27.ix. 2000, leg. Ľ. Kováč; ibid., “Mramorové riečisko” Passage, 7 specimens, pitfall trap, 11.v.– 27.ix. 2000, leg. Ľ. Kováč; Demänovská jaskyňa mieru (Demänovská Cave of Peace), 5 specimens, collected on rotten wood and surface of water pool, 11.v. 2000, leg.P. Ľuptáčik, A.Mock & Ľ. Kováč. 6 specimens from type locality saved in collection of MNHN in Paris, 21 specimens saved in collection of IBE FS UPJŠ, Košice. Other examined material. Slovakia, Horehronské podolie Basin, Bystrianska Cave, “Vstupná chodba” Passage, 4 specimens, collected on bat guano, 8.v. 2002, leg. A. Mock & Ľ. Kováč; Veľká Fatra Mts., Harmanecká Cave, “Riečište” Passage, 8 specimens, collected on rotten wood and surface of standing water, 7.v. 2002, leg. P. Ľuptáčik & Ľ. Kováč, ibid. “Bludný dóm” Dome, 3 specimens, pitfall trap, 7.v.– 22.x. 2002, leg. Ľ. Kováč; Kozie chrbty Mts., Važecká Cave, “Zrútený dóm” Hall, 2 specimens, 17.v. 2001, collected on rotten wood, leg. Ľ. Kováč. Other material kept in collection of IBE FS UPJŠ, Košice. Redescription. Body 2.0–2.3 mm long. White, without traces of pigmentation. Scales on antennae and legs absent; on manubrium scales present on its ventral side. Head. Eyes absent. Dorsal macrosetae R 221 or R (R 0 R 1 R 2) + R 3 S T T´P (setal notation after Jordana & Baquero 2007). Macrosetae ciliated (75–80 μm), with blunt apex (dorsal ones) or sharply pointed (lateral ones); mesosetae finely ciliated (20–35 μm, Fig. 10). Posterior row with finely ciliated and sharply pointed mesosetae (45 μm). Short trichobothrium (50 μm) situated laterally to ocular macroseta. Praelabral and labral setae smooth, setal pattern of labrum: 4 / 554. Labium with M 1 m 2 rEL 1 L 2 basal setae; M 1, E, L 1 and L 2 ciliated, M 2 smooth in adults (in juveniles ciliated), seta r strongly reduced (Fig. 11). Frontal row of labial setae smooth. Thorax and abdomen (Figs 14, 15 and 17). Dorsal macrosetae: / 32 /0201+ 2. Microsensillar formula 10 / 10100, microsensilla (ms) strong and placed laterally (6 μm), on Th.II and Abd.I anteriorly, on Abd.III posteriorly. Formula of smooth mesosetae 11 /01133, mesosetae (s) progressively elongated from Th.II (10 μm) to Abd.V (14 μm). Smooth mesosetae on Th.II in anterior position placed laterally to ms. Abd.IV with 2 smooth mesosetae, 1 anterior (as) and 1 posterior (ps). Setal pattern of abdominal tergite II: pABq 1 q 2 (Fig. 14); macroseta A 0.56% of the length of macroseta B (75 and 132 μm, respectively). Abd.IV with 4 supplementary microsetae (blunt, ciliated) in front of anterior trichobothrium (microseta s present) and 2 such microsetae in front of posterior trichobothrium (Fig. 15). Medial macrosetae of Abd.IV B 4 and B 6 with blunt apex, apically ciliated, equally long (190 μm). Complete setal pattern of Abd.IV tergum provided in Figs. 17 a and 17 b. Appendages. Antennae longer than head (925: 520 μm). Antennal segments I: II: III: IV as 95: 240: 225: 365 (µm); densely covered with ciliated meso- and macrosetae (35–70 µm), numerous smooth microsetae (12 µm), thin and curved sensilla (20–25 µm), and thin, straight microsensilla (10 µm). Apical bulb on Ant.IV absent; subapical organite as minute, fusiform rod (1.5 µm). Apical part of Ant. III with antennal organ consisting of 2 wrinkled, leaf-like sensory setae (12 µm), 2 guard sensilla (10 µm) and short rod (4 µm). Apical half of the segment with 8-9 additional leaf-like setae (12 µm) placed ventro-externally; segment with row of 4 external sensilla with thickened base (12 µm; Fig. 13). Ant.II apically with 2 dorso-external leaf-like setae (12 µm). Ant.I with 3 dorsal and 3 ventral basal microsetae (6–8 µm). Ventrally with a group of 10–12 thin, straight microsensilla (8–10 µm) accompanied with 7–8 smooth setae (20–25 µm) and 2 external sensilla (18–20 µm; Fig. 12). Conical microsetae cm on antennal segments absent. Unguis (claw) of legs I, II and III 40 μm long; tibiotarsi 20 μm wide. Unguis with 2 proximal (basal) teeth in 15 % length of different size, external one developed in form of wing tooth, 1 short internal tooth in 38 % length of ventral lamella (positions in % measured on leg I); apical, lateral and external teeth on unguis absent (Figs 19–21). Unguiculus (30 µm) with well developed external tooth situated in the middle of lamella. Tibiotarsal tenent hair acuminate, 28 µm long, inner macrosetae of tibiotarsi differentiated (except of proximal setae whorl): thick, apically smooth, obliquely cut and sharply pointed (Figs 19–21). Metatibiotarsus (leg III) with 1 differentiated internal seta placed in the first whorl, smooth and pointed (35 μm). Trochanteral organ (leg III) consists of 10–13 smooth setae (20–25 µm; Fig. 18). Ventral tubus with 10 ciliated setae on lateral flap. Manubrial plaque on each side with 2 pseudopores, 2 internal and 3 external ciliated setae (Fig. 16). Manubrium: dens: mucro as 340: 360: 15 (µm). Apical part of dens (0.15 of the length) not crenulated. Mucro elongated with apical teeth slightly longer than anteapical one, 1 short basal seta reaching anteapical tooth. Both sexes known. Discussion. Pseudosinella paclti is similar to P. pyrenaea Bonet, 1931 sensu Beruete and Jordana (2002), P. subdobati Gisin & Gama, 1970 and P. jeanpierrei Beruete & Jordana, 2002. All share pattern of body dorsal macrosetae (R 221 / 32 /0101+ 2), although in P. subdobati cephalic macrosetae have slightly different position, see Fig. 3 in Gisin and Gama (1970). Moreover, they share two other characters: pointed tibiotarsal tenent hair and Abd.IV tergum with supplementary microseta s. According to Gisin and Gama (1970) this seta on Abd.IV is absent in P. p a c l t i. However, the study of P. p a c l t i from the type locality (Demänovská cave system) revealed presence of the seta s on Abd.IV in this species. The group of species also shares the same setal pattern on Abd.II (pABq 1 q 2). P. paclti differs from other species by pattern of basal labial setae M 1 m 2 rEL 1 L 2 (M 1 m 2 rel 1 l 2 in P. subdobati and P. jeanpierrei, m 1 m 2 rel 1 l 2 in P. pyrenaea). The other differences between four species are in modifications of shape and arrangement of unguis and unguiculus. In P. p a c l t i unguis is relatively short with strong and unequal basal teeth of which external one is winglike, internal tooth is present and unguiculus has apparent external tooth (in other three species the tooth is absent). In the contrary, P. jeanpierrei shows higher level of troglomorphy in elongated antennae and elongated and narrowed unguis with reduced proximal teeth and a rounded expansion substituting internal tooth. And finally, P.paclti is peculiar with 8–9 additional leaf-like setae in apical half of Ant.III (in P. pyrenaea there is 1 and in P. jeanpierrei 3 of such modified setae on the segment). P. styriaca Neuherz & Nosek, 1975 from Raudner Cave in Styria (Austria) is probably belonging to the same phyletic lineage with P. paclti having similar pattern of dorsal macrosetae on thorax and abdomen (R001/ 32 / 0201+ 2) and the shape and structure of unguis and unguiculus. However, in this species many important characters remained undescribed. Distribution. Pseudosinella paclti is inhabiting karstic caves of central part of the Western Carpathians, i.e. Low Tatra Mts. (Demänovská cave system, Veľká Stanišovská Cave), Horehronské podolie Basin (Bystrianska Cave), Strážovské vrchy Mts. (Dúpna diera Cave), Veľká Fatra Mts. (Harmanecká Cave), Kozie chrbty Mts. (Važecká Cave) (Rusek 1961, Kováč et al. 2002, Mock et al. 2002). Recently, forms closely related to P. p a c l t i have been discovered in the neighbouring karstic regions, e.g. in the Bobačka Cave, Muránska Plateau karstic region (Kováč et al. 2002). Their taxonomic status is necessary to be specified since they potentially represent new troglobiotic Pseudosinella species for science.Published as part of Kováč, Ľubomír & Rusek, Josef, 2012, Redescription of two troglobiotic species of the genus Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from the Western Carpathians, pp. 32-45 in Zootaxa 3341 on pages 38-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21367
Hydrogen peroxide - from bridesmaid to bride
No full textThe criticisms raised by John Clark concerning the use of hydrogen peroxide as a future rocket propellant are revisited. These criticisms focus on five important issues associated with detonation hazards, consequences of contamination, stability in storage, difficulties with ignition and problems associated with its freezing point. Each of these criticisms is questioned in the light of present experience and knowledge. The overall conclusion drawn is that Clark's assessment of peroxide was unfair and that many of peroxide's apparently undesirable attributes are shared with other propellants that are in common usage
Sugaentulus andrzeji Shrubovych & Rusek, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textSugaentulus andrzeji sp. nov. (Figs. 1–33; Tables 1, 2). Material examined. Holotype female (nr 19.7 b) from a moss sample collected in peat in a mixed forest near Turukhansk, 65 ° 48 ' N 88 °00' E, Evenkia, Krasnoyarskiy Kray, Siberia, Russia, 8.VIII. 2003, coll. A. Babenko. Paratypes (nr 19.1–19.16) 14 females, 15 males, 5 praeimagoes, 5 maturi juniores, 5 larvae II and 1 larva I collected in a birch forest with dense herbaceous cover, litter and soil on a river terrace near the type locality on same data as the holotype. Paratypes (nr 6580 –6584, 6595– 6602): 2 females, 5 males, 1 maturus junior, 2 larvae II and 3 larvae I from litter and soil sample from a mountain forest with Pinus sibirica and Abies sibirica, 500–600 m elev., on the northern bank of the lake Teletskoe Ozero, 7 km north-eastern from Artybash, 51 ° 48 'N 87 ° 22 'E, 10. IX. 1988, coll. S.K. Stebaeva and W.M. Weiner. Two female paratypes (nr 19.17), collected in a litter sample from a pine forest with bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), 15 km west of Tomsk, 56 ° 01'N 84 ° 04'E, in Timiryazyevskoye Forestry, 23.VIII. 1984, coll. N. Kuznetsova. Other specimens examined. Four females, 5 males, 1 praeimago, 4 maturi juniores, 2 larvae II and 3 larvae I from a litter and soil sample in a birch-fir forest on bank of the river Podkamennaya Tunguska, 61 ° 67 ’N 90 ° 55 ’E, 57 m elev., Siberia, Russia, 1. VIII. 2006, coll. M. Shashkov. Type deposition. Holotype (female), 14 females and 14 males, 5 praeimagoes, 5 maturi juniores, 5 larvae II and 1 larva I (slides 19.3–19.7 and 19.11–19.16) and other materials are deposited in the collection of the SMNH. Three female and 7 male paratypes (slides 19.8 – 19.10) deposited in collection of M. Potapov, Moscow, Russia. Two female, 5 male, 1 maturus junior, 2 larva II and 3 larva I paratypes (slides 6580 –6584, 6595– 6602 deposited in collection of ISEA. One female and one male paratype (slides 19.1, 19.2) deposited in J. Rusek ’ s collection. All specimens are mounted in microscopic slides in Faure medium (Dunger & Fiedler 1989). Description. Measurements of all stages given in Table 1. Dorsal side of head with moderately long setae, without modified setae, additional and postpseudocular setae present (Fig. 1). Labrum slightly protruded (Fig. 2). Pseudoculus circular, with distinct but short posterior extension, PR 15–20 (Fig. 3). Maxillary gland with slight, weakly visible calyx and without racemose appendices on the surface. Posterior filament short, with small bilobed posterior dilation, CF 6.0– 8.8 (Fig. 4). Maxillary palps short, dorsal and lateral sensilla equal in length, leaf-like (Figs 5, 6). Labial palps well developed, with finger-like basal sensillum (Fig. 7). Labium with smooth inner margin. Posterior margin of head with central seta 1 slightly shorter than lateral seta 2, lateral seta 3 half the length of seta 2 (Table 1, Fig. 1). Setae on nota differing only slightly in length (Figs. 10, 11). Setae on pronotum of nearly equal length. Meso- and metanotum with 2 + 2 anterior setae (A 2, A 4). Seta M on meso- and metanotum short, half the length of seta P 1. Accessory setae P 1 a, P 2 a and P 3 a long, setiform; P 5 minute, sensilliform. Length ratio of P 1: P 1 a: P 2 on mesonotum as 1.3–1.5: 1: 2. Seta P 2 a on mesonotum closer to P 3 than to P 2, on metanotum of the same distance to both mentioned setae. Mesonotum with pores al and sl, metanotum with pores sl only. Prosternum with seta A 2, meso- and metasternum without A 1 setae (Fig. 14). Setae A 2 and M 2 on prosternum, and A 2 on meso- and metasternum setiform. Prosternum lacking pores; meso- and metasternum usually with two close adjacent median pores. Formula of chaetotaxy given in Table 2. Foretarsus lacking sensillum b’; sensillum t 1 claviform; t 3 leaf-like; d, f and c’ nearly setiform; remaining sensilla slender (Figs. 8, 9). Sensillum d located almost centrally between sensilla c and e. Sensillum b longer than c and of the same length as sensillum a; c, e, g and a’ shorter than a and b; a’ on the level of t 2 insertion. Seta β 1 unmodified, setiform, longer than δ – setae ( δ 1 – δ 3), δ 4 setiform, longer than other δ–setae. Claw very long and slender, with single small inner and outer teeth. Empodial appendage short. Relative length of foretarsal sensilla: t 3 < t 1 <(e = a’) <(c = g) <(a = b) <(d = c’) < t 2 < f. BS 0.6–0.7, TR 0.7–0.9, EU 0.1. Pores present near bases of sensilla c and t 3. Seta P 3 on tergites II–VI anteriorly to line P 2 –P 4. Accessory setae on tergites I–VII setiform, of the same length as accessory setae on nota. Seta P 1 a present only on tergite VII, P 3 a absent on tergites I–VII. Pores psm present on tergites I–VIII, psl on tergites VI–VII, al on tergites II–VII situated anteriorly between A 4 and A 5 (Figs. 12, 13). Tergites VI–VII anteriorly with two parallel cuticular lines connected dorsally by short convergent lines. Tergites IV–V with one anterior line only. Abdominal legs with 4, 2, 2 setae. Subapical seta of abdominal legs II and III only slightly longer than the apical seta. Pores at the bases of legs I, II and III and of abdominal legs I situated between anapleurite and catapleurite (Figs. 19–22). Accessory setae on sternites I–VII setiform. Sternites I–VII with median pore slightly anterior to setae P 1 at granulated areas (Figs. 15–18). Sternites VI–VII anteriorly with two parallel cuticular lines as on the tergites. Sternite V with one anterior cuticular line. Abdominal segment VIII with distinct striate band, striae generally longitudinal but not parallel, not regularly spaced, usually shorter than band width on sternite VIII, but occasionally much longer and extending into smooth anterior cuticular area (Figs. 23, 24). Abdominal tergite VIII and laterotergites with irregular row of small scattered denticles, sternite VIII with two irregular, parallel rows of denticles (Figs. 25, 26). Comb VIII composed of 8–14 small teeth (Fig. 27). Pore psm with several surrounding teeth, other pores absent. Posterior margin of sternite and laterotergites VIII smooth. Seta 1 a on tergite IX subequal to seta 1. Seta 2 a on tergites IX and X shorter than remaining setae. Posterior margin of tergite X smooth between setae 1, with distinct small teeth laterally. Hind margin of sternite XI with small, distinct teeth. Dorsal lobe of telson with median pore (Fig. 25), ventral lobe with 1 + 1 anterolateral pores (Fig. 26). Posterior margin of dorsal lobe smooth, that of ventral lobe broadly incised postero-medially, with several small teeth distal to median setae. Dorsal Ventral Segment Setae Formula Setae Formula Bold —primary* and secondary setae; normal—tertiary setae; italic —setae added in imago stage. Setae in parentheses asymmetrically present in maturus junior. Male squama genitalis in adult and praeimago nearly of same length, with 7 + 7 setae, additional seta present (Fig. 28). Female squama genitalis short, with bifurcated acrostyli (Fig. 29). Variability. Chaetotaxic variability was infrequent in the 38 adults examined. Single specimens varied as follows: prosternum with asymmetrical absence of M 1, metasternum with asymmetrical absence of P 2, sternite I with Pc present, sternite IV with Ac absent and Pc present, sternite V with Pc present, sternite VII with Pc present, sternite VIII with Ac present and A 1 absent, asymmetrical absence of P 1 a, abdominal legs II with three setae asymmetrically on one side. Etymology. The species Sugaentulus andrzeji is dedicated to our colleague and eminent zoologist, the late Prof. Dr. Andrzej Szeptycki.Published as part of Shrubovych, Julia & Rusek, Josef, 2010, Sugaentulus andrzeji sp. nov. from Siberia, Russia (Protura: Acerentomidae: Acerentominae) and key to Acerentominae genera, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 2720 on pages 59-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19987
Campodea (Campodea) donensis Rusek 1965
No full textCampodea (Campodea) donensis Rusek, 1965 Material examined. 4 ɗ, 3 Ψ, 7 juveniles, Ankara, Çamlidere, 36 T 4584834490509, 1389 m, 14 -VIII- 2005, A. Sendra leg. Antennae with 20 and 21 articles in both adult and juveniles (2 antennae of adults with 20 articles, 1 with 21; 8 antennae of juveniles with 20 articles, 2 with 21). Males with glandular g 1 -setae along the posterior margin of urosternite I, and appendages with glandular a 1 - and a 2 -setae. This species is known only from the original description (Rusek 1965) from north of the Black Sea. Thus, this Anatolian record is a significant southward extension of its range.Published as part of Tusun, Sadreddin & Özbay, Cengizhan, 2010, New species, new records, and distribution of Campodeidae (Diplura) in Anatolia, pp. 40-52 in Zootaxa 2639 on page 43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19853
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Pseudachorutes pratensis Rusek 1973
No full textPseudachorutes pratensis Rusek, 1973 Figs 65–75, 79 Redescription. Body length without antennae 0.70–1.70 mm. Colour bluish-grey (on slides), ocular plate bluish-black. Tegumental granulation strong. Antennae shorter than head. Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 12 setae and Ant. III with 18 (rarely 19) ordinary setae. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked. Sensory organ of Ant. III consisting of: two small, globular internal sensilla, two subcylindrical guard sensilla (ventral sensillum longer 1.3 times than dorsal one) and two guard setae between them; ventral microsensillum present. Ant. IV with about forty ordinary setae and 6 distinct subcylindrical sensilla; dorsoexternal microsensillum present and subapical organite present; apical vesicle slightly divided on three lobes (Figs 66–67). PAO with 6–9 vesicles, 1.4–1.8 times larger than ocellus B (Fig. 68). 8 + 8 eyes. Buccal cone short. Mandible with two teeth, styliform maxilla with three lamellae; one of them hooked (Figs 71–72). Labral formula: 4 /2,3,4 (Fig. 79). Labium with 2 + 2 small organites x, without papillate setae L and with 11 + 11 ordinary setae (A, C, D, F, E, G, f, e, d, b, a present; B absent) (Fig. 69). Perilabial area with 4 + 4 subequal setae. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 65 with mesosetae and with longer sensory setae s. Formula per half tergum as: 022/ 11111. Microsensilla on Th. II present. Head with paired setae d 1 and without a0. Th. I with 3 + 3 setae. Th. II and III with 10 + 10 setae (a 2, a 5 and m 4 setae absent). Abd. I–III with 8 + 8 setae (m-row setae and a 3 setae absent), Abd. IV with 9 + 9 setae (m-row setae absent), seta s = seta p 5. Abd. V with a 2 setae, without p 2 setae and s = p 3. Ventral chaetotaxy: thoracic sterna without setae, VT with 4 + 4 setae, Abds. II–VI as in Fig. 75. Abds. I without setae, Abds. II with 4 + 4 setae, Abds. III with 5–7 + 5–7 setae. Dens with six setae (Fig. 73). Mucro slightly hooked with lamella which obtain apex. Manubrium with 12 + 12 setae. Tenaculum with 3 + 3 teeth. Each anal valve with two setae hr (Fig. 75). Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 19, 19 and 18 setae, respectively, seta B 7 absent on tibiotarsus III (Fig. 70). Femora I, II and III with 13, 12 and 11 setae, trochanters I, II and III with 6, 6 and 6 setae, coxae I, II and III with 3, 6 and 7 setae, subcoxae 2 of legs I, II and III with 0, 2 and 2 setae, subcoxae 1 of legs I, II and III with 1, 2 and 2 setae, respectively. Claw with inner small tooth and without lateral teeth (Fig. 70). Empodial appendage absent. Male genital plate as in Fig. 74. Material examined. 6 males and 5 females (on slides), Ukraine, Kherson district, Chornomorsky Biosphere Reserve, “Solenoozerna” part, halophyte plants near water, soil, 1.V. 2006, leg. Ighor Kaprus’; 2 males and 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, Kherson district, Chornomorsky Biosphere Reserve, “Volyzhyn lis” part, oak forest near water, leaf litter, 26.IV. 2006, leg. Ighor Kaprus’; 1 male and 4 females (on slides), Ukraine, Crimea, near Krasnoperekops’k town, steppe vegetation, soil, 15.IX. 1998, leg. I. Kaprus’; 1 female (on slide), Ukraine, Dnipropetrovs’k district, near Novomoskovs’k, steppe with domination of Stippa sp., soil, 18.VI. 1985, leg. O. Makarova; 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, Donets’k district, Kamiani Mohyly Reserve, steppe vegetation, soil, 25.VI. 1998, leg. O. Starostenko; 5 females (on slides), Ukraine, Donets’k district, Proval’sky step Reserve, steppe vegetation, soil, 8.V. 2000, leg. O. Starostenko; 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, Lugans’k district, Strilets’ky step Reserve, steppe vegetation, soil, 6.IX. 1997, leg. O. Starostenko; 5 males and 8 females (on slides), Ukraine, Donets’k district, near Donetsk town, postindustrial area, black mould soil, 9.VII. 1985. Coll. N. Kuznetsova; 1 female (on slide), Ukraine, Ternopil’ district, Medobory Reserve, meadow with steppe vegetation, soil, 24.V. 1994, leg. I. Kaprus’. Biology. The species has been collected in xerophytic habitats. It is probably restricted to steppe communities of South-East Europe. Bisexual. Remarks. Pseudachorutes pratensis was described by Rusek (1973) on the base of some specimens from the Central Moravia in Czech Republic. Later, Smolis and Twardowski (2006) supplemented description of this species on the base of Polish material. This species is characterized by the paired d 1 setae on the head, the absence of setae B on labium and setae a 2 on Th. II. Morphological characters of the Ukrainian specimens fit the original description, however there are some differences that extend the range of variability of this species (J. Rusek pers. comm.). Pseudachorutes pratensis is close to P. libanensis (Cassagnau & Delamare, 1955) sensu Ellis 1976 from Lebanon and Crete. These two species have similar type of body chaetotaxy (3 + 3 setae on Th. I, absence setae a 2 on Th. II), the small PAO and furca with 6 + 6 setae on the dens. P. p r a t e n s i s differs from P. libanensis in the absence of setae B and papillate setae L on labium, the shape of mandible (two teeth in P. pratensis, three teeth in P. libanensis) and also in the structure of the mucro (typical for the genus in P. pratensis, crooked in P. libanensis).Published as part of Kaprus', Ighor J. & Weiner, Wanda M., 2009, The genus Pseudachorutes Tullberg, 1871 (Collembola, Neanuridae) in the Ukraine with descriptions of new species, pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 2166 on pages 18-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18910
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
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