196,491 research outputs found
MOCASSIN: a fully three-dimensional Monte Carlo photoionization code
No full textThe study of photoionized environments is fundamental to many astrophysical problems. Up to the present most photoionization codes have numerically solved the equations of radiative transfer by making the extreme simplifying assumption of spherical symmetry. Unfortunately very few real astronomical nebulae satisfy this requirement. To remedy these shortcomings, a self-consistent, three-dimensional radiative transfer code has been developed using Monte Carlo techniques. The code, MOCASSIN, is designed to build realistic models of photoionized nebulae having arbitrary geometry and density distributions, with both the stellar and diffuse radiation fields treated self-consistently. In addition, the code is capable of treating one or more exciting stars located at non-central locations.The gaseous region is approximated by a cuboidal Cartesian grid composed of numerous cells. The physical conditions within each grid cell are determined by solving the thermal equilibrium and ionization balance equations. This requires a knowledge of the local primary and secondary radiation fields, which are calculated self-consistently by locally simulating the individual processes of ionization and recombination. The structure and the computational methods used in the MOCASSIN code are described in this paper.MOCASSIN has been benchmarked against established one-dimensional spherically symmetric codes for a number of standard cases, as defined by the Lexington/Meudon photoionization workshops: at Meudon in 1985 and at Lexington in 1995 and 2000. The results obtained for the benchmark cases are satisfactory and are presented in this paper. A performance analysis has also been carried out and is discussed here
Everyday risks and access to water and sanitation in Lilongwe urban and peri-urban areas
No full text<p>The household survey INHAbIT Cities - UNHIDE (Investigating Natural, Historical and Institutional Transformations in Cities and Uncovering Hidden Dynamics in Slum Environments) focuses on urban risks and sanitation in Lilongwe. The aim was to assess access to basic services and risks perception of urban dwellers living in areas characterised by different conditions of access to water and sanitation and other basic services. Lilongwe was a small town of less than 20,000 inhabitants in 1966 and only started growing after it became the capital in 1975. Its population has reached approximately 1 million inhabitants, living in 58 administrative units, called areas. Infrastructures and service provision is concentrated in the central areas – where parliament, ministries, government offices, embassies, hotels and the commercial area were located - while low income areas suffer the most from infrastructure and basic services deficits. To illustrate, while some areas access water through in-house connections, others are served through water kiosks, characterised (in some areas) by high rates of discontinuity. Similarly, everyday risks are unevenly distributed across urban spaces: as shown in the survey perception of risks varies drastically from neighbourhood to neighbourhood and depending on the quality and availability of services provided. Data for this survey were collected between February and April 2015 by a team of local researchers, who administered the questionnaire in local language.</p>
<p>Publications linked to this survey are:</p>
<p>Rusca M., Alda Vidal C., Hordijk M., Kral N., (2017) Bathing without water, and other stories of everyday hygiene practices and risk perception in urban low-income areas: the case of Lilongwe, Malawi, Environment and Urbanisation Vol 29, Issue 2, pp. 533 – 550. </p>
<p>Tiwale S., Rusca M<strong>.</strong>, Zwarteveen M., The power of pipes: mapping urban water inequities through the material properties of networked water infrastructures. The case of Lilongwe, Malawi, Water Alternatives, Water Alternatives 11(2): 314-335.</p>
<p>Rusca M. (2018): Visualising urban inequalities: the ethics of videography and documentary filmmaking in water research, <em>Wires Water</em>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1292">https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1292</a></p>
I «Beati moderni» e il tempo dell’attesa: la vita dell’arciprete di Sondrio Nicolò Rusca (1563-1618) e la storia del suo culto di santità tra resistenze confessionali e trasformazioni agiografiche
No full textL’arciprete di Sondrio Nicolò Rusca, martirizzato dai protestanti nei Grigioni nel 1618, è stato beatificato soltanto nel 2013 da papa Francesco. Nel corso del suo impegno pastorale in un territorio di frontiera interconfessionale come la Valtellina, egli provò ad applicare il modello di governo «tridentinista» dell’arcivescovo Carlo Borromeo. Da ciò derivarono una serie di conflitti religiosi, politici e giurisdizionali che determinarono la sua tragica fine. L’articolo ricostruisce gli scontri che Rusca ebbe in vita con il fronte protestante e le decisioni prese tra il papa Paolo V e il re di Spagna Filippo IV che contribuirono, sul filo della ragion di Stato, a lasciare nell’oblio la sua proposta di santità per oltre tre secoli. Essa, infatti, rinviava a un campo di tensioni confessionali con i protestanti che era comune interesse provare a superare. Il recupero novecentesco della causa di canonizzazione di Rusca consente anche di cogliere il processo di trasformazione culturale che la sua proposta agiografica ha subito: da campione dell’intransigenza cattolica nella lotta contro gli eretici a sorprendente simbolo di un rinnovato spirito ecumenico su scala europea tra la Chiesa di Roma e quella riformata
Adesivi strutturali: recenti sviluppi nel campo delle giunzioni alternative per la realizzazione di strutture portanti
No full textDoes verapamil influence the viability of type II pneumocythes after incubation in electrolytic solutions?
No full textSul significato della toracotomia esplorativa nella diagnostica e nel trattamento sintomatico del carcinoma broncogeno.
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Le resezioni polmonari maggiori (lobectomie) videoassistite
No full textNew applications of the Video-Assisted technique for the management of intrathoracic diseases continue to be developed, including major lung resections for cancer. The differences in the techniques proposed from various centers reflect the fact that the procedure is not accurately standardized yet and that prospective randomized trials with long-term follow-up data are needed. The Authors report the results of their preliminar experience with a mini-invasive modern approach for Video-Assisted Anatomic Lobectomy: an utility muscle-sparing minithoracotomy through the auscultatory triangle. Eight patients successfully undergone this surgical procedure (7 for non-small cell lung cancer in early stage, 1 for benign disease). No mortality, nor complications (including minor morbidity: ie rib fractures) were recorded. Medium hospital stay time was 9.25 days (range 7-16) and chest drainage time 6 days (range 4-11). This operation proved to be technically feasible, althought an accurate selection of patients and an adequate training in thoracoscopic procedures are mandatory. According to the more recent literature no significant differences are noted in operation's time, postoperative pain, chest drainage time, hospital stay compared to the standard posterolateral thoracotomy incisions. Otherwise the approach described enables to perform a truly "conservative" operation in conformity with the philosophy of the minimal invasive surgery and the patient's comfort and functional recover 2-3 weeks after surgery seems to be improved
Il trattamento chirurgico delle metastasi polmonari: protocollo diagnostico ed individuazione dei criteri di indicazione.
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